INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK

Course Title ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Course Code AECB32
Program B.Tech
Semester V ECE
Course Type Professional Elective
Regulation IARE - R18
Theory Practical
Course Structure Lecture Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits
3 - 3 - -
Course Coordinator Dr. B. Surekha reddy, Assistant Professor

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The students will try to learn:

I The performance characteristics and working principle of analog and digital instruments
for measuring electrical quantities.
II The analysis of various signals by using oscilloscopes and signal analyzers which have
built in signal generators.
III The measurement of unknown resistive and reactive components by using various AC
and DC bridge circuits.
IV The construction and working of transducers for the conversion of physical quantities
into electrical quantities.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After successful completion of the course, students should be able to:
CO 1 Recall fundamental overview of electrical measurements and basic Remember
instruments to perform a required measurement.
CO 2 Make use of analog instruments working with the principle of D’ Apply
Arsonval movement for measuring electrical parameters.
CO 3 Demonstrate the working of digital voltmeters to display the voltage in Understand
numerical value.
 CO 4 Describe the building blocks (cathode ray tube, deflection plates, and Understand
amplifiers) and functionality of cathode ray oscilloscopes to display the
waveform.
CO 5 Classify the special purpose oscilloscopes with their applications to store Understand
and process the signal waveforms.
CO 6 Draw Lissajous figures, patterns at any frequency range of the Apply
oscilloscope.
CO 7 Experiment with signal generators for generating standard test signals Apply
having the wide frequency range.
CO 8 Analyze the relative amplitude of the signal and its harmonic Analyze
components in frequency domain by using signal analyzers.
CO 9 Identify appropriate bridge circuitsfor measurement of unknown Apply
electrical parameters.
CO 10 Classify and explain working of transducers and their applications for Understand
conversion of physical to electrical energy.
CO 11 Select proper transducer to make sensitive measurements of physical Apply
parameters such as displacement, pressure, flow, strain, and temperature
etc.
CO 12 Examine the appropriate virtual instruments forand measuring electrical Analyze
and non electrical parameters to solve the real world problem.

QUESTION BANK:
Q.No QUESTION Taxonomy
How does this subsume CO’s
the level
MODULE I
INTRODUCTION TO MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
PART-A CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1 The expected value of the Apply This would require the learner CO 2
voltage across a resistor is 80 to recall the concepts of
V. However, the measurement voltmeter and understand
gives a value of 79 V. about loading effects and
Calculate (i) absolute error, apply the formulae to find
(ii) % error, (iii) relative out the % of error
accuracy, and (iv) % of
accuracy.

Page 2
2 A voltmeter having a Apply This would require the learner CO 2
sensitivity of 1 k Ω /V is to recall the performance of
connected across an unknown analog instruments and
resistance in series with a understand about working
milliammeter reading 80 V on of DC ammeter and
150 V scale. When the voltmeter, identify the
milliammeter reads 10 mA, formulae to apply the
calculate the (i) Apparent mathematical functions to get
resistance of the unknown the result
resistance, (ii) Actual
resistance of the unknown
resistance, and (iii) Error due
to the loading effect of the
voltmeter.
3 A moving coil instrument has Apply This would require the learner CO 2
the following data. Number of to recall the concepts of
turns = 100 Width of the coil working principle of PMMC/
= 20 mm Depth of the coil = D’Arsonval meter movement
30 mm Flux density in the and apply the torque
gap = 0.1 Wb/m2 . Calculate conditions
the deflecting torque when
carrying a current of 10 mA.
Also calculate the deflection,
if the control spring constant
is 2 x 10−6 Nm/degree.
4 A 1 mA meter movement with Apply This would require the learner CO 2
an internal resistance of 100 to recall the working
Ω is to be converted into a 0 – principle of D’Arsonval
100 mA. Calculate the value movement and understand
of shunt resistance required.of the function of ammeters and
the individual resistors. apply formulae to find out
resistance values
5 Design a multirange ammeter Apply This would require the learner CO 2
with range of 0–1 A, 5 A and to recall the working
10 A employing individual principle of multirange DC
shunt in each A D’Arsonval ammeter and understand
movement with an internal about loading effects and
resistance of 500 Ω and a full apply the formulae to find
scale deflection of 10 mA is out the shunt resistance
available.

Page 3
6 Calculate the value of the Apply This would require the learner CO 2
shunt resistors for the circuit to recall the working
shown below with Im as principle of D’Arsonval
100µA. movement and understand
the function of ohmmeters
and apply formulae to find
out drop in battery voltage

7 Calculate the value of Apply This would require the learner CO 2

multiplier resistance on the to recall the working of
50V range of a dc voltmeter ammeter and understand its
that uses a 500 µA meter performance characteristics
movement with an internal and apply the suitable
resistance of 1 k Ω. formulae to find out error due
to loading effect
8 A D’ Arsonval movement with Apply This would require the learner CO 2
a full scale deflection current to recall the working of
of 50 µA and internal ammeter and understand its
resistance of 500 Ω is to be performance characteristics
converted into a multirange and apply the suitable
voltmeter. Determine the formulae to find out the
value of multiplier required ammeter reading
for 0–20 V, 0–50 V and 0–100
V.
9 Calculate the value of the Apply This would require the learner
multiplier resistance on the 50 to recall the concepts of
V range of a dc voltmeter, voltmeters, understand their
that uses a 200 µA meter function and apply
movement with an internal mathematical formulae to find
resistance of 100 Ω. out the multiplier resistance
CO 2

Page 4
10 Find the voltage reading and Apply This would require the learner CO 3
% error of each reading to recall the concepts of
obtained with a voltmeter on voltmeters and ohmmeters
(i) 5 V range, (ii) 10 V range and understand their
and (iii) 30 V range, if the function then apply
instrument has a 20 k Ω /V mathematical formulae to find
sensitivity and is connected out the multiplier resistance
across Rb of Figure below:

11 Calculate the value of the Apply This would require the learner CO 2
multiplier resistor for a 50 to recall the concepts of
Vrms ac range on the voltmeters and understand
voltmeter as shown in Figure their function to apply
below: mathematical formulae to find
out the multiplier resistance.

12 A 100 Ω basic movement is to Apply This would require the learner CO 2

be used as an ohmmeter to recall the concepts of
requiring full scale deflection ohmmeter and ammeter and
of 1 mA and internal battery understand their function
voltage of 3 V. A half scale then apply mathematical
deflection marking of 1 k Ω is formulae to find out the
required. Calculate (i) the multiplier resistance
value of R1 and R2 (ii)
Maximum value of R2 to
compensate for a 3% drop in
battery voltage.

Page 5
13 A shunt-type ohmmeter uses Apply This would require the learner CO 2
a 10 mA basic D’Arsonal to recall the concepts of
movement with an internal ohmmeter and ammeter and
resistance of 50 Ω. The understand their function
battery voltage is 3 V. It is then apply mathematical
desired to modify the circuit formulae to find out the
by adding appropriate shunt multiplier resistance
resistance across the
movement so that the
instrument indicates 10 Ω at
the midpoint scale. Calculate
(a) the value of shunt
resistance (b) value of current
limiting resistance R1.
14 A 4½ digit voltmeter is used Apply This would require the learner CO 3
for voltage measurements. (i) to recall the concepts of digit
Find its resolution (ii) How voltmeter and understand
would 12.98 V be displayed their function then apply
on a 10 V range? (iii) How mathematical formulae to find
would 0.6973 be displayed on out the resolution and voltage
1 V and 10 V ranges. values.
Part - B (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define measuring system? Remember — CO 1
2 List out the performance Remember — CO 1
characteristics of an
instrument?
3 Define instrument? Remember — CO 1
4 Distinguish between static Understand This would require the learner CO 1
and dynamic characteristics to recall performance
of an instrument? characteristics of an
instrument and understand
the difference between static
and dynamic characteristics
5 Define precision and accuracy. Remember — CO 1
6 List out the characteristics of Remember — CO 1
a precision.
7 What are the different types Understand This would require the learner CO 1
of errors possible in an to recall the concepts of
instrument? errors and understand the
measurement of an error

Page 6
8 Explain the working of Understand This would require the learner CO 1
ohmmeter to recall the concepts of
analog instruments and
understand the working of
ohmmeter.
9 Explain the functionality of Understand This would require the learner CO 2
DC and AC voltmeters? to recall the concepts of
voltmeters and understand
the functionality of AC and
DC voltmeters
10 Define the terms Accuracy Remember — CO 1
11 Define the following terms, Remember — CO 1
Repeatability Reproducibility
12 List out different types of Remember — CO 1
static errors in a system?
13 Define measuring instrument Remember — CO 1
14 Write short notes on Digital Understand This would require the learner CO 1
voltmeters to recall the working of
Digital instruments and
understand the functionality
of Digital voltmeters
15 List out the specifications of Remember — CO 1
instruments
16 Define successive Remember — CO 2
approximation type of digital
voltmeters
17 Define the terms Precision Remember— CO 1
18 Define the terms Resolution Remember— CO 1
19 Explain about DC ammeters Understand
This would require the learner CO 2
to recall the concepts of
ammeters and understand the
working of DC ammeters.
20 Define sensitivity Remember — CO 1
PART-C LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Discuss about the Aryton Understand This would require the learner CO 2
shunt Circuit and explain how to recall the concepts of
current Measurement is done? ammeters understand the
measurement of current by
using Aryton shunt circuit

Page 7
2 Explain the different types of Understand This would require the learner CO 1
errors that occur in to recall the concepts of error
measurements understand the different types
of errors that occur in
measurements
3 Describe the performance Understand This would require the learner CO 1
characteristics of a system? to recall the performance
characteristics of an
understand the static and
dynamic characteristics of a
system
4 Explain the working Understand This would require the learner CO 2
operation of ohmmeter series to recall the concepts of
type and shunt type. analog instruments and
understand the operation of
series type and shunt type of
ohmmeters.
5 Explain the working principle Understand This would require the learner CO 2
of PMMC movement with the to recall the Flemings left
help of neat diagram. hand rule and Faraday’s Laws
of electromagnetic induction
to understand the working
principle of PMMC movement
6 What is the loading effect of a Understand This would require the learner CO 2
DC voltmeter? explain how to recall the performance of
to overcome the loading effect voltmeter , understand the
loading effect of a DC
voltmeter and how to
overcome the loading effect
7 Give the block schematic of a Understand This would require the learner CO 1
general measuring system and to recall the principles of
explain the same. measuring system and
understand each block of of a
general measuring system
8 Explain the working operation Understand This would require the learner CO 2
of different types of ammeters to recall the principle of
PMMC, performance of
analog instruments and
understand the operation of
ammeters

Page 8
9 Explain the working Understand
This would require the learner CO 2
operation of different types of to recall the principle of
ohmmeters PMMC, performance of
analog instruments and
understand the operation of
ohmmeters.
10 Explain performance Understand This would require the learner CO 2
characteristics and to recall the principle of
functionality of the PMMC , performance of
multimeter. analog instruments and
understand working
functionality of multimeter
11 Describe the function of DC Understand This would require the learner CO 2
voltmeter and multirange to recall the operation of
voltmeter with neat operation voltmeters list the types of
explanation? voltmeters understand the
DC voltmeter and multirange
voltmeter
12 Explain the working of Understand This would require the learner CO 3
successive approximation type to recall the concepts of
of digital voltmeter with the digital voltmeter list them
help of block diagram understand the working of
successive approximation type
of digital voltmeter
MODULE II
OSCILLOSCOPE
PART-A CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1 If the time/div control is set Apply This would require the learner CO 4
to 2ms/div when the to recall the performance of
waveform in Figure below is CRO and understand the
displayed on the CRT screen, function of digital storage
determine the frequency of oscilloscope and apply the
the signal. appropriate formulae to find
out secondary emission ratio

Page 9
2 A time base of an oscilloscope Apply This would require the learner CO 5
has a resistance 400 kΩ and a to recall the performance of
capacitance of 0.025 µF. CRO and CRT and
Determine the percentage of understand the functionality
non-linearity in a saw-tooth of horizontal deflection plate
output waveform having a and apply the desired
period of 0.4 msec. formulae to find the applied
voltage

3 The x-deflection plates of a Apply This would require the learner CO 5

CRT are 20 mm long and 5 to recall the meaning of
mm apart. The centre of the deflection sensitivity and CRT
plate from the screen is 25 cm and understand its operation
away. The accelerating apply the desired formulae to
voltage is 3000 V. Determine find out the deflection
the deflection sensitivity and sensitivity
the deflection factor.
4 The x-deflection plates in the Apply This would require the learner CO 5
CRT are 1mm apart and to recall the performance of
25mm long. The centre of the CRO and CRT and
plate is 20cm from the screen. understand its operation of
The accelerating voltage is deflection systems apply to
3000V. Find the Vrms of the find out the electrostatic
sinusoidal voltage applied to deflection sensitivity.
x-deflection plates if the
length of the trace is 10cm.
Find the electrostatic
deflection sensitivity.

Page 10
5 A Lissajous pattern in the Apply This would require the learner CO 5
shape of sinusoidal signal if to recall the concept of
the frequency of the Lissajous patterns and
horizontal signal is 4kHz, understand its mathematical
determine the frequency of analysis and apply the
the vertical signal. appropriate formulae to
measure the frequency of
vertical signal.
6 A Lissajous pattern has three Apply This would require the learner CO 5
vertical plates and two to recall the concept of
horizontal plates. Find the Lissajous patterns and
ratio of frequencies of vertical understand its mathematical
and horizontal signals. analysis and apply the
appropriate formulae to
measure the ratio of
frequency of signal.
7 The deflection sensitivity of a Apply This would require the learner CO 5
CRT is 0.08mm/V and an to recall the meaning of
unknown voltage is applied to deflection sensitivity and CRT
the horizontal deflection and understand its operation
plate, which shifts the spot by apply the desired formulae to
10mm towards the right. find out the deflection
Determine the unknown sensitivity
applied voltage.
8 Determine the Velocity of Apply This would require the learner CO 5
electron beam of an to recall the concepts of CRO
oscilloscope when voltage and describe its mathematical
applied is 1200V. analysis and apply the
appropriate formulae to
measure the Velocity of
electron beam
9 Choose any one of the Apply This would require the learner CO 5
Lissajous pattern, find out to recall the concept of
vertical signal if the frequency Lissajous patterns and
of the horizontal signal is understand its mathematical
3kHz. analysis and apply the
appropriate formulae to
measure the frequency of
vertical signal.
PART-B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Discuss about the CRT and Understand This would require the learner CO 4
its internal structure? to recall the concepts of CRT
analyze its internal structure
2 Define CRO? Remember — CO 4

Page 11
3 Discuss vertical amplifier with Understand This would require the learner CO 4
a neat block diagram? to recall the working of CRO
and understand working of
vertical amplifiers
4 Describe the roles of Understand This would require the learner CO 4
horizontal amplifiers? to recall the working of CRO
and understand working of
horizontal amplifiers
5 Explain vertical section of Understand This would require the learner CO 4
CRT? to recall the working of CRT
and understand vertical
section of CRT
6 Explain about horizontal Understand This would require the learner CO 4
section of CRT. to recall the working of CRT
and understand horizontal
section of CRT
7 Define dual beam Remember — CO 5
oscilloscope?
8 Define dual trace oscilloscope? Remember — CO 5
9 Define sampling oscilloscope? Remember — CO 5
10 What is mean by storage Remember — CO 5
oscilloscope?
11 Explain the functionality of Understand This would require the learner CO 5
dual trace and dual beam to recall the working
oscilloscopes. oscilloscopes to understand
the functionality of dual trace
and dual beam oscilloscopes.
12 List out the different types of Remember — CO 5
CRO probes?
13 Define digital CRO Remember — CO 5
14 What is the purpose of using Remember — CO 6
Lissajous figures
15 Describe working operation of Understand This would require the learner CO 5
storage oscilloscopes to recall the performance of
oscilloscopes to understand
working operation of storage
oscilloscopes
16 Define Time-base generator Remember — CO 5
17 Define Triggering circuit Remember — CO 5
18 List out the Applications of Remember — CO 5
CRO
19 Define Delay line circuit Remember — CO 5
PART-C LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Page 12
1 Explain the working Understand This would require the learner CO 4
functionality of CRT with a to recall the main blocks of
block diagram. CRO and CRT to understand
functionality of each block in
CRT
2 Explain working of vertical Understand This would require the learner CO 4
deflection systems with a neat to recall the main blocks of
block diagram CRO and understand working
of vertical deflection systems
3 Explain working of horizontal Understand This would require the learner CO 4
deflection systems with a neat to recall the main blocks of
block diagram CRO and understand working
of horizontal deflection
systems
4 Draw the block diagram of Understand This would require the learner CO 4
general purpose CRO and to recall the performance of
explain its working. CRO and understand working
of each block of CRO
5 Explain about storage Understand This would require the learner CO 4
oscilloscope with block to recall the concepts of CRO
diagram? to understand the storage
oscilloscope and its
functionality
6 Explain the working of Dual Understand This would require the learner CO 5
trace CRO with neat block to recall the performance of
diagram. CRO and understand the
working of Dual trace CRO
7 Explain with neat block Understand This would require the learner CO 5
diagram of digital storage to recall the concepts of CRO
oscilloscope? and understand the working
of digital Storage oscilloscope
8 Draw the block diagram of Understand This would require the learner CO 5
sampling oscilloscope and to recall the working of CRO
explain its working. and understand the working
of Sampling oscilloscope
9 Explain the method of finding Understand This would require the learner CO 6
phase relationship of two to recall the concepts of
waveforms using Lissajous Lissajous figures and obtain
figures? the phase relationships using
waveforms

Page 13
10 Explain the method of finding Understand This would require the learner CO 6
frequency relationship of two to recall the concepts of
waveforms using Lissajous Lissajous figures and obtain
figures? the frequency relationships
using waveforms
11 Explain the working of Dual Understand This would require the learner CO 5
Beam CRO with neat block to recall the concepts of CRO
diagram. and explain the Dual Beam
CRO with neat block diagram
12 Explain in detail about Delay Understand This would require the learner CO 5
lines in Cathode Ray to recall the concepts of CRO
Oscilloscopes. and analyze about delay lines
in the operation of CROs
13 List out the different types of Understand This would require the learner CO 5
probes used for CROs? to recall the concepts of CRO
Explain about each of them probes list out them
understand its application in
the usage of CROs
14 Explain how different Understand This would require the learner CO 6
Lissajous figures can be used to recall the concepts of
to measure various Lissajous figures to measure
parameters? frequency and phase at
different points
15 Describe about high Understand This would require the learner CO 5
frequency CRO considerations to recall the concepts of CROs
and applications and describe them in brief
16 Explain the operation of Understand This would require the learner CO 5
Time- Base Generator Using to recall the concepts of
UJT Transistor Time-Base Generators and
understand how UJT will be
acting as a Time-Base
Generator
17 Discuss operation of High Understand This would require the learner CO 5
frequency CRT to recall the characteristics
and performance of CRT and
understand the operation of
High frequency CRT
MODULE III
SIGNAL GENERATORS AND WAVE ANALYZERS
PART-A CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

Page 14
1 Determine the dynamic range Apply This would require the learner CO 8
of a spectrum analyzer with a to relate the concept of
third- order intercept point of spectrum analyzer and
+40dBm and a noise level of understand the noise levels
-100dBm. with a known value and apply
the formulae to find out the
dynamic range of a spectrum
analyzer
2 What is the minimum Apply This would require the learner CO 8
detectable signal of a to relate the concept of
spectrum analyzer with a spectrum analyzer and
noise figure of 20dB and using understand the noise levels
a 1-kHz, 3-dB filter? with a known value and apply
the formulae to find out the
minimum detectable signal of
a spectrum analyzer
3 Determine the minimum Apply This would require the learner CO 8
detectable signal of spectrum to relate the concept of
analyzer with a noise figure of spectrum analyzer and
30dB using a 1kHz 3-dB filter. understand the noise levels
with a known value and apply
the formulae to find out the
minimum detectable signal of
a spectrum analyzer
4 Determine the dynamic range Apply This would require the learner CO 8
of a spectrum analyzer with a to relate the concept of
third order intercept point of spectrum analyzer and
+300Bm and a noise level of understand the noise levels
-90dBm. with a known value and apply
the formulae to find out the
dynamic range of a spectrum
analyzer
5 Estimate the value of a Apply This would require the learner CO 8
minimum detectable signal of to relate the concept of
a spectrum analyzer with a spectrum analyzer and
noise figure of 40dB using a understand the noise levels
1kHz 3-dB filter. with a known value and apply
the formulae to find out the
minimum detectable signal of
a spectrum analyzer

Page 15
6 An amplifier with feedback Apply This would require the learner CO 8
has a voltage gain of 40. To to relate the concept of
produce specified output, the amplifier and apply the
input voltage required formulae to find out the
without specified feedback is feedback ratio
0.1, with feedback I/P as 2.4
V to produce the same O/P.
Calculate the value of the
feedback ratio.
7 What is the dynamic range of Apply This would require the learner CO 8
a spectrum analyser if the to relate the concept of
noise level of the display is spectrum analyzer and
–90 dBm and two –20 dBm? understand the noise levels
Signal produces third order with a known value and apply
intermodulation products. the formulae to find out the
minimum detectable signal of
a spectrum analyzer
8 Determine the resolution of a Apply This would require the learner CO 8
spectrum analyser using an IF to relate the concept of
filter within a 3-dB spectrum analyzer and
bandwidth of 20 kHz. understand the noise levels
with a known value and apply
the formulae to find out the
resolution of a spectrum
analyzer
9 What is the minimum Apply This would require the learner CO 8
detectable signal of a to relate the concept of
spectrum analyser with a NF spectrum analyzer and
of 50 dB using a 1 kHz 3-dB understand the noise levels
filter? with a known value and apply
the formulae to find out the
minimum detectable signal of
a spectrum analyzer
10 How are broadband sweep Apply This would require the learner CO 8
frequencies generated using to understand the concept of
sweep generators? sweep generator and apply
it’s principles to generate
sweep frequencies.
PART B-SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Distinguish between square Understand This would require the learner CO 7
and pulse wave generators? to recall the concepts of wave
generators and understand
the differences between square
and pulse wave generators

Page 16
2 Define a Function Generator? Remember — CO 7
3 Distinguish between the Understand This would require the learner CO 7
oscillator and function to recall the meaning of
generator? oscillator and function
generator understand the
differences between oscillator
and function generator with
their operation
4 List out the applications of Remember — CO 7
function generator?
5 What is sweep generator? Remember — CO 7
6 Define AF Signal Generator Remember — CO 7
7 List the specifications of Remember — CO 7
Signal generators?
8 Define duty cycle. Remember — CO 7
9 List the requirements of a Remember — CO 7
pulse.
10 Define a video signal Remember — CO 7
Generator
11 Define a wave analyzer? — CO 7
Remember
12 List out the different types of Remember — CO 7
wave analyzers.
13 Differentiate between AF Understand This would require the learner CO 8
wave analyzer and RF wave to recall the meaning of AF
analyzer and RF analyzers and
understand the differences
between AF and RF analyzers
14 Define distortion, harmonics Remember — CO 7
and the term ‘total harmonic
distortion’
15 Relate harmonic distortion Understand This would require the learner CO 8
analyzer and spectrum to recall the meaning
analyzer harmonic distortion analyzer
and spectrum analyzer to
understand the relationship
between harmonic distortion
and spectrum analyzers
16 What is the meaning of Remember — CO 8
distortion factor?
17 define the term Remember — CO 8
‘heterodyning’ ?

Page 17
18 Mention the difference Understand This would require the learner CO 7
between fixed frequency and to recall the concept of
variable AF oscillator. frequency oscillator to
understand the difference
between fixed frequency and
variable AF oscillator.
19 State the applications of Remember — CO 8
spectrum analyzer
20 What is difference between UnderstandThis would require the learner CO 7
function generators from to recall concept of types of
signal generators. generators to understand the
differences of function
generators from signal
generators.
PART-C LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain the working of a Understand This would require the learner CO 7
standard sweep generator to recall the working of signal
with help of block diagram generators to understand the
working of standard sweep
generator
2 Discuss in detail about RF Understand This would require the learner CO 7
signal generator operation. to recall the working of signal
generators to understand the
working of RF signal
generator
3 With the help block diagram Understand This would require the learner CO 7
expalin the operation of a to recall the working of signal
pulse generator. generators to understand the
working of pulse generator
4 With the help of diagram Understand This would require the learner CO 7
explain the functioning of a to recall the working of signal
conventional standard signal generators to understand the
generator. working of a conventional
standard signal generator.
5 Draw the block diagram of a Understand This would require the learner CO 7
arbitrary waveform generator to recall the working of signal
and explain its operation. generators to understand the
working of a arbitrary
waveform generator
6 What is sweep generator? Understand This would require the learner CO 7
Explain in detail. to recall the working of signal
generators to understand the
working of a sweep signal
generator.

Page 18
7 Explain the method of Understand This would require the learner CO 7
producing sine waves in a to recall the working of signal
function generator. generators to understand the
working of a sine wave
generator.
8 Explain the operation of a Understand This would require the learner CO 7
basic signal generator. to recall the meaning of
generator to understand
working of a basic signal
generator.
9 How broadband sweep Understand This would require the learner CO 7
frequencies are generated to recall the performance of
using a sweep generator. sweep generator and
understand the generation of
sweep frequencies
10 List various control on the Remember — CO 7
front panel of a pulse
generator. Mention their uses.
11 Outline the working of Basic Understand This would require the learner CO 8
Spectrum Analyzer with neat to recall the concept of wave
schematic block diagram. List analyzers to understand the
out the applications of working of spectrum analyzers
Spectrum Analyzer?
12 With neat sketches explain Understand This would require the learner CO 8
the principle of operation, to recall the concept of
and characteristics of harmonic distortion analyzer
suppression method of and understand how the
harmonic distortion analyzer distortion can be eliminated
13 Discuss about basic principle Understand This would require the learner CO 7
of AF wave analyzer with to recall the concept of
neat block diagram. principle of wave analyzer to
understand the working of AF
analyzers
14 Explain the working of the Understand This would require the learner CO 8
Power analyzer with a neat to recall the meaning of
block diagram. Power analyzer and concept
of principle of wave analyzer
to understand the significance
of power analyzer.

Page 19
15 Explain with a diagram the Understand This would require the learner CO 8
operation of a frequency to recall the meaning of
selective wave analyzer. frequency selective wave
analyzer and concept of
principle of wave analyzer to
understand the significance
frequency selective wave
analyzer.
16 Mention the considerations to Remember — CO 8
be made in choosing an
oscillator Instrument or
Signal Generator Instrument?
17 Describe the operation of a Understand This would require the learner CO 7
distortion analyzer using to recall the concept of
resonance to suppress the harmonic distortion analyze
fundamental frequency. and understand how the
distortion can be eliminated
18 Explain the procedure of Understand This would require the learner CO 7
measurement of a harmonic to recall the concept of
distortion analyzer using a harmonic distortion analyzer
bridged-T type. and understand the how the
distortion can be eliminated
19 Describe the operation of a Understand This would require the learner CO 7
distortion analyzer using to recall the concept of
resonance to suppress the harmonic distortion analyze
fundamental frequency. and understand how the
distortion can be eliminated
20 Why is it necessary to Understand This would require the learner CO 8
measure distortion? Explain to recall the concept of
the wein bridge method used harmonic distortion analyzer
for measurement of harmonic and then understand how the
distortion with a neat distortion can be eliminated
diagram.
21 How the fundamental Understand
This would require the learner CO 8
frequency is suppressed using to recall the concept of
fundamental suppression fundamental suppression
distortion analyzer? Explain distortion analyzer and then
understand how the
fundamental frequency is
suppressed
MODULE IV
AC AND DC BRIDGES
PART-A CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

Page 20
1 An unbalanced Wheatstone Apply This would require the learner CO 9
bridge is given in Figure to relate the concepts of
below. Calculate the current different bridges and
through the galvanometer. understand the functionality
of a bridge then identify the
formula and then apply the
appropriate mathematical
formulae to find out the
current

2 A Maxwell bridge is used to Apply This would require the learner CO 9

measure inductive impedance. to define a bridge and
The bridge constants at understand its functionality
balance are C1=0.01µF, then identify the formula and
R1=470k Ω, R2=5.1k Ω and apply the appropriate
R3=100kΩ. Find the series mathematical formulae to
equivalent of the unknown Solve unknown impedance.
impedance?
3 In a Wien bridge oscillator R1 Apply This would require the learner CO 9
= R2 =75k Ω, C1=C.2= to recall the concepts of AC
400pf with usual notation. bridges and understand
Determine the frequency of functionality of wien bridge
oscillations? identify the formula and then
apply the appropriate
mathematical formulae
Determine the frequency of
oscillations
4 If in the given figure of Apply This would require the learner CO 9
Kelvin’s bridge, the ratio of to recall the concepts of AC
Ra to Rb is 1000Ω, R1 is 5Ω bridges and Identify,
and R1 = 0.5 R2. What is understand its functionality of
the value of Rx. the bridge and formula and
then apply the appropriate
mathematical formulae to
determine the frequency of
oscillations.

Page 21
5 An inductance comparison Apply This would require the learner CO 9
bridge is used to measure to recall the concepts of AC
inductive impedance at a bridges and Identify,
frequency of 5 KHz. The understand its functionality of
bridge constants at balance the T-network bridge and
are L3 = 10 mH, R1 = 10k Ω, formula and then apply the
R2 = 40KΩ, R3 = 100KΩ. appropriate mathematical
Find the equivalent series formulae to determine the
circuit of the unknown unknown resistance and
impedance. inductor.
6 Given the Opposite-Angle Apply This would require the learner CO 9
(Hay’s) bridge of Figure. to recall the concepts of
Find, i. The equivalent series bridges and understand its
resistance, Rx. ii. The functionality then apply the
inductance, Lx. appropriate formulae to
Calculate inductance

7 The arms of an ac Maxwell’s Apply This would require the learner CO 9

bridge are arranged as follows: to recall the concepts of
AB and BC are non-reactive bridges and understand its
resistors of 100Ω each, DA a functionality and then apply
standard variable reactor L1 the formula to measure
of resistance 32.7Ω and CD equivalent series element and
consists of a standard variable also draw the phasor diagram
resistor R in series with a coil under balanced conditions.
of unknown impedance Z,
balance was found with L1 =
50mH and Z = 1.36R. Find
the R and L of coil.

Page 22
8 An unbalanced Wheatstone Apply This would require the learner CO 9
bridge is given in figures. to relate the concepts of
Calculate the current through different bridges and
the galvanometer. understand the functionality
of a bridge then and then
apply the appropriate
formulae then find the
performance of a bridge its
output results

9 A sample Bakelite was tested Apply This would require the learner CO 9
by the bridge to recall the concepts of
method(Schering) at 11KV, bridges and understand its
50Hz. Balance was obtained functionality and then apply
at the following values AB- the appropriate formulae to
dielectric material under test Solve unknown capacitance
in the form of a capacitor BC- and equivalent series
a standard air capacitor at resistance
100pF CD- capacitor of 0.6µF
in parallel with a non-reactive
resistance of 300Ω; DA-
nonreactive resistance of
100Ω. Calculate the
capacitance and equivalent
series resistance of the sample.
10 Find the series equivalent Apply This would require the learner CO 9
inductance and resistance of to recall the concepts of
the network that causes an bridges and understand its
opposite angle (Hay bridge) functionality and then apply
to null with the following the appropriate formulae to
bridges arms. ω = 3000 Solve unknown inductance
rad/s, R2 = 10 kΩ, R1 = 2 and equivalent resistance
kΩ, C1 = 1 µF, R3 = 1 kΩ

Page 23
11 Four arms of a Hay Bridge Apply This would require the learner CO 9
are arranged as follows: AD is to recall the concepts of
coil of unknown impedance Z, bridges and understand its
DC is a non-inductive functionality and then apply
resistance of 1kΩ, CB is a the appropriate formulae to
non-inductive resistance of Solve unknown inductance
800Ω in series with a standard and equivalent resistance
capacitor of 2µF, BA is a
non-inductive resistance of
16500Ω, if the supply
frequency is 50 Hz. Calculate
the value of L and R of coil
When the bridge is balanced.
12 Find the unknown resistance Apply This would require the learner CO 9
and inductance having the to recall the concepts of
following bridge arms: C4 = bridges and understand its
1µF, R2 = R3 = R4 =1000 functionality and then apply
Ω, ω = 314 rad/s the appropriate formulae to
Solve unknown inductance
and equivalent resistance
13 A sample of insulation was Apply This would require the learner CO 9
placed in arm AB of a to recall the concepts of
Schering bridge, when the bridges and understand its
bridge was balanced at a functionality and then apply
frequency of 50 Hz, the other the appropriate formulae to
arms of the bridge were as Solve unknown inductance
follows: Arm BC – a and equivalent resistance
non-inductive R of 100Ω; Arm
CD – a non-inductive R of
300Ω in parallel with a
capacitor of 0.5µF; Arm DA –
a loss free capacitor of 100 pf.
Determine the capacitance,
equivalent series resistance
and PF of the insulation in
test arm AB.
14 Find the equivalent parallel Apply This would require the learner CO 9
resistance and capacitance to recall the concepts of
that causes a Wien bridge to bridges and understand its
null with the following functionality and then apply
component values. R1 = 3.1 the appropriate formulae to
kΩ, C1 = 5.2µF, R2 = 25kΩ, Solve unknown capacitance
f = 2.5 kHz, R4 = 100 k Ω and equivalent resistance

Page 24
15 An ac bridge with terminals Apply This would require the learner CO 9
ABCD has in Arm AB a to recall the concepts of
resistance of 800Ω in parallel bridges and understand its
with a capacitor of 0.5µF, functionality and then apply
Arm BC – a resistance of the appropriate formulae to
400Ω in series with a Solve unknown frequency and
capacitor of 1µF, Arm CD – a equivalent resistance
resistance of 1000Ω, Arm DA
– a pure resistance R. (a)
Determine the value of
frequency for which the
bridge is balanced. (b)
Calculate the value of R
required to produce balance.
PART B-SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define a Bridge? What is the Remember — CO 9
importance of a bridge?
2 Draw the circuit of a Remember — CO 9
Wheatstone bridge and derive
the conditions of balance.
3 What are the modifications Understand This would require the learner CO 9
and additional features to recall the concept of
incorporated in a low voltage Schering bridge to understand
Schering bridge for it to be the usage of Schering bridge
used on high voltages? on high voltages
4 Why is Hay’s bridge suited Understand This would require the learner CO 9
for measurement of to recall the concept of Hay’s
inductance of high Q coils? bridge and understand the
measurement of inductance of
high Q coils
5 How does the basic circuit of Understand This would require the learner CO 9
Kelvin’s bridge differ from to recall about Kelvin’s
that of a wheatstone’s bridge? bridge and understand how it
is differ from others
6 State the limitations of a Remember — CO 9
Wheatstone bridge. How is it
overcome?
7 Define the term ‘null’ as Remember — CO 9
applied to bridge
measurement?
8 State the two balance Remember — CO 9
conditions of wien bridge?

Page 25
9 Compare AC and DC bridges. Understand This would require the learner CO 9
to recall the concept of AC
and DC bridges and
understand the difference
between AC and DC bridges
and how to use in
measurement
10 List out the various detectors Remember — CO 9
used for ac measurements.
11 State the two conditions that Remember — CO 9
must be satisfied to obtain
bridge balance?
12 List out the different Remember — CO 9
precautions to be taken when
using a Bridge with an
example.
13 What do you mean by Understand This would require the learner CO 9
Wagner’s ground connection? to recall the meaning and
What is its significance? significance of Wagner’s
ground connection
14 If a basic DC bridge arms are Apply This would require the learner CO 9
connected with R1 = 2.2 K, to recall the concepts of
R2 = 3.9 K, R3 = 10 K, find bridges and understand the
R4. function of a bridge then
identify a appropriate
formulae then assign values
and find out unknown
Resistance
15 Define Anderson Bridge? Remember — CO 9
write the advantages of
Anderson Bridge
16 Write the expressions for the Understand This would require the learner CO 9
parallel combination of to recall the concept of
unknown resistance and Schering bridge to understand
capacitor in Schering bridge. the expressions for the
parallel combination of
unknown resistance and
capacitor
17 Write basic functionality of Remember — CO 9
Opposite angle Bridge.
18 Mention the usage of Wagener Remember — CO 9
earth connections.
19 State the limitations of the Remember — CO 9
Maxwell’s Bridge..

Page 26
20 State the two conditions that Remember — CO 9
must be satisfied to obtain
bridge balance.
PART-C LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 What are the different Understand This would require the learner CO 9
problems associated with to recall the Kelvin’s double
measurement of low bridge and then understand
resistances? Explain the Kelvin’s double bridge is
principal of working a balanced.
Kelvin’s double bridge. Draw
the circuit of a Kelvin’s
double bridge used for the
measurement of low
resistances. Write the
condition for balance.
2 What is the significance of Understand This would require the learner CO 9
bridge circuit measurements to recall the concept of bridge
over direct meter circuit to understand
measurements? measurements of unknown
parameters
3 Describe the working of a low Understand This would require the learner CO 9
voltage schering bridge. to recall the concept of
Derive the equations for Schering bridge to understand
capacitance and dissipation the phasor diagram of the
factor. Draw the phasor bridge under conditions of
diagram of the bridge under balance
conditions of balance.
4 Derive the general equations Understand This would require the learner CO 9
for balance for an ac bridge. to recall the concept of ac
Prove that the two conditions bridge to understand the
for magnitude and phase to magnitude and phase diagram
be satisfied to get balance for of the bridge under conditions
an ac bridge of balance
5 Derive the equations of Understand This would require the learner CO 9
balance for an Anderson’s to recall the concept of
bridge. Draw the phasor Anderson’s bridge to
diagram for conditions under understand the phasor
balance. diagram of the bridge under
conditions of balance

Page 27
6 Explain how Wien’s bridge Understand This would require the learner CO 9
can be used for experimental to recall about Wien’s bridge
determination of frequency. understand how Wien’s bridge
Derive the expression for can be used for experimental
frequency in terms of bridge determination of frequency
parameters.
7 Explain the function and Understand This would require the learner CO 9
working of Wagner Earth to recall the meaning of
Device connections. List out Wagner’s ground connection
the uses of Wagner Earth to understand functionality
Device connections. and significance of Wagner’s
ground connection
8 Describe how Wheatstone Understand This would require the learner CO 9
bridge may be used to control to recall about Wheatstone
various physical parameters bridge and then understand
the Wheatstone bridge can be
used for experimental
determination of various
unknown electrical
parameters
9 State the limitations of Understand This would require the learner CO 9
Wheatstone bridge and how to recall about operation of
to overcome those limitations. Wheatstone bridge and
understand how to overcome
those limitations at various
conditions
10 State Hay’s Bridge? Draw the Understand This would require the learner CO 9
circuit and obtain the balance to recall the meaning of Hay’s
condition of Hay’s Bridge? bridge and concept of
performance of AC bridge to
understand the measurement
of unknown parameters by
using Hay’s Bridge
11 A Schering bridge has the Apply This would require the learner CO 9
following constants - to recall the concepts of
Capacitor of 0.5µF in parallel bridges and understand its
with 1 kΩ resistance in arm functionality identify the
AB, resistance of 2 kΩ in arm formula and then apply the
AD, capacitor of 0.5µF in arm appropriate mathematical
BC and unknown capacitor formulae to Solve unknown
Cx and RX in series. Assume capacitance and dissipation
frequency 1 kHz. Determine factor.
the unknown capacitance and
dissipation factor.

Page 28
12 Identify the bridge used for Apply This would require the learner CO 9
measurement of inductance to relate the concepts of
and explain the construction different bridges and
and operation of this bridge. understand its functionality
identify the appropriate
formula and then apply the
formulae to measure unknown
inductance
13 An ac bridge shown in figure Apply This would require the learner CO 9
below has the following to recall the concepts of
constants. Arm AB — bridges and understand its
capacitor of 0.5 mF in parallel functionality identify the
with 1 k Ω resistance Arm formula and then apply
AD — resistance of 2 k Ω formulae to Determine the
Arm BC — capacitor of 0.5 constants of arm CD.
µF Arm CD — unknown
capacitor Cx and Rx in series.
Frequency — 1 kHz
Determine the unknown
capacitance and dissipation
factor.

14 A Maxwell bridge is used to Apply This would require the learner CO 9

measure inductive impedance. to recall the concepts of
The bridge constants at bridges and understand its
balance are C1=0.01µF, functionality identify the
R1=520k Ω, R2=6.2k Ω and formula and then apply the
R3=200k Ω. Find the series appropriate mathematical
equivalent of the unknown formulae to Solve unknown
impedance? impedance.

Page 29
15 What are the limitations of Apply This would require the learner CO 9
Wheatstone bridge? Derive to recall the concepts of
the balance equation of bridges and describe its
Kelvin’s double bridge for functionality identify the
unknown low resistance. formula and then apply the
appropriate mathematical
formulae to Solve unknown
resistance.
16 In a certain Wheatstone Apply This would require the learner CO 9
bridge circuit measurements, to relate the concepts of
RA=200k Ω, RB=400k Ω, different bridges and
RC=100k Ω, RD=300k Ω. understand the functionality
E=1.5V, Rg=100Ω, with of a bridge then identify the
usual notation. Determine the formula and then apply the
current through the detector appropriate mathematical
galvanometer. formulae to find out the
current
17 In the case of a Schering Apply This would require the learner CO 9
Bridge, arm Ac has R=4.7kΩ. to recall the concepts of
Arm CD has unknown bridges and understand its
elements. Arm BD has functionality identify the
C=0.1µF Arm AB=4.7KΩ is formula and then apply
shunt with 1mF. Determine formulae to Determine the
Values of components is the constants of arm CD.
arm CD.
18 An unbalanced Wheatstone Apply This would require the learner CO 9
bridge has the following to relate the concepts of
standard arms: R1=1K Ω, different bridges and
R2=2K Ω, R3=3K Ω, R4=4K understand the functionality
Ω, Rg=300 Ω and E=5V. of a bridge then identify the
Calculate the current through formula and then apply the
the galvanometer appropriate mathematical
formulae to find out the
current.
19 Draw the phasor diagram and Understand This would require the learner CO 9
write the equations for to recall the concepts of
balance conditions in the case bridges and understand the
of Maxwell’s Inductance working of Maxwell bridge to
Bridge. draw the phasor diagrams
condition for balanced bridge

Page 30
20 A Kelvin’s Bridge consist of Apply This would require the learner CO 9
Ra=1600Rb, R1=800Rb and to recall the concepts of
R1=1.25R2.Calculate the bridges and understand its
value of Rx, if applied DC functionality identify the
voltage is 1.5V. formula and then apply the
formulae to measure unknown
resistance.
MODULE V
TRANSDUCERS
PART-A CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1 A displacement transducer Apply This would require the learner CO11
with a shaft stroke of 3.0 in. to recall the concepts of a
is applied to the circuit transducer and understand
shown. The total resistance of the function of a resistance
the potentiometer is 5kΩ. transducer then obtain the
The applied voltage Vt is 5 V. appropriate formula and
When the wiper is 0.9 in. apply the formulae to
from B, what is the value of calculate the change in
the output voltage? resistance.

2 A resistance strain gauge with Apply This would require the learner CO11
a gauge factor of 2 is to recall the concepts of a
cemented to a steel member, transducer and understand
which is subjected to a strain the function of a resistance
of 1x10-6. If the original transducer then obtain the
resistance value of the gauge appropriate formula and
is 130Ω, calculate the change apply the formulae to
in resistance. calculate the change in
resistance.
3 For the measurement of Apply This would require the learner CO11
temperature, the thermistor is to recall the concepts of a
a 4kΩ , type, the meter is a transducer and understand
50mA,meter with a resistance the function of a thermistors,
of 3Ω is set 10 17 Ω and then obtain the appropriate
supply Vt is 15V,what will be formula and apply the
the meter reading at 77ºF formulae to calculate the
(25°C) and at 150°F. temperature reading.

Page 31
4 A linear resistance Apply This would require the learner CO11
potentiometer is 50mm long to recall the concepts of a
and is uniformly wound with transducer and understand
a wire of total resistance the function of a
5000Ω.under normal potentiometer, then obtain
conditions the slider is at the the appropriate formula and
centre of the potentiometer. apply the formulae to
Determine the liner calculate the linear
displacement when the displacement.
resistance of the
potentiometer is 1850Ω.
5 The output of LVDT is 1.25V Apply This would require the learner CO11
at maximum displacement. to recall the concepts of a
At a load 0.75mΩ, the transducer and understand
deviation of linearity is the function of a LVDT, then
maximum and it is obtain the appropriate
+0.0025V.Determine the formula and apply the
linearity at a given load. formulae to calculate the
linearity at a given load.
6 A capacitance transducer has Apply This would require the learner CO11
two parallel plates of an to recall the concept of
overlapping area of 5x10− 4 capacitive transducer and
square meters. The understand the working of
capacitance is 9.5Pf.Calculate capacitive transducers, then
the separation between the obtain the appropriate
plates and sensitivity. formula and apply the
formulae to calculate the
distance between the plates.
7 A thermistor has temperature Apply This would require the learner CO11
coefficient of resistance -0.05 to recall the concepts of a
over a temperature range of transducer and understand
25-50 ºc. determine the the function of a resistance
resistance of the thermistor at transducer and working of
40 ºc if the resistance of the thermistor then obtain the
thermistor at 25 ºc is 120Ω appropriate formula and
apply the formulae to
calculate the Value of
resistance.

Page 32
8 An LVDT produces an output Apply This would require the learner CO11
voltage of 2-6V for to recall the concepts of a
displacement transducer and understand
0.4mm.Calculate the the function of a LVDT then
sensitivity of LVDT. obtain the appropriate
formula and apply the
formulae to calculate the
output voltage
9 An ac LVDT has the Apply This would require the learner CO11
following data. Input = 6.3 to recall the concepts of a
V, Output = 5.2 V, range ± transducer and understand
0.5 in. Determine (i) the function of a resistance
Calculate the output voltage transducer then obtain the
vs core position for a core appropriate formula and
movement going from + 0.45 apply the formulae to
in. to – 0.30 in. (ii) The calculate output voltage
output voltage when the core
is – 0.25 in. from the centre.
10 A certain crystal has a Apply This would require the learner CO11
coupling coefficient of 0.32. to recall the concepts of a
How much electrical energy transducer and apply the
must be applied to produce formulae to calculate
an output of 1 oz.in. of electrical energy
mechanical energy?
11 A platinum resistance Apply This would require the learner CO11
thermometer has a resistance to recall the concepts of a
of 100Ω at 25ºC. Find its transducer and apply the
resistance at 50ºC. The formulae to calculate
resistance temperature temperature value.
coefficient of platinum is
0.00392 Ω / Ω ºC. If the
thermometer has a resistance
of 200 Ω, calculate the value
of temperature.
PART B- SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define transducer? Remember — CO 10
2 List the classification of Remember — CO 10
transducers?
3 Define strain gauge and gauge Remember — CO 10
factor.
4 State the various parameters Remember — CO 10
of electrical transducers
5 Define thermocouples? Remember — CO 10

Page 33
6 Define primary and secondary Remember — CO 10
transducers with examples
7 Define between active and Remember — CO 10
passive transducers with
examples
8 List out the factors to be Remember — CO 10
considered while selecting a
transducer
9 List out the advantages and — CO 10
limitations of thermocouples
Remember
10 State the basic principle of Remember — CO 10
hot wire Anemometer.
11 What do you understand by Understand This would require the learner CO 10
electrical transducers? to recall the meaning
transducers to understand the
conversion of physical value to
electrical value by using
transducers
12 State the advantages and Remember — CO 10
disadvantages of
potentiometer.
13 Why are strain gauges used in Understand This would require the learner CO 10
bridge arrangement? to recall the meaning of strain
gauges understand the
conversion of physical value to
electrical value
14 How can inductors are used Understand This would require the learner CO 10
as a transducer. to recall meaning of passive
transducers to understand the
inductors are used as a
transducer
15 List out the different methods Remember — CO 10
of varying self inductance
16 Define the principles of LVDT Remember — CO 10
and RVDT.
17 List out the various types of Remember — CO 10
temperature transducer with
an application of each one
18 List out the five physical Remember — CO 11
quantities that the transducer
measures.

Page 34
19 What is the method for the Understand This would require the learner CO 11
measurement of Liquid level? to recall the concept of
capacitive transducers to
understand the measurement
of Liquid level
20 Differentiate between Remember — CO 10
thermistors and
thermocouple.
21 State the various advantages, Remember — CO 10
disadvantages and
applications of thermocouple.
22 Give the principle of Remember — CO 10
capacitive transducers.
23 Give the operating principle Remember — CO 10
involved in piezoelectric
transducers.
24 What is mean by gauge Remember — CO 10
factor? Give its expression.
PART-C LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define a transducer? Write Remember — CO 10
the classifications of
transducers? Explain the
difference between primary
sensors and transducers with
help of examples.
2 Explain working of strain Understand This would require the learner CO 10
gauge and what are its to recall the concept of strain
specific advantages and gauge to understand the
limitations? specific advantages and
limitations in measurement of
physical parameters
3 Define Piezo-electric effect? Understand This would require the learner CO 10
Describe with the diagram to recall the Piezo-electric
the operations of a piezo effect and understand the
electric transducer. working of Piezo-electric
transducer
4 What is mean by Understand This would require the learner CO 10
thermocouples Explain the to recall the concept of
desirable characteristics of thermocouples
thermocouples?

Page 35
5 Explain in detail about Understand This would require the learner CO 10
method of measurement of to recall about the
displacement using Displacement transducers and
Displacement transducers. understand measurement of
displacement
6 Define resistance Understand This would require the learner CO 10
thermometers? Discuss in to recall about earner to
detail about resistance recall the resistance
thermometers. thermometers for the
measurement of displacement
7 What are capacitive Understand This would require the learner CO 10
transducers? Give the to recall the concept of
expression for a capacitance capacitive transducers and
of a capacity transducer. understand the expression for
a capacitance for the
measurement of displacement
8 Define Magneto Strictive Understand This would require the learner CO 10
transducers? Explain the to recall the concept of
working of Magneto Strictive Magneto-Strictive transducers
transducers with a neat and understand the how to
diagram. use Magneto-Strictive
transducers for measurement
9 Explain the Principle, Understand This would require the learner CO 10
working, Construction, to recall the concept of
characteristics and thermistor and then
applications of thermistors. understand use of thermistor
for displacement measurement
10 What are Strain gauges? Understand This would require the learner CO 10
Explain the Principle and to recall the concept of Strain
working of Strain gauges gauges and then explain the
how to use Strain gauges for
measurement
11 Distinguish between Understand This would require the learner CO 10
thermocouple and thermistor? to recall the meaning of
State the limitations of thermistor and thermocouple
thermocouple. to understand the difference
between the thermocouple
and thermistor
12 Explain the principle , Understand This would require the learner CO 10
working , construction , to recall the concept of LVDT
Characteristics and and then understand the use
applications of LVDTs of LVDT for measurement

Page 36
 13 List out the Salient features Remember This would require the learner CO 10
of Semiconductor Strain to recall the concept of Strain
gauges? Explain the working gauges and then understand
principle of Semiconductor the use of Semiconductor
Strain gauges? Strain gauges for
measurement
14 Define and Explain the Understand This would require the learner CO 10
principle and working of to recall the concept of
Hot-wire Anemometer Hot-wire Anemometer and
then understand use Hot-wire
Anemometer for displacement
measurement
15 Describe the operations of Understand This would require the learner CO 10
resistance thermometer and to recall the concept of
state the advantages and resistance thermometer and
limitations. then understand resistance
thermometer for measurement
16 Show that a parallel plate Understand This would require the learner CO 11
capacitor serves as the most to recall working of capacitor
suitable transducer for transducers to understand the
measurement of linear and measure linear and angular
angular displacements. displacements.
17 What are the factors to be Remember — CO 10
considered for the selection of
better transducer? Explain.
18 Describe the construction and Understand This would require the learner CO 10
working of potentiometer type to recall the concept of
resistance transducer for potentiometer type resistance
measuring linear transducer understand the
displacement. measure linear.
19 Explain the method of Understand This would require the learner CO 11
measuring displacement using to recall the concept of LVDT
LVDT. State advantages and and how to measure
disadvantages of LVDT. displacement using LVDT.
20 List out different types of Remember This would require the learner CO 10
Strain Gauges used to recall the concept of Strain
Transducer and explain any Gauges
one in detail.

Course Coordinator: HOD,ECE

Dr. B. Surekha Reddy, Assistant Professor

Page 37