LacanColumbia75 Bilingual
LacanColumbia75 Bilingual
Lacan: Conférences et entretiens dans des universities nord‐américaines
Translation by Jack W. Stone Translation is by Adrian Price with
Russell Grigg
(42)
(42)LE SYMPTOME THE SYMPTOM [The Symptom]
Dans l’analyse, il y a quand même, In analysis, there are nonetheless, In analysis, there are nonetheless,
it must be said, certain results.
il faut le dire, certains résultats. Ce it must be said, certain results
n’est pas toujours ce qu’on attend They are not always what one They are not always what we
: c’est parce qu’on a tort expects: because one is wrong to expect; and this is because we are
d’attendre, c’est ce qui fait la expect, which is what makes it wrong to expect, which is the
difficulté d’être analyste. Les difficult to be an analyst. I have difficulty of being an analyst. I
tried to specify something about
analystes, j’ai essayé d’en spécifier tried to spell out something about
quelque chose que j’ai dénommé analysts that I have named analysts, which I called the
le discours analytique analytic discourse. “analytic discourse.”
Le discours analytique existe parce Analytic discourse exists because it The analytic discourse exists
que c’est l’analysant qui le tient… is the analysand who sustains it (le because it’s the analysand who
1
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
heureusement. Il a l’heur (h‐e‐u‐r), tient) . . . fortunately supports it. . . fortunately. His
l’heur qui est quelques fois un (heureusement). He has the heur fortune – the fortune that is
bon‐heur, d’avoir rencontré un (h‐e‐u‐r), the heur, which is sometimes his good fortune, the
analyste. Ça n’arrive pas toujours. sometimes a bon‐heur,1 to have good fortune of having met an
Souvent l’analyste croit que la met an analyst. This doesn't analyst. This doesn’t always
pierre philosophale – si je puis dire always happen. Often the analyst happen. Analysts often believe
– de son métier, ça consiste à se believes the philosopher's stone‐‐if that the philosopher’s stone of his
taire. Ce que je dis là, c’est bien I can say this‐‐of his profession trade, as it were, consists in
connu. C’est tout de même un consists of remaining silent. I remaining silent. What I’m saying
tort, une déviation, le fait que des happen to do what are called is well known. Even so, it’s wrong,
analystes parlent peu. Il arrive que supervisions. I don't know why a deviation, that analysts should
je fasse ce qu’on appelle des they call it supervision. It’s a speak so little. As it happens, I
supervisions. Je ne sais pas super‐audition. I mean, it is very conduct what are known as
pourquoi on a appelé ça surprising that one might, in “supervisions.” I don’t know why it
supervision. C’est une super‐ hearing what a practitioner has came to be called supervision. It’s
audition. Je veux dire qu’il est très told you‐‐surprising, that through a super‐audition. I mean it’s very
surprenant qu’on puisse, à what he says to you, you can have surprising that on hearing what a
entendre ce que vous a raconté un a representation of the one who is practioner has told you, through
praticien‐ surprenant qu’à travers in analysis, the analysand. This is a what he tells you, you can form a
ce qu’il vous dit on puisse avoir new dimension. I will soon speak representation about the person
une représentation de celui qui est of this fact, the dit‐mension, which in analysis, who is an analysand.
en analyse, qui est analysant. C’est I write not at all as one usually It’s a new dimension. I’ll speak
une nouvelle dimension. Je writes it in French. The best thing shortly about this fact, the dit‐
parlerai toute à l’heure de ce fait, for me to do is to make an effort mension that I don’t spell exactly
la dit‐mension que je n’écris pas and show you how I write it: as it is usually spelled in French.
tout à fait comme on l’écrit TN.1 Happiness or good luck. The best thing would be for me to
d’habitude en français. Le mieux, go to the effort of showing you
c’est que je fasse un effort et que how I spell it
je vous montre comment je l’écris
:
dit‐mension dit‐mension dit‐mension
C’est comme ça que je l’écris… dit‐ That's how I write it . . . dit‐ That’s how I spell it–dit‐mension ‐‐
mension…, mention, c’est‐à‐dire – mension . . . which is to say‐‐in mention/mansion, that is, in
en anglais, ça se comprend – English, this is understood‐‐ English, I mean mention, the place
mention, l’endroit où repose un mention, the place where a said where un dit, a saying resides.
dit. (dit) reposes.
(43)Alors, l’analyste, quand même, (43) So the analyst, nonetheless, has So , nevertheless, an analyst does
a des choses à dire. Il a des choses some things to say. He has some have things to say. He has things
2
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
à dire à son analysant, à celui qui, things to say to his analysand, to to say to his analysand, to the one
tout de même, n’est pas là pour the one who, all the same, is not who, all the same, hasn’t come
s’affronter au simple silence de there to encounter the simple along simply to be confronted by
l’analyste. Ce que l’analyste a à silence of the analyst. What the his analyst’s silence. What the
dire est de l’ordre de la vérité. Je analyst has to say is of the order of analyst has to say belongs to the
ne sais pas si vous avez de la vérité the truth. I don't know if you have order of truth. I don’t know
quelque chose de très sensible. Je much of a sense of the truth (de la whether you get anything very
veux dire : si vous avez une idée de vérité quelque chose de très tangible with truth, I mean –
ce que c’est que la vérité. Tout sensible). I mean: if you have an whether you have an idea of what
discours implique au moins une idea of what the truth is. Every truth is. Every discourse implies at
place qui est celle de la vérité. Ce discourse implies at least one least one place that is the place of
que j’appelle discours est en place that is that of the truth. truth.[8] What I call a discourse is
référence avec un lien social. What I call discourse is in in reference to a social bond.
L’analyse est de cet ordre. À ceci reference to a social link. Analysis Analysis is of this order. With the
près que, comme elle est toute is of this order. Except that, since qualification that, as it’s quite
neuve, parce que, après tout, elle it is wholly new, because, after all, new, because after all, it doesn’t
ne date pas de si longtemps, elle it doesn't date back such a long go back all that far, it comprises a
comporte un pacte. Un analysant time, it involves a pact. An pact. An analysand knows that the
sait que l’analyste l’attendra un analysand knows that the analyst analyst will expect him so many
certain nombre de fois par will expect him a certain number times a week and that, in principle,
semaine et en principe il doit s’y of times a week and in principle he is required to attend.
rendre. Sinon, l’analyste – même the analysand must be there. If Otherwise, the analyst – even if he
s’il n’est pas venu – réclamera des not, the analyst‐‐even if the doesn’t come—will demand his
honoraires. Naturellement, ça analysand does not come‐‐will fee. Naturally, this implies that the
implique que l’analyste aussi a des demand some fees. Naturally, this analyst has his duties, too. He has
devoirs. Il doit être là. La vérité, à implies that the analyst also has to be there. When does truth
partir de quand ça commence‐t‐il some duties. He must be there. begin?
? The truth, when does this begin?
Ça commence à partir du moment It begins from the moment when It begins when you start to use
où on emploie des phrases. La one makes use of sentences. The sentences. A sentence is an act of
phrase, c’est un dire. Et ce dire, sentence is a saying (dire). And this saying [un dire]. And this act of
c’est le dire de la vérité. saying is the saying of the truth. saying is one of saying the truth.
J’ai quelque part – pas seulement Somewhere I have‐‐not only said, Somewhere I said—not just said
dit, mais écrit, il y a une nuance… il but written, that there is a nuance but wrote, There is a nuance….
y a plus qu’une nuance, il y a une . . . there is more than a nuance, There’s more than a nuance;
montagne entre le dire et l’écrit. there is a mountain between the there’s a mountain between
La preuve, c’est que les gens se saying and the written. The proof saying and writing. The proof is
croient beaucoup plus sûrs d’une is that people believe themselves that people consider themselves
promesse quand ils ont ce qu’on a lot more sure of a promise when much more confident of a promise
3
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
appelle un papier. Un papier qui they have what one calls a paper. when it’s in writing. As in a note
est une reconnaissance de dette, A paper that acknowledges a debt, that is an “IOU”, for instance. This
par exemple. Ce papier, ça donne for example. This paper gives note lends support to the truth of
support à la vérité de la promesse. support to the truth of the the promise. It would be hard to
On voit mal quelqu’un dire : « Cet promise. It looks bad for someone imagine someone saying, “That
écrit n’est pas de moi ». En tout to say: "This writing is not mine." note isn’t mine.” In any case,
cas, c’est à partir de ce moment‐là In any case, this is when some that’s when the experts step in,
qu’interviennent des expertises, à expertises intervene, handwriting namely the grapholgists who say,
savoir des graphologues qui disent analysts who say: "Yes, this is “Yes that’s the same handwriting
: « Oui, c’est bien cette écriture‐là indeed his writing (cette écriture‐ alright,” which proves that writing
», ce qui prouve qu’une écriture a là)," which proves that a writing also has something individual
aussi quelque chose d’individuel. also has something individual about it. But writing hasn’t always
Mais l’écriture n’a pas toujours about it. But writing has not existed. Before hand, there was
existé. Avant, il y avait la tradition always existed. Before, there was the oral tradition. This didn’t
orale. Ça n’empêchait pas que des oral tradition. This did not prevent prevent things from being
choses se transmettent de voix à things from being transmitted transmitted from mouth to mouth.
voix. L’origine du principe de la from voice to voice. This is the The origin of the principle of
poésie, c’est ça. origin of the principle of poetry. poetry lies there.
J’ai énoncé un certain nombre de I have made a certain number of I’ve stated a number of points
points sur ce qu’il en est de la points about what there is of the about what truth is. It’s a
vérité. C’est soutenable de dire truth. It is sustainable to say that defensible proposition to say that
que la vérité a une structure de the truth has a structure of fiction. truth has the structure of fiction.
fiction. C’est ce qu’on appelle It is what we normally call myth‐‐a This is what is normally called
normalement le mythe – lot of truths have a mythic “myth” – many truths have a
beaucoup de vérités ont une existence‐‐this is indeed why one mythical existence – it is precisely
existence mythique –, c’est bien cannot exhaust it, say it all. Which for this reason that truth cannot
en cela qu’on ne peut pas I have said in this form: there is be exhausted, that the whole truth
l’épuiser, la dire toute. Ce que j’ai only a half‐saying (mi‐dire) of the cannot be said. This is what I
énoncé sous cette forme : de la truth. One says the truth as one stated in the following form –
vérité, il n’y a que mi dire. La can, which is to say, in part. It is truth can only be half said. One
vérité, on la dit comme on peut, only in this way that(44) it presents speaks the truth as best one can,
c’est‐à‐dire en partie. Seulement itself, presents itself as a whole that is, in part. It is just that in the
tel que ça se (44)présente, ça se (tout). way it presents itself, it presents
présente comme un tout. itself as a whole.
Et c’est bien là que gît la difficulté : And it is indeed there that lodges And that’s precisely where the
c’est qu’il faut faire sentir à celui the difficulty: it is that one must difficulty lies – it’s that you have to
qui est en analyse que cette vérité make felt to the one who is in make the one who is in analysis
n’est pas toute, qu’elle n’est pas analysis that this truth is never sense that this truth is not whole,
vraie pour tout le monde, qu’elle whole, that it is not true for that it’s not true for everyone, that
n’est pas – c’est une vieille idée – everyone, that it is not‐‐this is an it isn’t – this is an old idea –that it
qu’elle n’est pas générale, qu’elle old idea‐‐that it is not general, that isn’t general, that it’s not valid for
4
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
ne vaut pas pour tous. Comment it does not hold (vaut) for everyone. How is such a thing as
cette chose est‐elle possible, qu’il everyone. How is it possible that that there are analysts possible?
y ait des analystes ? La chose n’est there are analysts? The thing is The thing is only possible due to
possible que du fait que only possible because the the fact that the analysand is
l’analysant reçoit cognition – si on analysand receives cognition‐‐if made aware – as it were – of a
peut dire – d’observer une règle, one can say this‐‐from observing a rule to be observed, to say only
de ne dire que ce qu’il peut avoir à rule, to only say what he can have what he might have to say, only
dire, que ce qui lui tient à cœur to say, what he bears in his heart what is close to his heart, as we
comme on dit en français. Ce qui (tient à cœur) as we say in French. say. This echoes –but it’s not
est faire écho, mais ce n’est pas This is to echo‐‐but it is not because a thing is an echo that it is
parce qu’une chose est un écho because a thing is an echo that it is singled out – this echoes a very old
qu’elle est spécifiée, ce qui est specified‐‐this is to echo a very old idea of what the center of the
faire écho à une très vieille idée de idea of what was the center of the being known as human used to be,
ce qui était le centre de l’être dit being called human‐‐what one the one they used to call
humain – celui qu’on appelait called anthropos: the center was anthropos. The center was the
anthropos : le centre, c’était cœur the heart‐‐tumos‐‐that is at least heart –thumos –at the very least
– tumos –, c’est comme ça tout au how it was designated; beneath that’s how it used to be
moins que ça se désignait ; ce qui the heart was the epitumean. But designated. What you had on your
était sous le cœur, c’était this conception gave man a [9] chest in your heart, was
épitumien. Mais c’était une privilege. There were two kinds of epithumia. But it was a conception
conception qui donnait à l’homme men: those specified as being from that gave man a privilege. There
un privilège. Il y avait deux a polis‐‐ . . . lambda, iota, sigma‐‐ were two kinds of man. The one
espèces d’hommes : celui qui se as being citizens, who alone were who was specified as being from a
spécifiait d’être d’une polis –… human beings in the full sense (de polis (π,ό,λ,ι,ς), as being a citizen –
lambda, iota, sigma – d’être un plein droit). Of course, all this is a he alone was a human being who
citoyen, celui‐là seul était un être bit muddled. It nonetheless enjoyed full rights. Of course, all
humain plein de droit. Bien sûr, remains the case that through this has become blurred. It is still
tout ceci s’est brouillé. Il n’en reste different structures the relation the case, however, that the
pas moins qu’à travers les called political continues to exist. relationship known as political
structures différentes la relation It exists, all the same, more solidly goes on existing throughout the
dite politique continue d’exister. than any other relation. different structures. It exists more
Elle existe tout de même plus solidly than any other,
solidement que tout autre. nevertheless.
J’ai frayé le chemin à quelque I have cleared the path for I’ve opened the way to something
chose que j’ai appelé le dire de la something I have called the saying I’ve called “the saying of the
vérité. L’analyste a averti, avant of the truth. The analyst has truth.” Before the candidate went
que le postulant entre en analyse, warned, before the postulant into analysis, the analyst informed
il a averti qu’il devait tout dire. enters into analysis, he has him that he would have to say
Qu’est‐ce que veut dire « tout dire warned him that he must say everything. What does it mean to
» ? Ça ne peut pas avoir du sens. everything (tout dire). What does say everything? It doesn’t make
Ça ne peut vouloir dire que dire "say everything" mean? This sense . It can only only mean “Say
5
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
n’importe quoi. En fait, c’est ce qui cannot have meaning (du sens). any old thing whatever.” In point
se passe. C’est par là qu’on entre This can only mean to say no of fact, that’s what happens. It’s
en analyse. L’étrange, c’est qu’il se matter what. In fact, this is what how you enter into analysis. The
passe quelque chose qui est de happens. This is how one enters strange thing is that something in
l’ordre d’une inertie, d’une analysis. The strange thing is that the order of an inertia ,a
polarisation, d’une orientation. something happens on the order polarization, an orientation occurs.
L’analysant (si l’analyse, ça of an inertia, a polarization, an The analysand – if the analysis is
fonctionne, ça avance) en vient à orientation. The analysand (if the functioning, if it’s moving forward
parler d’une façon de plus en plus analysis functions, advances) – comes to speak in an
centrée, centrée sur quelque comes to speak in a more and increasingly focused way, focused
chose qui depuis toujours more centered way, centered on on something that has always
s’oppose à la polis (au sens de something that has always been stood in opposition to the polis –
cité), c’est savoir sur sa famille opposed to the polis (in the sense in the sense of the city – and that
of the town), a knowledge about
particulière. L’inertie qui fait qu’un is, namely, one’s own particularly
sujet ne parle que de papa ou de his particular family. The inertia family. This inertia that means that
maman est quand même une that makes a subject only speak of a subject only ever speaks about
curieuse affaire. À dire n’importe mama or papa is nonetheless a mum or dad is nevertheless a
quoi, il est curieux que cette pente curious business. In saying no strange business. It’s strange that
se suive, que ça fasse, ça finisse matter what, it is curious that this this tendency should ensue, that
par faire comme l’eau, par faire inclination (pente) is followed, that this should happen, that it should
rivière, rivière de retour à ce par this acts, this ends up acting like end up behaving like water,
quoi on tient à sa famille, c’est à water, by making itself a river, a making a river, a river of return to
dire par l’enfance. On peut dire river of return to what holds one that by which one clings to one’s
que là s’explique le fait que to one's family, which is to say, family, namely, childhood. It may
l’analyste n’intervient que d’une one's childhood. We could say that be said that this explains the fact
vérité particulière, parce qu’un this explains the fact that the that an analyst only intervenes by
enfant n’est (45)pas un enfant analyst only intervenes from a way of a particular truth, because
abstrait. Il a eu une histoire et une particular truth, because the child a child is not an abstract child. He
(45)
histoire qui se spécifie de cette is not an abstract child. He has has a history, and a history that is
particularité : ce n’est pas la même had a history and a history specified by this particularity. It’s
chose d’avoir eu sa maman et pas specified by this particularity: it is not the same thing to have had
la maman du voisin, de même not the same thing to have had his your own mum and not your
pour le papa. mama and the mama of his neighbor’s mum. The same goes
neighbor, and it's the same for the for your dad.
papa.
Ce n’est pas du tout ce qu’on croit, A papa is not all what one A dad is not at all what he’s
un papa. Ce n’est pas du tout believes. He is not at all reckoned to be. He’s really not
forcément celui qui, à une femme, necessarily the one who made that necessarily the one who had this
a fait cet enfant‐là. Dans beaucoup child with a woman. In many child with that woman. In many
de cas, il n’y a aucune garantie, cases, there is no guarantee, given cases there’s no guarantee
6
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
étant donné que la femme, après that, after all, many things can whasoever, given that, after all, a
tout, il, peut lui arriver bien des happen to the woman, especially if good many things can happen to a
choses, surtout si elle traîne un she is a little loose (si elle traîne un woman, especially if she gets
peu. C’est pour ça que papa, ce peu). This is why papa is not at all, around a bit. That’s why Dad is
n’est pas du tout, forcément, celui necessarily, the one who is‐‐it really not necessarily the one who,
qui est – c’est le cas de le dire – le must be said‐‐the father in the as it were, is the father in the real
père au sens réel, au sens de real, animal sense. The father is a sense, in the sense of animal life.
l’animalité. Le père, c’est une function that refers to the real, The father is a function that refers
fonction qui se réfère au réel, et ce and this is not necessarily the true to the real, and this is not
n’est pas forcément le vrai du réel. of the real (le vrai du réel). This necessarily the truth of the real.
Ça n’empêche pas que le réel du does not prevent the real of the This doesn’t prevent the real of
père, c’est absolument father from being absolutely the father being absolutely
fondamental dans l’analyse. Le fundamental in analysis. The fundamental in analysis. The
mode d’existence du père tient au father's mode of existence is owed father’s mode of existence stems
réel. C’est le seul cas où le réel est to the real. This is the only case from this real. It’s the only case
plus fort que le vrai. Disons que le where the real is stronger than the where the real is stronger than the
réel, lui aussi, peut être mythique. true. Let us say that the real, too, true. Let’s say that the real, too,
Il n’empêche que, pour la can be mythic. This does not can be mythical. This doesn’t
structure, c’est aussi important prevent it from being as change the fact that, for the
que tout dire vrai. Dans cette important, for structure, as any structure, it is just as important as
direction est le réel. truthful saying (dire vrai). In this any true statement [dire]. The real
direction is the real. lies in this direction.
C’est fort inquiétant. C’est fort It is very disturbing. It is very It’s very worrying. It’s very
inquiétant qu’il y ait un réel qui disturbing that there is a mythic worrying that there is a real that is
soit mythique, et c’est bien pour real, and this is indeed why Freud mythical, and it’s very much for
ça que Freud a maintenu si so strongly maintained the this reason that Freud clung so
fortement dans sa doctrine la function of the father in his strongly to the father’s function in
fonction du père doctrine. his doctrine. [10]
Bon. Jusqu’ici j’ai parlé lentement Well. Up to now I have spoken Well, so far I’ve been speaking
pour que au moins vous entendiez slowly so that you might at least slowly so that you might at least
quelques vérités fondamentales, understand some fundamental hear a few fundamental truths,
mais je dois vous dire ceci : c’est truths, but I must tell you this: but I have to tell you this: as I’ve
que, comme j’enseigne depuis since I have been teaching for a been teaching for an excessively
excessivement longtemps, je ne excessively long time, I no longer long time, I don’t even remember
me souviens même plus de ce que even remember what I said the anymore what I said the first time
j’ai dit la première fois – celle que first time‐‐which you will find round, some twenty‐two years
vous trouverez reproduite dans le reproduced in Seminar I, already ago, which you will find
Séminaire I, paru déjà, il y a published (paru), almost twenty‐ reproduced in Seminar I, and
presque vingt‐deux ans, paru en two years ago, published as a which has already been published
7
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
reproduction de mon séminaire –, reproduction of my seminar‐‐I as a reproduction of my seminar. I
je fais confiance au sténographe, à have confidence in my trust the stenographer, and also
la personne qui a bien voulu être stenographer, the person who the person who was prepared to
sûr de remettre les choses dans very much wanted to be sure to make sure that everything got put
son français à lui, c’est quelqu’un put things in her [his?] own into his own French. He’s very
de très bien, de mon immédiate French; this is a very good person, good, one of my immediate kin,
parenté, qui veut bien faire ce someone closely related to me, and is quite prepared to
travail. who indeed wanted to do this undertake this task.
work.
Ce que j’ai énoncé d’abord What I have stated to begin with What I said at the outset
concernant le dire, le dire de la concerning the saying, the saying concerning saying, the saying of
vérité, c’est la pratique qui nous of the truth, is that it is the truth, has been taught us by our
l’enseigne. Et j’ai amorcé, dans ce practice that teaches it to us. And I practice. And I started, in what I
que je viens d’énoncer, j’ai amorcé have suggested (amorcé), in what I was just stating, I started with this
ceci : c’est que c’est une par‐dit, have stated, I have suggested this: – an analysis is a part‐said, with
une analyse. Une partie entre that this is a par‐said (par‐dit), an parts for someone who speaks,
quelqu’un qui parle, mais qu’on a analysis. A part[y?] (partie) for but who has been informed that
averti que sa parlote avait de (entre) someone who speaks, but his chatter is important [, and an
l’importance. Vous savez il y a des whom one has warned that his analyst]. You know there are
gens à qui on a affaire dans chitchat (parlote) has importance. people one deals with in analysis
l’analyse, avec qui il est dur You know there are people one with whom this is hard to obtain.
d’obtenir ça. Il y en a pour qui dire has to deal with in analysis with There are those for whom saying a
quelques mots ce n’est pas si whom it is hard to obtain this. few words isn’t so easy. It is what
facile. On appelle ça autisme. C’est There are some for whom saying is known as autism. This is easily
vite dit. Ce n’est pas du tout words is not easy. One calls this said. It’s really not necessarily that
forcément ça. autism. This is a bit hastily said. It at all.
is not necessarily that.
C’est simplement des gens pour They are simply people for whom They are simply people for whom
qui le poids des mots est très the weight of words is very (46) the weight of words is very serious
(46)sérieux et qui ne sont pas serious and who are not disposed and who are not easily disposed to
facilement disposés à en prendre à to take their ease with these feeling comfortable with these
leur aise avec ces mots. J’ai words. I sometimes have to words. I sometimes have to
quelquefois à répondre à des cas respond to cases like these with respond to cases like these in that
comme ceux‐là dans cette that famous supervision I just famous supervision I mentioned
fameuse supervision de tout à referred to, which, more simply, earlier, which, more
l’heure que, plus simplement, we call a control in French (which, straightforwardly, we call contrôle
nous appelons en français un of course, does not mean we in French which doesn’t mean of
contrôle (ce qui ne veut pas dire, believe we control anything). Me, course that we think we are
bien sûr, que nous croyons often, in my controls‐‐at the controlling anything. As far as I’m
8
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des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
contrôler rien). Moi, souvent, dans beginning at least‐‐I encourage the concerned, often my contrôles – at
mes contrôles – au début tout au analyst‐‐or he or she who believe least at the beginning – I rather
moins – j’encourage plutôt themselves such‐‐to follow his encourage analysts – or him or her
l’analyste – ou celui ou celle qui se movements instead. I do not think who thinks he or she is one – I
croit tel –, je l’encourage à suivre it is without reason that‐‐not that encourage them to follow their
son mouvement. Je ne pense pas he puts himself in this position; movement. I don’t think it is for no
que ça soit sans raison que – non there is very little control over reason – not that they should put
pas il se mette dans cette position, this‐‐but I think it is not without themselves in this position, that’s
c’est très peu contrôlé – mais je ne reason that someone come to tell very little controlled –but I don’t
pense pas que ça soit sans raison him or her (lui) something simply think it’s for no reason that
que quelqu’un vienne lui raconter in the name of this: that he has someone should come and tell
quelque chose au nom been told that this person was an someone something simply by
simplement de ceci : qu’on lui a dit analyst. It is not without reason, virtue of the fact that he was told
que c’était un analyste. Ce n’est because he expects something this person was an analyst. It’s not
pas sans raison, parce qu’il en from it. Now, it is a question of for no reason, because he expects
attend quelque chose. understanding how what I am to get something from it. And
Maintenant, ce dont il s’agit c’est depicting for you in very broad now, what we have to understand
de comprendre comment ce que strokes can function. is how what I’ve just roughly
je viens là de vous dépeindre à sketched out is able to
très gros traits peut fonctionner.
Fonctionner de façon telle que, Can function in a way that, function in such a way that,
quand même, le lien social nonetheless, the social link nonetheless, the social bond
constitué par l’analyse rebondisse, constituted by analysis might constituted by analysis may
se perpétue. C’est là que j’ai pris rebound, might perpetuate itself. progress and carry on. That’s
parti et que j’ai dit… – dans It is there that I have taken a side where I took a stand and I said – in
quelque chose où, d’un côté, il y a (pris parti) and I have said . . . ‐‐in something where, on the one
quelqu’un qui parle sans le something where, on the one hand, there’s someone who’s
moindre souci de se contredire, et hand, someone speaks without speaking without the slightest
puis, de l’autre, quelqu’un qui ne worrying in the least about concern for self‐contradiction, and
parle pas – puisque, la plupart du contradicting himself, and then, on then, on the other, someone who
temps, il faut bien laisser la parole the other, someone does not doesn’t speak – because, most of
à celui qui est là pour quelque speak‐‐since, most of the time, it is the time, you have to let the
chose ; quand il parle, il est indeed necessary to let the person person who is there for something
supposé dire la vérité, mais pas who is there for something do the speak – when he speaks, he’s
n’importe laquelle, la vérité qu’il talking; when he speaks, he is supposed to say the truth. But not
faut que l’analysant entende. Qu’il supposed to say the truth, not just any old truth; the truth that the
faut que l’analysant entende : any truth, but the truth the analysand must hear. That the
pourquoi ? Pour ce qu’il attend, à analysand has to hear. That the analysand must hear – whatever
savoir d’être libéré du symptôme. analysand has to hear, why? For for? For what he expects, namely,
what he expects, that is, to be to be free of his symptom.
freed of the symptom.
9
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des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
Qu’est‐ce que ça peut supposer What might it suppose that, by a What is implied by the fact that in
que, par dire, quelqu’un soit libéré saying (dire), someone might be speaking someone is freed of his
du symptôme ? Ça suppose que le freed of the symptom? It [11] symptom? It assumes that a
symptôme et cette sorte supposes that the symptom and symptom and this kind of
d’intervention de l’analyste – il me this sort of intervention on the intervention by the analyst – it
semble que c’est le moins qu’on part of the analyst‐‐this seems to seems to me that this is the
puisse avancer – sont du même me the least one can say‐‐are of minimum one can assert – are of
ordre. Le symptôme lui aussi dit the same order. The symptom also the same order. Symptoms also
quelque chose. Il dit, il est une says something to the analyst (lui say something. A symptom says
autre forme de vrai dire et ce aussi dit quelque chose). It says‐‐it something, and it is another form
qu’en somme fait l’analyste, c’est is another form of the truthful of truthful saying. All in all, what
d’essayer de faire un peu plus que saying (vrai dire) and what the this analyst does is try to do a little
de glisser dessus. C’est bien analyst does, in sum, is to try to do more than skip over it. This is
pourquoi l’analyse, la théorie a little more than to gloss (glisser) precisely why analysis, analytic
analytique use d’un terme comme over it. This indeed is why analysis, theory, uses a term like resistance.
résistance. Le symptôme, ça analytic theory, uses a term like Symptoms resist. This is not
résiste, ce n’est pas quelque chose resistance. The symptom, that something that goes away by
qui s’en va tout seul ; mais resists (ça resiste). It is not itself. But to present an analysis as
présenter une analyse comme something that goes away all by being something like a duel would
quelque chose qui serait un duel itself; but presenting an analysis as also be quite contrary to the truth.
est aussi tout à fait contraire à la something on the order of a duel That’s precisely why I’ve tried –
vérité, c’est bien pour ça que j’ai – is also completely contrary to the over time it didn’t come along
avec le temps, ce n’est pas venu truth. This is why I have‐‐with straight away – to construct
tout de suite – essayé de time, it did not come right away‐‐ something that accounts for what
construire quelque chose qui tried to construct something that goes on in an analysis. I don’t have
rende compte de ce qui se passe would account for what happens the slightest “conception of the
dans (47)une analyse. Je n’ai pas la in (47)an analysis. I do not have the world,” as they say. The world is
moindre « conception du monde least "conception of the world," as that charming little shell in the
», comme on dit. Le monde, c’est one says. The world is that center of which one places a
cette charmante petite coquille charming little shell at the center precious stone, that unique thing
dans laquelle on met au centre of which one puts that precious that man is supposed to be. Man is
cette pierre précieuse, cette chose stone, that unique thing that supposed to have – given this
unique que serait l’homme. Il est would be man. It is conceived to scheme of things – these things
censé avoir (étant donné ce have (given this schema) things that palpitate within him – an
schéma) des choses qui palpitent that palpitate in it: an interior inner world. And then the world
en lui : un monde intérieur. Et world. And the world, then, would itself is said to be an outside
puis, le monde, ce serait un be an exterior world. I do not at all world. I really don’t believe that
monde extérieur. Je ne crois pas believe that this suffices. I do not this is adequate. I really don’t
du tout que ça suffise. Je ne crois at all believe there is an interior believe that there is an inner
pas du tout qu’il y ait un monde world that is the reflection of the world that is the reflection of the
intérieur reflet du monde exterior world, or visa‐versa (ni outside world, nor the contrary
10
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des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
extérieur, ni non plus le contraire. non plus le contraire). I have tried either. I’ve tried to formulate
J’ai essayé de formuler quelque to formulate something that some thing that incontestably
chose qui incontestablement incontestably supposes a more presupposes a more complicated
suppose une organisation plus complicated organization. If we organization. If we say – we
compliquée. Si nous disons – nous, say‐‐we analysts‐‐that there is an analysts – that there is an
analystes – qu’il y a un unconscious, this is founded on unconscious, this is based on
inconscient, c’est fondé sur experience. The experience experience. The experience
l’expérience. L’expérience consiste consists of this: from the origin consists in the fact that from the
en ceci, c’est que dès l’origine il y a there has been a relationship with origins there has been a
un rapport avec « lalangue », qui "lalangue," which merits being relationship with lalangue that
mérite d’être appelée, à juste called, quite correctly, maternal deserves to be called, rightly, the
titre, maternelle parce que c’est because it is through the mother mother tongue, because it’s from
par la mère que l’enfant – si je puis that the child‐‐if I can say this ‐‐ the mother that the child, as it
dire – la reçoit. Il ne l’apprend pas. receives it. He does not learn it. were, receives it. He doesn’t learn
Il y a une pente. Il est très He has an inclination toward it. It it. There’s an inclination. It’s
surprenant de voir comment un is very surprising to see how a surprising to see how early on it is
enfant manipule très tôt des child very soon manipulates things that a child handles things as
choses aussi notablement as notably grammatical as the notably grammatical as the use of
grammaticales que l’usage des usage of the words "perhaps" the words maybe or not yet. Of
mots « peut‐être » ou « pas ("peut‐être") or "not yet" ("pas course, he’s heard that, but that
encore ». Bien sûr l’a‐t‐il entendu, encore"). Of course, he has heard he should understand the meaning
mais qu’il en comprenne le sens them, but the fact he understands of it is something that deserves all
est quelque chose qui mérite their meaning is something that our attention.
toute notre attention. merits all of our attention.
Il y a dans le langage quelque In language there is something In language, there is something
chose qui est structuré. Les structured. Linguists enclose that is structured. Linguists
linguistes s’y enclosent, à themselves in this, in manifesting confine themselves to this, making
manifester cette structure qu’on this structure one calls apparent the structure called
appelle grammaticale. Et que grammatical. The fact that the “grammatical.” And that the child
l’enfant y soit si à l’aise, que si tôt child is so at ease with it, that he should be so comfortable in it,
il se familiarise avec l’usage d’une so soon familiarizes himself with that so early on he should
structure qui – ce n’est pas pour the usage of a structure that‐‐it is familiarize himself with the use of
rien qu’on l’y a repérée, mais not for nothing that we have a structrure that – it’s not for
d’une façon élaborée – est ce pinpointed it, but in an elaborated nothing that it was ascertained
qu’on appelle figures de way‐‐one calls figures of rhetoric there, but in an elaborated fashion
rhétorique manifeste qu’on ne lui manifests that one does not teach – is what are calle “rhetorical
apprend pas la grammaire. On him grammar. One elaborates figures,” signals that grammar isn’t
élabore la grammaire à partir de grammar starting with what taught to him. Grammar is
ce qui déjà fonctionne comme already functions as speech. And developed on the basis of what is
parole. Et cela n’est pas ce qu’il y a grammar (cela) is not what is most already operating as speech. This
11
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
de plus caractéristique. Si j’ai characteristic. If I have employed is not its most characteristic
employé le terme : « l’inconscient the term, "the unconscious is feature. If I’ve been saying, “The
est structuré comme un langage, structured like a language," it is unconscious is structured like a
c’est bien parce que je veux because I want to maintain that a language,” it’s because I want to
maintenir qu’un langage, ça n’est language is not the language. maintain that a language is not
pas le langage. Il y a quelque chose There is something in the language language per se. There is
dans le langage de déjà trop of the already too general, of the something in language per se that
général, de trop logique. too logical. is already too general, too logical.
C’est tout le système qui se It is the whole system, which It is the entire system, present as if
présente comme s’il était inné que presents itself as if it were innate, it were innate, that the child plays
l’enfant joue, à propos d’un départ that the child plays, in reference to [12] in relation to one of his
de sa mère, avec l’énoncé qui a the departure of its mother, with mother’s departure with the
tellement frappé Freud – cela chez the statement that so struck statement that so struck Freud –
un de ses petits‐enfants –, Freud‐‐coming from one of his from one of his grandchildren’s
l’énoncé Fort‐Da. C’est là que tout grandchildren‐‐the statement Fort‐ utterances – Fort‐Da. This is where
s’insère. C’est déjà, ce Fort‐Da, Da. It is there that all is inserted. it all gets inserted. This Fort‐Da is
une figure de rhétorique. This is already, this Fort‐Da, a already a rhetorical figure.
figure of rhetoric.
Quelqu’un dont j’étais plutôt Someone of whom I was rather Someone by whom I was rather
étonné qu’il m’ait cité, parce que astonished that he cited me, surprised to have been quoted,
je ne savais même pas qu’il me because I did not even know he because I didn’t even know he
connaissait – il me connaît knew me‐‐he knows me (48) knew me – clearly he knows me
(48)manifestement à travers Paul manifestly through Paul de Man, through Paul de Man, who
de Man, Paul de Man qui m’a Paul de Man who greeted me at welcomed me at Yale, and of
accueilli à Yale, Paul de Man à qui Yale, Paul de Man to whom, of course I can only be grateful to for
bien sûr je ne peux qu’être course, I can only be very grateful all the care he has taken to open
reconnaissant de tout le soin qu’il for all the care he took to clear the the way for me to travel to the
a pris pour frayer mon arrivée aux way for my arrival in the Americas‐ Americas – but, all the same, I’m
Amériques –, mais, quand même, ‐but, nonetheless, I am surprised surprised that so many people
je suis surpris de ceci que that so many people say certain should after all be saying certain
tellement de personnes après tout things that are not so far from things that really aren’t that far
disent certaines choses qui ne sont what I say . . . a sort of little from what I’ve been saying. It
pas tellement loin de ce que je whirlpool is produced like that in happens like that, in different
dis… Il se produit comme ça dans several places, a manner of saying places, a kind of whirlwind, a way
plusieurs places une sorte de petit things (de dire) that, me, I call of speaking tht is what I personally
tourbillon, une manière de dire qui style. I do not have a "conception call “style”. I don’t have a
est ce que j’appelle, moi, le style. of the world," but I have a style, a “conception of the world”, but I
Je n’ai pas de « conception du style that, naturally, is not have a style, one that, naturally
monde », mais j’ai un style, un altogether easy, but this is the isn’t altogether easy. But that’s
12
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des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
style qui, naturellement, n’est pas whole problem. What is a style? the whole problem. What is a
tout à fait facile, mais c’est là tout What is a thing? How is a style style? What is a thing? What is the
le problème. Qu’est‐ce que c’est situated, characterized? Me, in the way in which a style is situated
qu’un style ? Qu’est‐ce que c’est time when I only spoke with and characterized? For my part, at
qu’une chose ? Qu’est‐ce que c’est comrades, which was the most the time when I only used to speak
que la façon dont un style se situe, natural thing to do, it was to say with my colleagues, the most
se caractérise ? Moi, au temps où "this is not altogether that" and if natural thing was to say, “It’s not
je parlais seulement avec des what I have written after having exactly that,” and if what I wrote
camarades, ce qui était, le plus said it, if what I have written to after saying it, elaborating on what
naturel, c’était de dire « ce n’est elaborate what I have said, has a I said, is at all distinctive, it’s
pas tout à fait ça » et si ce que j’ai certain cachet, it is from marking because it carries the mark of my
écrit après l’avoir dit, si ce que j’ai that I try to get a firmer grip on attempt to grasp as tightly as
écrit, d’élaborer ce que j’ai dit, a what is "altogether that." Of possible what that is, exactly. Of
un cachet, c’est de marquer que course, this is not easy; it is not course, it’s not easy; it’s not easy
j’essaie de serrer au plus près ce easy to start, as, for example, to start off, as, for example, the
qui est « tout à fait ça ». Bien sûr, some structuralists do, from a structuralists do, with a division
ce n’est pas facile, ce n’est pas division between nature and between nature and culture.
facile de partir, comme par culture. Culture is what I myself Culture is what I have been trying
exemple font des structuralistes, have tried to quarter in the form to quarter into the form of four
d’une division entre nature et of four discourses, but of course discourses, but of course, it’s not
culture. La culture, moi, c’est ce this is not limitative. It is discourse limited to these. Discourse is what
que j’ai essayé d’écarteler sous la that floats (qui flotte, qui surnage) floats, what skims across the
forme de quatre discours, mais on the surface of our politics, I surface of our own politics, I
bien sûr ce n’est pas limitatif. C’est mean of our way of conceiving of a mean, our way of conceiving of a
le discours qui flotte, qui surnage à certain social link. If this link was certain social bond. If the bond
la surface de notre politique à purely political, we have added was purely a political one, we hav
nous, je veux dire de notre façon something else there. We have added something else to it. We
de concevoir un certain lien social. added the discourse one calls have added the discourse called
Si le lien était purement politique, academic (universitaire) and the the “university discourse,” and the
nous y avons ajouté autre chose. discourse one calls scientific, discourse called “scientific,” which
Nous y avons ajouté le discours which are not the same thing (qui are not to be confused, contrary to
qu’on appelle universitaire, le ne se confondent pas), contrary to what one might imagine. It is not
discours qu’on appelle what one imagines. It is not for for nothing that special faculties
scientifique, qui ne se confondent nothing that, in the academic field, have been set aside in the
pas, contrairement à ce qu’on one reserves special faculties for academic field for the scientific
imagine. Le discours scientifique, scientific discourse. One keeps it discourse. It’s kept at a distance,
ce n’est pas pour rien que, dans le separate, but this is not for but not for nothing. Somewhere I
champ universitaire, on lui réserve nothing. I have shown somewhere have shown that there is a
des facultés spéciales. On le tient à that there is a relationship, which relationship, which is not
l’écart, mais ce n’est pas pour rien. is not anodyne, between scientific insignificant, between scientific
J’ai montré quelque part qu’il y a discourse and hysteric discourse. discourse and hysteric discourse
13
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
un rapport, qui n’est pas anodin, This might appear bizarre‐‐in a That might seem strange – except
entre le discours scientifique et le certain sequence near certain for a certain chain of certain
discours hystérique. Ça peut functions that I have defined in functions that I’ve defined by
paraître bizarre – à un certain employing a certain S1 and a employing a certain S1 and a
enchaînement près de certaines certain S2, which are not the same certain S2, which don’t have the
fonctions que j’ai définies en y function, and also a certain S that I same function and also a certain S
employant un certain S1 et un call a subject and a certain object that I call the “subject” and a
certain S2, qui n’ont pas la même (a), in a certain revolving order certain “object” (a), except for a
fonction, et aussi un certain S que near these four functions‐‐ certain order of rotation of these
j’appelle sujet et un certain objet scientific discourse only four functions –scientific discourse
(a), à un certain ordre tournant distinguishes itself from hysteric is only distinct from hysteric
près de ces quatre fonctions –, le discourse by the order in which all discourse by the order in which all
discours scientifique ne se this is distributed. of that is distributed.
distingue du discours hystérique
que par l’ordre dans lequel tout
cela se répartit.
(49)
(49)Tout cela a abouti à quelque All this has led to something All of this has resulted in
chose qu’on peut dessiner en that one can draw in employing something that can be drawn
employant plusieurs couleurs several different colors. I have using several different colors. I
différentes. J’ai cru pouvoir lier le believed myself able to link the believed I could link the symbolic –
symbolique (c’est celui‐là, c’est symbolic (it's that one there; it's that’s this one here, the arbitrary
l’arbitraire), le réel et l’imaginaire. the arbitrary), the real, and the one – the real and the imaginary.
imaginary. [13]
Comment se fait‐il qu’après avoir How does it happen that after How is it that, having distinguished
distingué ce symbolique, cet having distinguished this symbolic, this symbolic, this imaginary, and
imaginaire, et ce réel, et les avoir this imaginary, and this real, and this real from one another, and
spécifiés de ceci que le having specified from this that the having specified them by the fact
14
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
symbolique, c’est notre lien au symbolic is our link to language, that the symbolic is our bond with
langage, c’est de cette distinction that it is from this that comes this language, based on this
que nous sommes des êtres distinction that we are speaking distinction, we are speaking
parlants ? C’est un cercle vicieux beings (êtres parlants)? It is a beings? It’s viciously circular to say
de dire que nous sommes des vicious circle to say we are that we are speaking beings, être
êtres parlants. Nous sommes des « speaking beings. We are parlants. We are parlêtres – a
parlêtres », mot qu’il y a avantage "parlêtres," a word that has the word it would be advantageous to
à substituer à l’inconscient, advantage of substituting for the substitute for the unconscious,
d’équivoquer sur la parlote, d’une unconscious, by equivocating on equivocating, as it does, on
part, et sur le fait que c’est du parlote (chitchat), on the one parleying, on the one hand, and on
langage que nous tenons cette hand, and on the fact that it is to the fact that it’s from language
folie qu’il y a de l’être : parce que language we owe this crazy idea that we get this crazy idea that
c’est sûr que nous y croyons, nous (folie) that there is a being: there is being, on the other – for it
y croyons à cause de tout ce qui because it is certain that we is certain that we believe in it, we
paraît faire substance ; mais en believe in it; we believe in it believe in it because of everything
quoi est‐ce de l’être, en dehors du because of what appears to that appears to make for
fait que le langage use du verbe constitute (faire) a substance; but substance. But in what way is this
être ? Il use du verbe être, mais how is this from being, outside of being, apart from the fact that
modérément. L’homme pourrait the fact that language uses the language uses the verb to be? It
dire qu’il est un corps, et ce serait verb "to be"? It uses the verb to uses the verb to be, but ony
très sensé, car c’est évident que le be, but moderately. Man could say moderately. A man might say that
fait qu’il consiste en un corps est he is a body, and this would be he is a body, and this would make
ce qu’il a de plus certain. On a very sensible, for it is obvious that a lot of sense for it’s obvious that
émis quelques doutes sur the fact that he consists in a body the fact he consists of a body is,
l’existence d’un monde extérieur is what he is most certain of. One for him, what is the most certain
au nom de ceci qu’après tout nous has emitted some doubts about thing about him. A few doubts
n’en n’avons que des perceptions, the existence of the exterior world have been cast on the existence of
mais il suffit de se faire (comme in the name of our, after all, only an outside world in the name of
j’ai fait moi‐même toute à having some perceptions of it, but the fact that, after all, we only
l’heure), de se faire une bosse en it suffices to raise (as I just did ever have perceptions of it. But it
rencontrant quelque chose de dur myself) a bump (bosse) in is sufficient to get – as I did earlier
pour qu’il soit tout à fait manifeste encountering something hard for – toget a bump on the head by
qu’il y a des choses qui résistent, it to be altogether manifest that running into something hard, for it
qu’il y a des choses qui ne se there are things that resist, that to be quite obvioius that there are
déplacent pas si facilement ; en there are things that are not things that resist, that there are
revanche, ce sur quoi l’homme displaced so easily; on the other things that don’t move so easily.
insiste, c’est non pas qu’il est un hand, what man insists on is not On the other hand, what man
corps, mais, comme il s’exprime that he is a body, but, as it is insists on is not that he is a body,
(c’est là quelque chose de expressed (this is something quite but, as he expresses it – and this is
saisissant), qu’il en a un. striking [saisissant] ), that he has something quite striking – that he
one. has one.
15
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
Au nom de quoi peut‐il dire qu’il a In the name of what can he say he In the name of what can he say
un corps ? Au nom de ceci qu’il le has a body? In the name of his that he has a body? In the name of
traite à la vacomme‐je‐te‐pousse, treating it as a go‐as‐I‐push‐you, the fact that he treats it any old
il le traite comme un meuble. Il le treating it like a piece of furniture. how, he treats it like a piece of
met dans des wagons par exemple For example, he puts it in wagons furniture. He puts it in a train
et là il se laisse trimbaler. C’était and lets himself be carted around. carriage, for instance, and lets
quand même vrai aussi, ça It is nonetheless also true that this himself get carted around. That
commençait à s’amorcer began to be initiated (s'amorcer) too was nevertheless true; it
(50)
(50)quand il le mettait dans des when he put it in chariots. Well, started when he begain putting it
chariots. Alors, je voudrais dire I would like to say that this in carts. So, I would like to say that
que cette histoire de parlêtre, ça parlêtre story meets with this this history of the parlêtre is
se rencontre avec cette autre other apprehension of the body encountered with this other
appréhension du corps et ça ne va and that this does not go all by apprehension of the body, and it’s
pas tout seul. Je veux dire qu’un itself. I mean that a body has not self‐evident. I mean that a
corps a une autre façon de another way of consisting than the body has another way of
consister que ce que j’ai désigné là one I have designated there as consisting than what I was just
sous une forme parlée, sous la having a spoken form, the form of referring [14] to as a spoken form,
forme de l’inconscient, en tant que the unconscious, inasmuch as it in the form of the unconscious, in
c’est de la parole comme telle qu’il arises from speech as such. These so far as it is from speech, as such,
surgit. Ce sont des marques dont are marks of which we see the that it emerges. These are marks
nous voyons la trace dans ce qu’il trace in what there is of the whose trace we can see in the
en est de l’inconscient. Ce sont des unconscious. These are marks left unconscious. These are marks that
marques qui sont celles laissées by a certain way of having a have been left by a certain way of
par une certaine façon d’avoir relation (rapport) to a knowledge, relating to knowledge that
rapport à un savoir, qui constitue which constitutes the fundamental constitute the fundamental
la substance fondamentale de ce substance of what there is of the substance of the unconscious. We
qu’il en est de l’inconscient. unconscious. The unconscious, we imagine that the unconscious is
L’inconscient, nous imaginons que imagine it is something like an something like an instinct but this
c’est quelque chose comme un instinct, but this is not true. We isn’t true. We utterly lack any
instinct, mais ce n’est pas vrai. are altogether lacking in instinct, instinct whatsoever, and the way
Nous manquons tout à fait de and the way we react is linked, not we react isn’t linked to an instinct
l’instinct, et la façon dont nous to an instinct, but to a certain but to certain knowledge
réagissons est liée non pas à un knowledge borne not so much by conveyed not so much by words as
instinct, mais à un certain savoir words as by what I call signifiers. by what I call “signifiers.”
véhiculé non pas tant par des mots Signifiers, this is what says, this is, Signifiers, they are what is said –
que par ce que j’appelle des of course, a much more profound there’s a much more profound
signifiants. Des signifiants, c’est ce rhetoric, this is what lends itself to rhetoric of course – they are what
qui dit, c’est une rhétorique bien the equivoke. Interpretation must lends itself to equivocation.
sûr beaucoup plus profonde, c’est always—for the analyst—take into Interpretation must always, on the
ce qui prête à équivoque. account that, in what is said, there analyst’s side, take into account
L’interprétation doit toujours – is the sound (le sonore), and that that, in what is said, there is the
16
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
chez l’analyste – tenir compte de this sound must consonate with sonorous element. And this has to
ceci que, dans ce qui est dit, il y a what there is of the unconscious. be consonant with the
le sonore, et que ce sonore doit unconscious.
consoner avec ce qu’il en est de
l’inconscient.
Il y a quelque chose d’important There is something important in There’s something important in
dans cette façon de représenter le this way of representing the link, this way of representing the bond
lien : le lien du symbolique, de the link between the symbolic, the – the bond among the symbolic,
l’imaginaire et du réel, et voici imaginary, and the real, and this is the imaginary, and the real – and
quoi. C’est que ce n’est pas what it is: we need not necessarily here’s what it is. It is that we are
nécessairement à plat que nous pose these three terms as being not necessarily to lie these three
devons poser ces trois termes. Le flat. The body, of course, also has terms out flat. The body, of
corps, bien sûr, a aussi forme, une a form, a form we believe to be course, also has a shape, a shape
forme que nous croyons être spherical, but we must also know we think of as spherical, but we
sphérique, mais nous devons aussi how to draw things otherwise. must also know how to draw
savoir dessiner des choses things differently.
autrement.
Il est comme vous le voyez It is, as you see, remarkable that As you can see, it’s remarkable
remarquable que pour un objet for an object as familiar as you that for an object as familiar to me
(51)
qui m’est aussi familier que vous can imagine this way of drawing as you can imagine this way of
pouvez (51)imaginer que me soit the knot is for me, that I am forced drawing the knot to be, I am
cette façon de dessiner le nœud, to keep a little piece of paper on obliged to use a piece of paper.
que je sois forcé de garder un petit hand. That means it is not so That means that it’s not so natural
papier. Ça veut dire que ce n’est natural to draw it like this. This is as all that to draw it like that. This,
pas si naturel de dessiner ça therefore a knot. then, is a knot.
comme ça. Ceci est donc un nœud
17
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
J’espère que tous voient que ça I hope everyone sees that this I hope you can all see that this is a
fait nœud. Qu’est‐ce que ça veut makes a knot. What does that knot. What does that mean? It
dire ? Ça veut dire que, au regard mean? That means, in regard to means that, with respect to this
de cette référence à la sphère, 1 this reference to the sphere, 1 reference to the sphere, 1 goes
enveloppe 2. Le 1 par rapport au 2, envelopes 2. We can quite around 2. For 1 in relation to 2,
on peut lui en faire faire le tour precisely make the 1 encircle the you can get it to go around it
très exactement, d’ailleurs comme 2, as we can the 2 the 1. But what exactly, just as you can, more‐ [15]
on peut faire faire par le 1 le tour does it mean that the 3 is situated over, get 1 to go around 2 exactly.
de 2. Mais qu’est‐ce que veut dire in this fashion? It is situated in a But what does it mean for 3 to be
le fait que le 3 se dispose de cette fashion rendered sensible by the arranged like that? It’s arranged in
façon‐là ? Il se dispose d’une façon manner of arranging what we call a way that is made tangible by this
qui est rendue sensible par cette in this instance the sphere and the way of arranging things that on
manière de disposer ce que nous cross, except this is not a sphere, occasion we call “the sphere and
appelons dans l’occasion la sphère but a ring (rond). A ring is not the the cross,” except that here it’s
et la croix, à ceci près que ce n’est same thing as a sphere. Let us not a sphere, it’s a ring. A ring isn’t
pas une sphère, mais que c’est un suppose that I shrink this ring in at all the same thing as a sphere.
rond. Un rond, ce n’est pas du tout the middle and we obtain this, Suppose I make this narrower here
la même chose qu’une sphère. which is one more form of what in the middle, then we get this,
Supposez que je rétrécisse ceci par we can state (énoncer) as being a which is a further form of what we
le milieu et nous obtiendrons ça, Borromean knot. can state as being a Borromean
qui est une forme de plus de ce knot.
que nous pouvons énoncer
comme étant un nœud
borroméen.
Je veux dire que, de quelque façon I mean that, in whatever way the I mean that, whichever way
que le numéro 3 ici enveloppe le 1, number 3 here envelopes the 1, it number 3 here goes around 1, it
il est enveloppé par l’autre, mais il is enveloped by the other, but it is still has the other one wrapped
est enveloppé par l’autre dans une enveloped by the other in a third around it, but it has the other one
troisième dimension. dimension. Contrary to what we wrapped around it in a third
18
Conférences et entretiens dans Conferences and Conversations at The text was originally published in
des universités nord‐américaines. North American Universities. French in Scilicet 6/7 (1976) : 42‐52.
Scilicet n° 6/7, 1975, pp. 42‐52. Scilicet no 6/7, 1975, pp 42‐52. This translation appears in
Culture/Clinic 1. Applied Lacanian
Psychoanalysis ; University of
Minnesota Press, 2013. pp.8‐16.
Contrairement à ce qu’on imagine imagine‐‐we others who are dimension. Contrary to what one
– nous autres qui sommes ambitious and who pass our time imagines – those of us who are
ambitieux et qui passons notre dreaming of a fourth‐‐we would very ambitious and spend our time
temps à rêver à une quatrième –, do better (52) to think of the weight dreaming of a fourth one – we
nous ferions mieux de (52)penser of the third dit‐mension (which I would be better off thinking about
au poids que la dit‐mension have just described). One must the weight that the third dit‐
troisième a (celle que j’ai décrite marvel at the third before making mention has – the one I described
tout à l’heure). Il faudrait one more. Nothing is easier than earlier. We ought to marvel at the
s’émerveiller de la troisième avant making one more. When they are third one before making another
d’en faire une de plus. Il n’y a rien all separated, that is, if we one. There’s nothing easier than
de plus facile que d’en faire une de suppose three circles making another one. When they
plus. Quand elles sont toutes . . . which all drift away, it suffices are all separate, that is, if we take
séparées, à savoir si nous to make a fourth; it suffices to three circles that can all drift off
supposons trois cercles… qui s’en reconnect them with a circle, a on their own, it’s sufficient to
vont tous à la dérive, il suffit d’en circle constituting a ring (d'une make a fourth; it’s sufficient to
faire un quatrième ; il suffit de le façon dont ça fasse un rond), to attach it with a circle in such a way
rattacher par un cercle d’une rediscover what constitutes the that it makes a ring, for us to find
façon dont ça fasse un rond pour consistency of these circles (ce qui ourselves back with what give
que nous retrouvions ce qui fait de fait de ces cercles la consistance) consistency to these circles.
ces cercles la consistance.
Après vous avoir fournit de ces After having furnished you with Having provided you with these
nœuds la donnée qui aboutit à these knots the given that leads to facts about these knots, which
cette notion qu’il n’y a pas this notion that there is no space, lead to the notion that there is no
d’espace, qu’il n’y a que des that there are only knots‐‐or, more such thing as space, tht there are
nœuds – ou, plus exactement, precisely, that it is as a function of only knots – or, more accurately,
c’est en fonction des nœuds que (en fonction de) knots that we that it’s by means of knots that we
nous pensons l’espace –, think space‐‐now, since I am not think space – now, because I
maintenant, puisque je ne termine finishing too late . . . I would be haven’t finished too late, I’d be
pas trop tard…, je serais heureux happy to hear your questions . . . happy to take your questions.
d’entendre vos questions…
19