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1 Introduction To Communication System

The key components of a communication system are the source, transmitter, channel, receiver and output transducer. The transmitter modifies the baseband signal from the source for efficient transmission over the channel. At the receiver, modulation is undone to reconstruct the original baseband signal. Modulation involves varying a high frequency carrier signal (such as amplitude, frequency or phase) based on the baseband signal, allowing transmission over longer distances with smaller antennas and simultaneous transmission of multiple signals.

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58 views10 pages

1 Introduction To Communication System

The key components of a communication system are the source, transmitter, channel, receiver and output transducer. The transmitter modifies the baseband signal from the source for efficient transmission over the channel. At the receiver, modulation is undone to reconstruct the original baseband signal. Modulation involves varying a high frequency carrier signal (such as amplitude, frequency or phase) based on the baseband signal, allowing transmission over longer distances with smaller antennas and simultaneous transmission of multiple signals.

Uploaded by

MOHAB MAHMOUD KAMEL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELC 224 – Electric Communications

Introduction to
Communication Systems

Lecturer: Dr. Reham Samir


References
 Behrouz A. Forouzan “Data Communication and
Networking” (5th Edition), McGraw Hill International
Edition, 2015.

 B.P. Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog


Communication Systems” (3rd Edition), Oxford
University Press, 1998.
Communication System Block Diagram
Communication System Block Diagram
 The components of a communication system are as follows:
 The source originates a message, such as a human voice, a television
picture.

 If the data is nonelectrical (human voice, television picture), it must


be converted by an input transducer into an electrical waveform
referred to as the baseband signal or message signal.

 The transmitter modifies the baseband signal for efficient


transmission.

 The channel is a medium such as wire, coaxial cable, a waveguide,


an optical fiber, or a radio link through which the transmitter output is
sent.
Communication System Block Diagram

 The receiver reprocesses the signal received from the channel by


undoing the signal modifications made at the transmitter and the
channel.

 The receiver output is fed to the output transducer, which converts


the electrical signal to its original form (the message).
Modulation
 Baseband signals produced by various information sources are not
always suitable for direct transmission over a given channel.

 These signals are usually further modified at the transmitter to


facilitate transmission. This conversion process is known as
modulation.

 At the receiver, the modulated signal must pass through a reverse


process called demodulation in order to reconstruct the baseband
signal.

 In the process of modulation, the baseband signal is used to modify


some parameter of a high-frequency carrier signal.
Modulation
 The carrier and the baseband signal may be compared to a stone
and a piece of paper. If we wish to throw a piece of paper, it cannot
go too far by itself. But by wrapping it around a stone (a carrier), it
can be thrown over a longer distance.

 Carrier
 A carrier is a sinusoid of high frequency, and one of its parameters
such as amplitude, frequency, or phase is varied in proportion to the
baseband signal.
 Accordingly, we have amplitude modulation (AM), frequency
modulation (FM), or phase modulation (PM).
 In AM, the carrier amplitude varies in proportion to base band signal
m(t) , and in FM, the carrier frequency varies in proportion m(t).
Modulation

 Carrier signal

 Modulating (base band) signal

 Amplitude-modulated wave

 Frequency-modulated wave
Modulation
 Important reasons for modulation are:
 Modulation reduces antenna size.
 We modulate a high-frequency carrier, thus translating the signal
spectrum to the region of carrier frequencies that corresponds to a much
smaller wavelength then a smaller radiating antenna size.

 Modulation Increases the range of communication


 The low frequency baseband signals are hard to transmit at large
distance.

 The energy of a signal depends upon its frequency. So the greater the
frequency, the greater the distance of transmission.
Modulation
 Important reasons for modulation are:
 Modulation allows simultaneous transmission of several Signals
(allows multiplexing)
 If Several radio stations broadcast audio baseband signals directly,
without any modification, they would interfere with each other.

 Thus, it would be possible to broadcast from only one radio or television


station at a time but this is wasteful.

 We can use various audio signals to modulate different carrier


frequencies, thus translating each signal to a different frequency range.

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