H u #1

CIIAPTER 5 Principles of Convection 267

along with the velocity distribution

u :3-!- 1 rzt'
u@ 2S Z\t)
and the expression for the boundary-layer thickness

6 4.64
x "Eil
{erive anexpression-for the y component of velocity u as a function of x and y.
Calculate the value of u at the outer edge ofthe boundary layer
at distances of6 and
12 in from the leading edge for the conditions of fxampie
S_:.
5-4 Repeat Prob{egn 5-3 for the rinear velocity profile ofprobrem 5-2.
5-5 Using the linear-velocity profile in Problem 5-2 and a cubic-parabola
temperature
distribution [Equation (530)], obtain an expression for heat-transfer
coefficient as a
function of the Reynolds number for a laminar boundary layer on
a flat prate.
5-6 Air at 20 kPa and 5'C enters a 2.5-cm-diameter tube at a velocity
of 1.5 m/s. Using a
flat-plate analysis, estimate the distance from the entrance at
which the flow becomes
fully developed.
5-7 oxygen at a pressure of 2 atm and 27.c blows across a 50-cm-square plate
at a
velocity of 30 m/s' The plate temperature is maintained constant at
l|ToC.Calculate
the total heat lost by the plate.
5-8 A fluid flows between two large parallel plates. Develop an expression
for the velocity
dishibution as a function ofdistance from the centerlini Uetrveen the two plates
under
developed flow conditions.
5-9 using the energy equation given by Equation (5-32), determine an expression
for
heat-transfer coefficient under the conditions

u=,x:const ! -'O :,
T*-T* 6,
where 6s is the thermal-boundary-layer thickness.
5-10 Derive an expression for the heat transfer in a laminar boundary layer
on a flat plate
:
under the condition Lt tt.ro: constant. Assume that the temperature
distribution is
given by the cubic-parabola relation in Equation (5-30).
This solution approximates
the condition observed in the flow of a liquid metar ovir a
flat plate.
5-11 Show that 03u/0y3 = 0 at ):0 for an incompressible laminar UounAary
hyer on a
flat plate with zero-pressure gradient.
5-12 Review the analytical developments of this chapter and list the restrictions
that apply
,_ __ ,l the following equations: (5_25), (5_26), (S_44), (5_46),(5-g5), and (5- 107).
rrlio
Q-t3):"r.r.trl:,]h" of thermar-boundary-rayer thickness to hydrodynamic-boundary-
layer thickness following fluids: air at I atm and2}.t,water
fo_r lhe at 20.c, helium
at I atm and2}oC,liquid ammonia at2}oC,glycerine at20.'C.
5-14 For water flowing over a flat'plate at l5oC- and 3 m/s, calculate
the mass flow through
b"lilio
z>L. at.90"C and I atm rayer at a distance of 5 cm from the reading edge
of the prate.
\ll!)ir flows over a flat plate at a velocityof lo mls. How thick is the
layer at a distance of 2.5 cm from the leading edge of
,_*:Taary the plate?
q!9lTws gvel a flat plate at a constant velocity of 20 m/s and ambient conditions of
20 kPa and 20oC. The plate is heated to a constant temperature
of 75oC, starting at
<-t

Problems

a distance of 7.5 cm from the leading edge. What is

the total heat transfer from the
. *leading edge to a point 35 cm from the leading edge?
(5-17 JMater at l5oC flows between two large parallel plates at a velocity
of 1.5 m/s. The
plates are separated by a distance of 15 mm. Estimate
the distancgfrom the leading
where the flowbecomes fully developed.
_.--f,dge
QL9/.it at standard conditions of I atm and2ToC flows over a flat plate
plate is 60 cm square and is maintained at 97"C. Calculate
at 20 m/s. The
the heat transfer from the
plate.
5-19 Air at 7 kJ.a and 35"C flows across a 30-crn-square flat plate at 7 .s mls.The plate is
maintained at 65oC. Estimate the heat lost from the plati.
5-20 Air at 90oC and atmospheric pressure flows over a horizontal flat plate
at 60 m/s. The
plate is 60 cm square and is maintained at a uniform temperature
-c; the total heat transfer?
of 10"C. What is
5-21 Nihogen at 2 atn and 500 K flows across a 40-cm-square plate at velocity
a of25 m/s.
Calculate the cooling required to maintain the plate surface at a
constant temperature
of300 K.
5-22 Plot the heat-transfer coefficientversus length for flow over a I -m-long flat plate under
the following conditions: (a) helium at I li/in2 abs, g0oF, u
oo :
l0 fV, 1i.O+S oVrl;
I
(D) hydrogen at lb/in2 abs, 80oF, aoo: l0 fl/s; (c) air-at
t
fU/inf ats, S0#,
uoo : l0 ft/s; (O water at 80oF, a6,e = l0 fVs; (e) helium at 20 lb/in2 aUr, SO.f,
aoo : l0 fi/s.
5-23 Calculate the heat transfer from a 20-cm-square plate over which air flows at 35oC
and 14 kPa. The plate temperature is 250"C, and ihe free-stream velocity
is 6 m/s.
5-24 Air at 20 kPa and 20'C flows across a flat plate 60 cm long. The free-sheam
velocity
is 30 m/s, and the plate is heated over its iotal length to itemperature
of 55oC. For
x = 30 cm, calculate the value of y for which u wiil equal ZZ.i m/s.
5-25 For the flow system in Problem 5-24, calculate the value of the friction
coefficient at
a distance of 15 cm from the leading edge.
5-26 Air at a pressure of 200 kPa and free-stream temperature of 2loCflows
over a square
flat plate at a velocity of 30 m/s. The Reynolds number is 106 at the
edge of the plate.
calculate the heat transfer for an isothermal plate maintained at 57oc.
5-27 Calculate the boundary layer thickness at the edge ofthe plate for the flow system
in
Problem 5-26. State the assumptions.
5-28 Air at 5oc and 70 kpa flows over a flat plate at 6 m/s. A heater strip 2.5
cm long
is placed on the plate at a distance of lj
cm from the leading edge. Calculate thi
heat lost from the strip per unit depth of plate for a heatercurfu."
temperature
of65.C.
5-29 Air at I atm and27"C blows across a large concrete surface 15
m wide maintained
at 55'C. The flow velocity is 4.5 m/s. Calculate the convection heat
loss from the
surface.
5-30 Air at 300 K and75 kPa flows over a l-m-square plate at a velocity
of 45 m/s. The
plate is malntained at a constant temperarure i,r+o,i r. crl;"i;;;
the heat lost by the
plate.
flatprate
\--l Air at 50 kPa and l0'Cis maintained
[email protected],"T1"^rll is blown
at 50oc and has dimensions of 50 cm by 50 cm.
across the plate at 20 m/s. Calculate the ireat lost
-^. from theplate.
(s-lli, nows across a 20-cm-square plate with a velocity of 5 m/s. Free-stream conditions
are l0"C and 0.2 atn. A heater in the plate surface fumishes a constant
heat-flux
-
.C

CHAPTER 5 Principles of Convection 269

condition at the wall so that the average wall temperature is 100.c.

calculate the
surface heat flux and the value of ft at an x position of l0 cm.
s-33 calculate the flow velocity necessary to produce a Reynolds number
of l0z for flow
acrgl1 l-m-square plate with the following fluids: (a)water at20"c, (6) air at I
atrn
and20oC, (c) Freon 12 at20C, (d; ammonia at2}"C,and (e) helium
ai 20.C.
5-34 calculate the average heat-transfer coefficient for each of the cases problem
in 5-31
assuming all properties are evaluated at20.C.
5-35 Calculate the boundary-layer thickness at the end of the plate for each case
in

q##,t:'il"#ff:Ti#;f*i:il.lffi
:".,H?,#ili*i#:1,T1*ir:
dissipated t(itfui airstream that blows across the plate at conditions
of'25oC, I atm,
and 3 m/s' The plate is 25 cm square. Estimate the average temperature
of the plate.
What is the plate temperature at the trailing edge?
5-37 Air at 0.5 atm pressure and 27"C flows across a 34-cm-square plate at a velocity
of
20 m/s' The plate temperature is maintained at 127'C. Caiculati the
heat lost by the
plate.
5-38 Helium at 3 atm and 73"C flows across a 3S-cm-square plate that is maintained at
a surface temperature of ll3"C. The free-stream vllocity is 50 m/s. Calculate
the
heat lost by the plate.
-\onuection
at I atm and 300 K blows across a S0-cm-square flat plate at a velocity such
v
Ut-39y'ir
the Reynolds number at the downstream edge of the plate is I . I x
that
105. Heating does
not begin until halfway along the plate and then the surface temperature
Calculate the heat transfer from the plate.
is +oo f.
5'40 Air at 20"C and 14 kPa flows at a velocity of 150 m/s past a flat plate I m long that is
maintained at a constant temperature of 150"C. What is the average heat-trans=fer
rate
per unit area of plate?
5-41 Derive- equations equivalent to Equation (5-85) for critical Reynolds numbers of
3 x 105, 106, and 3 x 106.
5-42 Assuming that the local heat-transfer coefficient for flow on a flat plate can be rep-
resented by Equation (5-81) and that the boundary layer starts at thi leading
eage of
the plate, determine an expression for the averagi hrut-t
-rf.r
coefficient.
5-43 A l0-cm-square plate has an electric heater installed that produces a constant heat
flux. Water at lOoC flows across the plate at a velocity of 3 m/s. What is the total
heat
which can be dissipated if the plate temperature is not to exceed g0oc?
5-44 Repeat Problem 5-41 for air at I atm and 300 K.
5-45 Helium at I atm and 300 K is used to cool a l-m-square plate maintained at 500 K.
The flow velocity is 50 m/s. Calculate the total heatloss irom the plate. What
is the
boundary-layer thickness as the flow leaves the plate?
5'46 Alight breeze at l0 mi/h blows across a metal building in the summer. The
height of
the building wall is 3.2 m, nnd the width is 6.1 m. A-net energy flux
or:+z fr7m,
from the sun is absorbed in the wall and subsequently dissipatii to the
surrounding
air by convection' Assuming that the air is27'C and i atm und blo*.
across the wall
as on a flatplate, estimate the average temperature the wall
will attain for equilibrium
conditions.
5-47 The bottom of a com-chip fryer is l0 ft long by 3 ft wide and is maintained
at a
temperature of 420'F. Cooking oil flows across this surface at a velocity
of I ff/s
and has a free-stream tempemture of 400'F. Calculate the heat transfer
to ihe oil and