Defined as deformation per unit length.

The amount of strain energy per unit volume

that a material can absorb without permanent
deformation.
The bar ABC in the figure consists of two cylindrical segments. The
material of the bar has the stress-strain diagram shown. Calculate the
stress in segment AB caused by the 60-kN axial load.

𝑃
σ= 60000𝑁
𝐴 σ=𝜋
(50𝑚𝑚)2
4 = 30.56 MPa.
The bar ABC in the figure consists of two cylindrical segments. The
material of the bar has the stress-strain diagram shown. Calculate the
strain in segment AB caused by the 60-kN axial load
The bar ABC in the figure consists of two cylindrical segments. The
material of the bar has the stress-strain diagram shown. Calculate the
elongation in segment AB caused by the 60-kN axial load.
 30.56
E=
0.0175
= 1746.285714 MPa

(30.56 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(500)
δ=
1746.285714 MPa
δ = 8.753mm
The bar ABC in the figure consists of two cylindrical segments. The
material of the bar has the stress-strain diagram shown. Calculate the
stress in segment BC caused by the 60-kN axial load.

𝑃
σ=
𝐴 60000𝑁
σ=𝜋 = 47.746 MPa.
4
(40𝑚𝑚)2
The bar ABC in the figure consists of two cylindrical segments. The
material of the bar has the stress-strain diagram shown. Calculate the
strain in segment BC caused by the 60-kN axial load.

= 47.746 MPa.
The bar ABC in the figure consists of two cylindrical segments. The
material of the bar has the stress-strain diagram shown. Calculate the
elongation in segment BC caused by the 60-kN axial load.
 47.75
E=
0.035
= 1364.285714 MPa

(47.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(400)
δ=
1364.285714 MPa
δ = 14mm
 It is the slope of the stress-strain diagram.

A bar subjected to a stress of 1 GPa develops an elongation of 5mm. If the

initial length of the bar is 1m, calculate the elastic modulus of the bar.

(1000𝑀𝑃𝑎)(1000)
5mm =
E
E = 200000 MPa
E = 200x109 Pa
E = 200 GPa
 𝑃
σ=
𝐴

𝑃
150 ksi =
0.50𝑖𝑛2
P = 25 kips

෍𝑥 = 0

-25 kips(2ft) + P(6) =0

P = 25 kips
 δ
1 in

δ 1 𝑖𝑛
=
2𝑓𝑡 6 𝑓𝑡
δ = 1/3 in
12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
(𝑃)(3𝑓𝑡𝑥)
1 𝑓𝑡
1/3 =
(0.5i𝑛2 )(29 x 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖)
P = 134.2592593 kips

෍𝑥 = 0

-134.2592593 kips(2ft) + P(6) =0

P = 44.753 kips
 𝑃
σ=
𝐴

δ 1 𝑖𝑛
=
2𝑓𝑡 6 𝑓𝑡
𝑃
150 ksi =
0.50𝑖𝑛2
δ = 1/3 in
P = 25 kips
12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
෍𝑥 = 0 (𝑃)(3𝑓𝑡𝑥) 1 𝑓𝑡
1/3 =
(0.5i𝑛2 )(29 x 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖)

-25 kips(2ft) + P(6) =0 P = 134.2592593 kips

P = 25 kips
෍𝑥 = 0

-134.2592593 kips(2ft) + P(6) =0

P = 44.753 kips
 𝑃
δ = 4mm σ=
𝐴

σS = 150 MPa 𝑃
150 MPa =
570𝑚𝑚2
ES = 200 GPa P = 85500 N
ΣB = 130 MPa 130 MPa =
3𝑃
700𝑚𝑚2
EB = 83 GPa P = 30,333.33 N
σA = 90 MPa 2𝑃
90 MPa =
370𝑚𝑚2
EA = 70 GPa P = 16650 N

P = 16650 N

(𝑃)(1000𝑚𝑚) (3𝑃)(2000𝑚𝑚) (2𝑃)(1500𝑚𝑚)

4mm = + (- ) +
(570𝑚𝑚2 )200 000 MPa (700𝑚𝑚2 ) 83000 MPa 370𝑚𝑚2 70 000 MPa
P = 187513.285 N
σ=
𝑃 P = 16650 N
𝐴

16650𝑁
σ=
570𝑚𝑚2

σ = 29.211MPa
σ=
𝑃 P = 16650 N
𝐴

(3)16650𝑁
σ=
700𝑚𝑚2

σ = 71.357MPa
σ=
𝑃 P = 16650 N
𝐴

(2)16650𝑁
σ=
370𝑚𝑚2

σ = 90 MPa
σ 𝐹𝑦 =0

PS + PB =180,000P
PB = 180,000N
δTS + δPB = δTB
𝑃𝐵 𝐿𝐵
(αLΔT)S + = (αLΔT)B
𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐵
180000(𝐿)
11.7 x 10-6(L)ΔT + = 19 x 10-6(L)ΔT
83000(16000)

ΔT = 18.5670C
 σ 𝐹𝑦 =0

PS + PB =180,000P
PS = 180,000N
δTB + δPS = δTS
𝑃𝑆 𝐿𝑆
(αLΔT)B + = (αLΔT)S
𝐴𝑆 𝐸𝑆
180000(𝐿)
19 x 10-6(L)ΔT + = 11.7 x 10-6(L)ΔT
200000(8000)
ΔT = 15.4090C
 𝜀𝐿𝑎𝑡
υ=-
𝜀𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔
𝜀𝐿𝑎𝑡
0.30 = -
0.003
= 0.0009

𝐸
G=
2(1+υ )
180
75 = υ = 0.2
2(1+υ)
 𝑃𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟
τ=
𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟
35000𝑁
τ=
2𝑚𝑚(200𝑚𝑚)
τ = 87.5 MPa
 τ
γ=
𝐺

87.5 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
γ=
25000𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

γ = 0.0035
 δ
0.0035 =
500 𝑚𝑚

δ = 1.75 mm
 𝑃 𝑃
σX = σY =
𝐴 𝐴
21000𝑁
σY =
(70𝑚𝑚𝑥90𝑚𝑚)
15000𝑁 10
σX = σY = 𝑀𝑃𝑎
(50𝑚𝑚)(90𝑚𝑚) 3

σX = 3.333MPa 18000𝑁
σZ =
(50𝑚𝑚𝑥70𝑚𝑚)
𝑃 10
σ= σX = 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 3 36
σZ = 𝑀𝑃𝑎
7
 10
σX = 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3

10
σY = 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3

36
σZ = 𝑀𝑃𝑎
7

εX = 1(σX – υ(σy + σZ )]
𝐸
10 10 36
εX = 1 ( MPa – 0.30( + )]
3 3 7
150000𝑀𝑃𝑎

εX = 5.269 x 10-6
εY = 1(σY – υ(σX + σZ )]
𝐸
10 10 36
εX = 1 ( MPa – 0.30( + )]
3 3 7
150000𝑀𝑃𝑎

εX = 5.269 x 10-6
εZ = 1 (σZ – υ(σX + σY )]
𝐸
36 10 10
εZ = 1 ( MPa – 0.30( + )]
7 3 3
150000𝑀𝑃𝑎

εZ = 2.0952 x 10-6
 τ
G=
γ
20 𝑀𝑃𝑎
G=
0.0005

G = 40000 MPa
= 40 GPa