10 Mathematics

Quarter 4 - Module 6
Illustrating Measures of Position,
and Other Statistical Methods in
Analyzing and Interpreting
Research Data
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Illustrating Measures of Position, and Other Statistical Methods
in Analyzing and Interpreting Research Data
First Edition, 2021

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 6
Illustrating Measures of Position,
and Other Statistical Methods in
Analyzing and Interpreting
Research Data
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module provides varied activities that will help you learn how to
illustrate measures of position and other statistical methods in analyzing and
interpreting research data.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 illustrate the three statistical measures in analyzing and interpreting
research data; and
 utilizes appropriate measures of position and other statistical
methods in analyzing and interpreting research data.

What I Know
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on
the space provided before each number.

1. The median score is also the .

a. 50th percentile
b. 3rd decile
c. 6th decile
d. 3rd quartile

2. The lower quartile is equal to .

a. 3rd quartile
b. 2nd decile
c. 25th percentile
d. 50th percentile

For numbers 3 - 4, use the set of scores: 17, 10, 22, 10, 19, 24, 8, 12, and 19

3. What is the median score of the given set?

a. 15 c. 13
b. 16 d. 17
4. What is the range?
a. 14 c. 15
b. 20 d. 16

5. The mean score in an exam given to 25 students is 70. What is the sum of the 25
exam scores?

a. 950 c. 1750
b. 700 d. 1650

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 6. The difference between the greatest and the least number in a set of data is
called .

a. range
b. quartile
c. decile
d. variance

7. The number that occurs most often in a set of data is called .

a. mode c. variance
b. standard deviation d. quartile

8. In a 70 – item test, Diane got a score of 50 which is the third quartile, this means
that:

a. she got the highest score

b. her score is higher than 25% of her classmates.
c. she surpassed 75% of her classmates.
d. 75% of the class did not pass the test.

9. The is the term used for average.

a. range c. median
b. mode d. mean

For numbers 10 – 12, consider the following set of scores: 8, 8, 12, 13, and 14.

10. What is the value of the mean?

a. 11 c. 13
b. 12 d. 14

11. Solve for the median.

a. 10 c. 13
b. 12 d. 8

12. What is the mode?

a. 8 c. 13
b. 12 d. 14

For numbers 13 – 15, given the following set of values 21, 22, 19, 15, 10, 13, 26, find:

13. mean

a. 16 c. 18
b. 17 d. 19

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 14. variance

a. 31.33 c. 32.33
b. 34.33 d. 33.33

15. standard deviation

a. 5.60 c. 3.60
b. 4.60 d. 2.60

What’s In

Directions: Find the median/middle score of the given data points.

MEDIAN/MIDDLE
QUESTION ORDER
SCORE

1.) 16, 24, 8, 12, 19

2.) 13, 5, 2, 10, 8

3.) 4, 1, 1, 6, 5

4.) 15, 32, 53, 27, 11

5.) 89, 38, 94

6.) 75, 29, 12, 17, 15

7.) 73, 91, 56, 24, 14, 17, 10

8.) 67, 13, 121, 86, 55, 132

9.) 115, 142, 173, 129, 156,

181

10.) 257, 366, 400, 305,

286, 182

3
 What’s New
Consider the following sets of scores obtained by two groups of students in a mathematics
quiz.

A 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8
B 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10

Directions: Calculate the following using the given sets of data:

A. Average of the scores Middle score Most occurring score

B. Average of the scores Middle score Most occurring score

These are the other terms for measures of central tendency.

For you to get familiar with other statistical methods, let us continue and learn
together.

What is It

Illustrating Measures of Position, and Other Statistical

Methods in Analyzing and Interpreting Research Data

Statistics has a lot to do with our lives, it provides us with systematic way of
collecting, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data. There is statistics in everything that
we do.

In analysis of data, statistical measures are needed to support the conclusions.

These measures include:
1. Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode.
2. Measures of variability: Range, Standard Deviation, Variance.
3. Measures of position: Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles.

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1. Measures of Central Tendency
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY EXAMPLES
 9, 3,1, 8, 3, 6
a. MEAN – also known as the average of the
Add all the scores then divide by the total number
data, is found by adding all numbers in the data
of data.
set and then dividing by the number of values in
9 + 3 + 1 + 8 + 3 + 6 = 30
the set.
30 ÷ 6 = 5 ∴ the mean is 5
 9, 3, 1, 8, 3, 6
Arrange the set of numbers in ascending order.
Since the number of scores is even, add the two
middle scores then divide by 2.
b. MEDIAN – it is the middle value when a data
1, 3, 3, 6, 8, 9
set is ordered from least to greatest or vice versa.
3 + 6 = 9 ÷ 2 = 4.5 ∴ the median is 4.5
 12, 14, 16, 18, 22
Since the number of scores is odd, the median
here is the middle score which is 16.
 9, 3, 1, 8, 3, 6
c. MODE – it is the number that occurs most
The most common number is 3.
often in a data set.
∴ the mode is 3

2. Measures of Variability
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY EXAMPLES
 The range of the set of scores: 11,
a. RANGE – it is simply defined as the
13, 12, 15.
difference between the highest score and
Range = 15 – 11
lowest score.
Range = 4
x x -x ( x – x)2
2 2 -8 (-6)2 = 36
4 4–8 (-4)2 = 16
7 7–8 (-1)2 = 1
12 12 – 8 (4)2 = 16
15 15 – 8 (7)2 = 49
b. STANDARD DEVIATION – allows us to
∑(𝑥 − 𝑥)2 = 118
immediately compare the spread of different
Solving for mean:
sets of scores and enables us also to
Total sum of the scores is 40 divided by
interpret the scores of a given set of data.
total number of scores which is 5.
40 ÷ 5 = 8 , ∴ the mean is 8
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 118 118
s=√ =√ =√ = √29.5
𝑛−1 5−1 4

s = 5.43
 Variance is the square of standard
c. VARIANCE – it is defined as the quotient deviation. (using the previous
of the sum of the squared deviations from example).
the mean divided by n – 1.  s2 = 118 = 29.50
4

5
3. Measures of Position
MEASURES OF POSITION EXAMPLES
15, 11, 13, 10, 18, 6, 9, 10, 15, 11, and 12
 Arrange the scores in ascending
a. QUARTILES – the score points which order
divide a distribution into four equal parts. 6, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 15, 15, 18
25% of the distribution is the first quartile or  Then locate the position of the score
the lower quartile (Q1), 50% of the in the distribution.
1 1 1
Q1 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ = (11 + 1)= (12) = 3rd
distribution is the second quartile or the 4 4 4
median, and 75% of the distribution is the ∴ the first quartile or the lower quartile is 10,
third quartile or the upper quartile. which is the 3rd position in the given data.
Same procedure for Q2 and Q3.
2 3
Q2 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ ; Q3 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ
4 4
Using the above example:15, 11, 13, 10, 18,
6, 9, 10, 15, 11, and 12
 Arrange the scores in ascending
order
6, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 15, 15, 18
 Then locate the position of the score
b. DECILES – it is the score points that in the distribution.
1 1 1
divide a distribution into ten equal parts. D1 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ = (11 + 1)= (12) =
10 10 10
1.2 or the 1st score.
∴ the first decile is 6, which is the 1st position in
the given data.
Same procedure for all the deciles.
2 3
D2 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ ; D3 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ
10 10
15, 11, 13, 10, 18, 6, 9, 10, 15, 11, and 12
 Arrange the scores in ascending
order
6, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 15, 15, 18
 Then locate the position of the score
c. PERCENTILES – it is the score points in the distribution.
25 25 25
which divide a distribution into one hundred P25 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ = (11 + 1)= (12)
100 100 100
equal parts.
= 3rd
∴ the 25th Percentile is 10, which is the 3rd
position in the given data.
Same procedure for all the percentiles.
45 80
P45 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ ; P80 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ
100 100

To make our analysis easier, we will use only the range as a measure of variability,
and quartiles as the measure of position.

6
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #1:

A school has to select one student to take part in a Mathematics Quiz.

Janrey and Rayver took part in six trial quizzes. The following lists show their scores:

JANREY 29 25 22 26 23 27
RAYVER 34 20 17 32 33 18

Which student would you choose to represent the school?

Step 1: Organize the data properly

 Since the data was presented in table, it can be clearly understood.

Step 2: Determine which statistical method can be used to answer the question.
 To arrive at a good conclusion, compute for the mean and the range of the scores of
each student.

Janrey:
 Mean = 29 + 25 + 22 + 26 + 23 + 27 = 25.33
6
 Range = 29 – 22 = 7

Rayver:
 Mean = 34 + 20 + 17 + 32 + 33 + 18 = 25.67
6
 Range = 34 – 17 = 17

The mean score of Rayver is higher than Janrey. Similarly, the score range of Rayver is
higher than Janrey. Therefore, it is better to choose Rayver to represent the school.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #2:

The test consists of 50 multiple – choice type questions. The scores for the 10
applicants to fill in a senior position were:

26 42 18 6 19
28 34 28 10 24

 Arrange the scores in ascending order.

6, 10, 18, 19, 24, 26, 28, 28, 34, 42

 Find the mean.

6 + 10 + 18 + 19 + 24 + 26+28+28+34+42
= = 23.50
10

 Find the lower quartile (Q1).

1
Q1 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ
4

7
 = 1 (10 + 1)𝑡ℎ
4
= 1 (11)𝑡ℎ
4
= 2.75 = 3𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒, ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝟏𝟖 .
3
 Q3 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ
4
= 3 (10 + 1)𝑡ℎ
4
= 3 (11)𝑡ℎ
4
= 8.25 = 8th score, ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝟐𝟖.

What’s More
Independent Activity 1:

Directions: Identify the following by arranging the jumbled letters. Write your
answers on a separate paper.

1. It is the middle value when a data point is ordered from least to greatest.
DNMIEA

2.) It is defined as the quotient of the sum of the squared deviations from the
mean divided by n-1.
VERAANIC

3.) The score points which divides the distributor into four equal parts.
SUARQTILE

4.) It is simply defined as the difference between the highest and the lowest
score.
EANRG

5.) Also known as the average score.

A E M N

8
Independent Assessment 1:

Directions: Answer each of the following. Write your answers on a separate

paper.

A. The score of 5 students on a test are:

77, 84, 58, 71, 88
Arrange the data in ascending order and find the range of the scores.

B. For the set of values 21, 22, 19, 15, 9, 13, 26, find the following:
a. mean c. variance
b. median d. standard deviation

Independent Activity 2:

Directions: Consider the sets of data. Find the Mean, Median and Mode. Write
your answers on a separate paper.

SET A = 5, 5, 7, 10
SET B = 5, 5, 8, 14, 14, 14
SET C = 5, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 14, 14

DATA MEAN MEDIAN MODE

SET A

SET B

SET C

Independent Assessment 2:

Directions: Complete the table and give what is asked. Write your answers on
a separate paper.

SCORES x- x ∑(x – x ) 2
4
6
10
14
16

9
a. range c. ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥)2 e. variance
b. mean d. standard deviation

Independent Activity 3:

Directions: Find the first quartile, second quartile and third quartile of the.
following sets of points. Write your answers on a separate paper.

1. 1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, 21

Q1 Q2 Q3 _

2. 5, 10, 8, 15, 11, 9, 13, 16, 7, 12

Q1 Q2 Q3 _

3. 87, 109, 79, 80, 96, 95, 90, 96, 98

Q1 Q2 Q3

Independent Assessment 3:

Directions: Refer to given data and answer numbers 1- 5 below. Write your
answers on a separate paper.

A researcher has collected the following sample data:

5 12 6 8 5
6 7 5 12 4

1.) The mid – quartile

2.) The 75th percentile

3.) The 5th decile

4) The lower quartile

5) The 30th percentile

10
 What I Have Learned
Directions: Fill in each blank to make a true statement. Write your answers on a
separate paper.

1.) The is the difference between the largest and smallest value in the
data.
2.) The is the score points which divide a distribution into four equal
parts..
3.) The is the square root of the variance.
4.) The is the number that occurs most often in a data set.
5.) It is defined as the quotient of the sum of the squared deviations from the
mean divided by n – 1. .

What I Can Do
Mr. Santos has to select one student from his class to take part in GI Quiz in their
School’s Foundation Day. Below are the final grades of two of his best students.

Student A Student B
Subject Final Subject Final
Grade Grade
1 86 1 88
2 88 2 88
3 87 3 87
4 84 4 89
5 85 5 89
6 85 6 87

Directions: Calculate the mean and range of the two students. Who between the
two students is best to represent the class of Mr. Santos in GI Quiz?

11
 Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully. On a separate paper, write the letter that
corresponds to your answer in each number.

For numbers 1 – 3, given the following set of values 21, 22, 19, 15, 10, 13, 26, find:

1. mean

a.16 c. 18

b. 17 d. 19

2. variance

a. 31.33 c. 32.33

b. 34.33 d. 33.33

3. standard deviation

a. 5.60 c. 3.60

b. 4.60 d. 2.60

For numbers 4 - 5, use the set of scores: 17, 10, 22, 10, 19, 24, 8, 12, and 19.

4. What is the median score of the given set?

a. 15 c. 13
b. 16 d. 17

5. What is the range?

a. 14 c. 15
b. 20 d. 16

6. The median score is also the .

a. 50th percentile
b. 3rd decile
c. 6th decile
d. 3rd quartile
7. The lower quartile is equal to .
a. 3rd quartile
b. 2nd decile
c. 25th percentile
d. 50th percentile

12
 8. The mean score in an exam given to 25 students is 70. What is the sum of the 25
exam scores?

a. 950 c. 1750
b. 700 d. 1650

9. The difference between the greatest and the least number in a set of data is
called .

a. range
b. quartile
c. decile
d. variance

10. The number that occurs most often in a set of data is called .

a. mode c. variance
b. standard deviation d. quartile

11. In a 70 – item test, Diane got a score of 50 which is the third quartile, this means
that:

a. she got the highest score

b. her score is higher than 25% of her classmates.
c. she surpassed 75% of her classmates.
d. 75% of the class did not pass the test.

12. The is the term used for average.

a. range c. median
b. mode d. mean

For numbers 13 – 15, consider the following set of scores: 8, 8, 12, 13, and 14.

13. What is the value of the mean?

a. 11 c. 13
b. 12 d. 14

14. Solve for the median.

a. 10 c. 13
b. 12 d. 8

15. What is the mode?

a. 8 c. 13
b. 12 d. 14

13
 Additional Activities

Ms. Guballa, a Math teacher in PBNHS,

asked one of her Grade 10 student to
randomly get the ages of 10 of his
classmates. Below is the data that he
gathered.
After getting the ages, Ms. Guballa told
her students to calculate Q3, D5, P25.

Name Age Name Age

Janrey 12 Edhene 15
Rayver 15 Louricz 13
Raymark 13 Dana 14
Edson 14 Maria 13
Enzo 11 Krianna 10

14
Answer Key

15
 References

Callanta, Melvin et. al. Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Module. First Edition.
Philippines: Rex Book Store. 2015

Oronce, Orlando and Mendoza, Marilyn E-Math Worktext. Revised Edition. Rex
Bookstore, Inc. 2019

16
 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]