Good Morning Everyone!
Teachers for Today:
Dan Kier Tugade
Darielyn Pantaleon
Ellaine Sorbito
Emm Ramos
Hyra Gono
Lyca Reyes
Ppt maker:Ester Mabini
What's the Fact
Mechanics of the Game:
1. Read the following
choices inside the shapes
shown in the screen
2. The participants will
choose what is the fact in
the given information
3. Write the shape in the chat
box that you think is the
right answer.
The Spouse
The
The author poem is
of poem The poem is is
about the made up of five
"The superiorit
Spouse" is metered and
y of a rhymed stanzas
Luis Dato woman
The Spouse
The
The author poem is
of poem The poem is is
about the made up of five
"The superiorit
Spouse" is metered and
y of a rhymed stanzas
Luis Dato woman
The Spouse
The
The author poem is
of poem The poem is is
about the made up of five
"The superiorit
Spouse" is metered and
y of a rhymed stanzas
Luis Dato woman
My Father Goes to
Court
The
The two
narrator of
families
the story is
came from
a four
the wealthy
years old
family
child
My Father Goes to
Court
The
The two
narrator of
families
the story is
came from
a four
the wealthy
years old
family
child
My Father Goes to
Court
The two The
families narrator of
came from the story is
the wealthy a four
family years old
child
The Wedding Dance
It is written
by Rafael Awiyao and
Zukueta de Lumnay
Costa had two
children
The Wedding Dance
It is written
by Rafael Awiyao and
Zukueta de Lumnay
Costa had two
children
The Wedding Dance
It is written
by Rafael Awiyao and
Zukueta de Lumnay
Costa had two
children
Like The Molave
The poet
outlines how
the
Philippines is Talks about the
independent heroes and
and compete how they
with other inspire regular
nation Filipinos
Like The Molave
The poet
outlines how
the
Philippines is Talks about the
independent heroes and
and compete how they
with other inspire regular
nation Filipinos
Like The Molave
The poet
outlines how
the
Philippines is Talks about the
independent heroes and
and compete how they
with other inspire regular
nation Filipinos
The Dead Star's
Carmen is
the mother
Carmen’s
of Alfredo
Salas brother is
Vincent
The Dead Star's
Carmen is
the mother
Carmen’s
of Alfredo
Salas brother is
Vincent
The Dead Star's
Carmen is
the mother
Carmen’s
of Alfredo
Salas brother is
Vincent
Footnote to Youth
Dudong
asserts his Teang
supposed secretly
maturity and regretted
marries being married
Teang at the at an early
age of 19 age
Footnote to Youth
Dudong
asserts his Teang
supposed secretly
maturity and regretted
marries being married
Teang at the at an early
age of 19 age
Footnote to Youth
Dudong
asserts his Teang
supposed secretly
maturity and regretted
marries being married
Teang at the at an early
age of 19 age
Under US Colonialism
American Occupation (1898-1946)
By the Treaty of Paris, signed in December 1898,
Spain ceded the Philippine Islands to the United States.
Contrary to Filipino expectations, America began to
make plans for the government of the country. The
Americans knew that the small group of revolutionary
leaders and budding statesmen in the Philippines had
had little or no political or administrative experience.
And they considered the Filipino people, lacking
education and political training, were by no means ready
They did not favor replacing Spanish
domination with a form of Filipino
autocracy. Before self-government could
have any meaning here, they thought a
period of economic and political
development, of education for democracy,
was necessary. And, as already suggested,
mixed up with this altruism was a large
element of private self-interest, of
The Middle Period
Philippine literary production during the American Period in the
Philippines was spurred by two significant developments in education
and culture. One is the introduction of free public instruction for all
children of school age and two, the use of English as medium of
instruction in all levels of education in public schools. The use of
English as medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to Anglo-American
modes of thought, culture and life ways that would be embedded not
only in the literature produced but also in the psyche of the country’s
educated class. It was this educated class that would be the wellspring
of a vibrant Philippine Literature in English.
Features of Philippine Literature Under
American Regime
Spanish and Tagalog and the Vernaculars
were the languages used in writing during the
first years in American period, but Spanish
and Tagalog were the predominated language.
In 1910, a new group started to write in
English. Hence, Spanish, Tagalog the
Vernaculars and finally English, were the
Literature After American Period
Many Filipino started writing again and the
nationalism of the people remain undaunted.
Filipino writers went into all forms of literature
like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays,
essays and novels. Their writings clearly
depicted their love of country and their
longings for independence.
Eeekkk!
English Writers
English Poetry
️ Fernando Mamuri Maramág
(Born on January 21, 1893 in Ilagan, Isabela- died
on October 23, 1936) He was an excellent poet and
journalist in English. Enrolled in the UP, he began
writing for the school and managed the school
paper. He became a principal in University of the
Philippines and taught at San Juan de Letran
Works with several Magazines:
• Rising Philippines
• Philippines Herald
• National Weekly
Poem
“To a Youth”
“The Aetheist”
“Moonlight on Manila Bay”
Other writers that pioneered English
Poetry:
Juan F. Salazar
Jose M. Hernandez
Vicente del Fierro
Francisco M. Africa
Victoriano Yamzon.
Essayists (Editorial)
Carlos P. Romulo (1899-1985)
A Filipino diplomat,
statesman, soldier, journalist
and author. He was a
reporter at the age of 16, a
newspaper editor by the
age of 20, and a publisher
at 32.
Notable works:
Being True to Oneself
I Am a Filipino
Other writers characterized by their
sobriety, substance, and structure in their
works:
Jorge C. Bocobo
Mauro Mendez
Vicente Hilario
01
Informal Essays
Francisco B. Icasiano
Francisco Icasiano was a Filipino
author who also went by the more
extended name of Francisco "Mang
Kiko" Bayan Icasiano. Amongst his
first literary works were a series of
essays written in the Sunday Tribune
Magazine.
Notable works: Other informal essayist:
From My Nipa Hut Ignacio Manlapaz
(series of essays) Godefredo Rivera
The World in a Train Federico Mangahas
(the most famous essay Salvador P. Lopez
from ‘From My Nipa Jose Lansang
Hut) Amando G. Dayrit
Novel
Zoilo Galang
Author of A Child of Sorrow, which was
the first novel (in the Philippines) in
English, published in 1921. He learned
typing and stenography in English and
Spanish all by himself.
Notable works:
A Child of Sorrow, Nadia, For Dreams
Must Die and Springtime
Short Stories
Paz Marquez Benitez
Author of Dead Stars, which stand
out as a model of perfection in
character delineation, local color,
plot and message. She was a teacher
at the University of the Philippines,
where she taught short-story writing
and became an influential figure to
numerous Filipino writers in the
Problems Encountered by
Filipino Writers in
Transition
The English Language
Learning English required native students to
suppress their vernacular language Stilted,
Artificial and Unnatural Style
Due to the transition and new implementation of
the English language, Filipino Writers were
forced to imitate American and British models
in creating literary works. This is unfortunate
since it didn’t truly capture the essence of a
Lacks Vitality and
Spontaneity
Filipino writers had a hard time in
creating or translating topics that they
can implement in English Writing. As
only few are adept in the English
Language and their tendency to imitate
foreign culture, it doesn’t come to a
surprise that they produce lackluster
Readings
Luis G. Dato (1906-1985)
He was a Filipino poet, writer, educator
and politician from Baao, Camarines Sur. He
was one of the first Filipinos to write and
publish works in English. Among his poems
are “The Spouse”, “Day on the Farm” and
“Among the Hills”. In 1927, his “Mi Ultimo
Pensamiento” was the first good English
translation, in rhymes, of José Rizal’s “Mi
último adiós”.
The spouse
Analysis
The poem is written by Luis Dato in
English. It speaks about the great
passion for love but suppressed by
some intervening circumstances such
as performing or fulfilling one’s
responsibility inherent to the act of
loving.
Carlos Sampayan Bulosan (1911-1956)
He was a Filipino
American author, poet, and
activist. A chronicler of the
Filipino American experience
during the 1930s - early 1950s,
he is best remembered for his
semi-fictional, semi-
autobiographical novel America
Is In the Heart (1946) — a staple
in American Ethnic Studies and
Father Goes to Court
Father Goes To Court was written
by Carlos Bulusan. It was about the two
different families and how they are living
their lives. The family of the narrator was
the poor. The poor family is living
happily and healthy while on the other
hand is the rich family who is living
without social life.
Analysis
“My Father Goes to Court” points to the
economic divide between the rich and poor.
The rich man in the story grew envious of
Bulosan and his family’s ability to procure a
healthy life despite struggling in poverty by
enjoying spending time under the sun sharing
laughter. The story also serves as the
beginning parable on how Bulosan learned to
Amador Daguio (1912-1966)
He was a Filipino writer and
poet during pre-war
Philippines. He published
two books in his lifetime,
and three more
posthumously. He was a
Republic Cultural Heritage
The Wedding Dance
"The Wedding Dance" by Amador Daguio is a
short story about a husband and wife,
Awiyao and Lumnay, who had been married
for seven years. In spite of being in love with
his wife, Awiyao feels the need to marry
again to have a son. At his second marriage
celebration, Awiyao goes to check on
Lumnay, knowing she is upset.
Analysis
The Wedding Dance The Wedding Dance tells
the reader “that there could be a conflict
between your personal love and love for one’s
people (tribe) and culture, and in some cases
culture prevails.” The story clearly
demonstrates how their culture prevents
Lumnay and Awiyao from loving each other
and living together as husband and wife.Their
Rafael Zulueta da Costa (1915-1990)
He is a Filipino poet. He
uses the name R. Zulueta da
Costa as a writer, and Rafael
Zulueta as a businessman. He
was a graduate of De La Salle
College (now University)
where he specialized in
business administration. He
Like The Molave - poem
by/Rafael Zulueta da Costa
Not yet, Rizal, not yet. Sleep not in peace:
There are a thousand waters to be spanned;
there are a thousand mountains to be crossed;
there are a thousand crosses to be borne.
Our shoulders are not strong; our sinews are
grown flaccid with dependence, smug with ease
under another's wing. Rest not in peace;
Not yet, Rizal, not yet.
Not yet,Rizal,not yet. The glory hour will come
Out of the silent dreaming
from the seven thousand fold silence
We shall emerge, saying WE ARE FILIPINOS!
and no longer be ashamed
sleep not in peace
the dream is not yet fully carved
hard the wood but harder the woods
yet the molave will stand
yet the molave monument will rise
and god's walk on brown legs
Analysis
The main interpretation of the
Filipino poem Like The Molave is one
regarding how the people of
the Philippines must work to make the
nation stronger. The poem states that a
region of the
Philippines - Rizal - cannot yet rest, as
there is still much work to be done to
make the area
Paz Márquez Benítez (1894-1983)
She authored the first Filipino
modern English-language short story,
Dead Stars, published in the Philippine
Herald in 1925. Born into the prominen
Márquez family of Quezón province,
she was among the first generation of
Filipinos trained in the American
education system which used English as
Dead Stars
The short story
revolves around one
man, Alfredo Salazar
and the affairs of his
heart. He is a man who
believes in true love
and hopes to find bliss
in its wake. The first
woman he falls in love
Their families are acquainted with each
other and they thus they begin a passionate
relationship. But soon it fades away when Alfredo
comes across another woman, Julia, who becomes
the object of his desire.
Esperanza and Alfredo have their engagement
after three years of romance. Alfredo, a lawyer is a
man who wants warmth and compassion but
Esperanza is a strong-willed, impassionate and
So when he comes across Julia Salas, sister-in-
law of the Judge who is a friend of Alfredo’s
father. He is strongly attracted to her. Julia is an
enthusiastic and optimistic person. A woman of
hope, dreams and desires.
On his visit with his father, he starts engaging in
profound chats with Julia and starts getting
attracted to her charm, wit and passion. In his
impassioned state, he does not even disclose the
In order to avoid the scrutiny of his fiancée, he
starts keeping secrets from Esperanza too.
One day he learns about Julia’s return to her
hometown. His eyes are doomed with the fear
of losing her and he decides to confess his
guilt and true feelings to Julia.
After the Church’s function, he goes to meet
her even though his fiancée is waiting for him
to come to her. However, reaching to Julia,
he realizes that she has already learned about
his lies. She even wishes him best on his
He gets a double blow when he returns home to
Esperanza. She is talking to a friend about loyalty
and faithfulness. Alfredo feels an urge to speak.
He defends the cause of desire and choice over
immorality.
This gets under the skin of Esperanza who
declares that she knew about him and Julia. She
encourages him to commit such immoral
infidelity and cancel the wedding, all in pursuit of
Questions !
1. Now that you've read the text, what does dead star
symbolize in the story? Does it have any significance?
2. Why do you think Alfredo married Esperanza in the
end? What made him choose her instead of Julia?
3. Are there any moments in the story that made an
impact on you? Try to give an example and elaborate.
Analysis
The ‘Dead Stars’ represent a presence that is
unrecognized. It speaks of emotions and
relationships that may exist but are not realized and
lose their real meaning and significance.
In the story, the attraction between Alfredo and Julia
is a forbidden and taboo phenomenon. They both
felt is to be real but never accepted their mutual
attraction nor confessed it. They wilted to the social
However, the truth remains that they never
intently examined their sentiments and
relationship. Therefore, when they reunite after
eight years they do not have the same passion for
each other.
Their emotions became a transient and fleeting
occurrence, much like the stars that are left as
relics of their old glory and shine. These stars are
dormant and the fire within them is vanquished
but they remain as obtrusive reminders of their
tangible existence.
Jose Garcia Villa (1908–1997)
He was a Filipino
poet, writer, and critic.
He used the pen name
“Doveglion,” which was
a combination of the
words “dove,” “eagle,”
and “lion” and was what
he believed was his true
persona.
Footnote to Youth
In this story, we come across such a young
pair of Dudong and Teang. They are
completely enamoured with each other and
want to tie the wedding knot even though
they are still teenagers.
Dudong is adamant in his pursuit of Teang
who happens to have another suitor, Lucio.
He is much older and well settled in his life.
Dudong is adamant in his pursuit of Teang
who happens to have another suitor, Lucio.
He is much older and well settled in his life.
But Teang follows her heart and chooses
Dudong.
Dudong has a hard time convincing his father
about his decision to marry. He wants his son
to weigh all the pros and cons and then make
an informed decision. However, Dudong is
In the end, they both get married and begin a
hopeful journey together. The next year
Teang gives birth to their first child. This
reality hits them hard. They are teen parents
and realize the enormity of their
responsibility. Taking care of children and
building a family is a serious thing. In the
next seven years, their family grows to a
total of nine with seven kids.
Teang now regrets her decision especially looking at Lucio
who is still childless (after marrying another girl). She
wonders if she would have the same fate if she had picked
Lucio. But she dismisses such fleeting thought. Both of
them are still devoted to each other and their large family.
After some years, fate reverses time and now their firstborn,
Blas comes to them with the same desire. He, still a
teenager wants to marry the girl of his dreams, Tena.
Dudong realizes how history is repeating itself and warns
Blas about the consequences of such a massive decision.
However, like father like son, he ends up following the
Analysis
The story symbolizes youth as
overzealous and emotional. It is an age
of rash decisions and unstoppable
desires. On the other hand, marriage
and middle age are symbolized with
responsibilities, anxiety and regrets.
The family structure is designed to
alleviate such anxiety and build a
platform for mutual understanding and
Thanks
!
Learning Resources
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-
3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-
sca/literary-arts/philippine-literature-during-the-
american-period/
e
http://panitikan.ph/2014/06/07/fernando-mamuri-
maramag/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carlos-P-Romulo
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43553585
https://dbpedia.org/page/Luis_Dato
https://stephentalla.luisgdato.com/2020/10/the-spouse-
analysis-2/
https://literaryanalysisphillit.weebly.com/my-father-goes-to-
court.html
https://peoplepill.com/people/amador-daguio
https://www.storyboardthat.com/lesson-plans/wedding-dance-
by-amador-daguio
https://alchetron.com/R-Zulueta-da-Costa
https://aboutphilippines.org/files/Like-The-Molave.pdf
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5751186.Paz_Marq
uez_Benitez
https://poets.org/poet/jose-garcia-villa
https://englishsummary.com/footnote-to-youth-summary-by-
jose-garcia-villa/
