Drafting system :

1. Types of drafting system,

2. Details,
3. components,
4. bottom Roller,
5. Thread +W =/D,
6. 4 over 4 drafting system, 3 over 3, 5 over 4, 5 over 3 drafting system

Drafting System
How much number of roller and it how way arrange is known drafting system. The
drafting system is the heart of the draw frame and thus the part which exerts the most
decisive influence on quality.

* Drafting systems: ( Figures from W. Klein)

I) 4-over-4 roller drafting system.
II) 3-over-4 roller drafting system.
III) 3-over-3 roller drafting system.
IV) 4-over-3 roller drafting system.
V) 5-over- 4 roller drafting system (Rieter).
3-over-4 roller drafting arrangements
The characteristic feature of this arrangement is engagement of the middle pressure
roller with two bottom rollers. The two bottom rollers are carried in a common cradle
and are not adjustable relative to each other. The basic concept can be improved by the
inclusion of a pressure bar in the main drafting field. This type of arrangement is now
found mainly in the combing room, but also still to some extent on drawframes, for
example in the Marzolt (Ftg. 5) and Vouk machines.
3-over-3 roller drafting arrangements
This form was first developed by Platt in the 1960s and is
till in use today - in fact, the pressure bar arrangement is probably the most widely
used form of drafting arrangement for drawframes. The starting point in the
development of this design is the realization that the drafting arrangement runs more
smoothly the larger its rollers. This applies especially to the front rollers. The effect is
due not simply to stabillty; for a given circumferential speed, larger rollers can be
operated at lower speeds of revolution.
However, enlarging the rollers simultaneously increases the nip spacings. Accordingly,
In the main drafting zone, a special guide system is needed, at least for short fibres; this
is the guide rail or pressure bar. It can operate from below or from above (as illustrated
in fig.6 for the Platt design). In addition to the Platt arrangement, similar arrangements
have been or are built by Rieter, Schubert & Salzer and Toyoda.
4-over-3 roller drafting arrangement with
pressure bars (Zinger, see F1g.7)
Strictly speaking, this is also a 3-roller, pressure bar drafting arrangement, but a fourth
roller with somewhat lower loading is added to the delivery roller to act as guide. This
leads the web in a curve round the grooved roller directly Into the delivery trumpet,
thereby facilitating the formation of the sliver. The top rollers are uniform in diameter
and are large in order to keep the strain imposed on them low.

5-over-4 roller drafting arrangement (Rleter, see

fig.8)
In thie arrangement five pneumatically loaded pressure rollers rest on two large (90
mm) and two small (28 mm), non-adjustable bottom rollers, The pressure rollers are
suspended from two yokes, They have diameters of 39 mm, although the three middle
rollers may be replaced by roller of 28 mm diameter depending upon the
circumstances.
Drafting is carried out in Field B (break draft) and in Field A (man draft). The nip
spacings can be read from a scale and can be adjusted to suit the Fibre length by simple
radial shifting of rollers 2 and 4. In the main drafting field, a pressure bar ensures firm
guidance, especially for short Flbres. The drafting arrangement is
aligned on a curve; this permits proper guidance of the web material Flo" from the
vertical into the horizontal. The curved disposition makes the system easy to service.
4-over-4 double apron drafting system:

❶ In 4-over-4 double apron drafting system, there are three drafting zones such as
break draft, middle draft and front draft (or main draft).
❷ Back draft is apply in back zone which affects roving evenness. Less amount of
draft is apply in middle zone where the condenser is used to condense sheet like sliver.
Maximum amount of draft is apply in front zone where the apron is used to move at the
surface speed of the middle-roller pair.
❸ The total draft is defined as the ratio of the surface speed of the front rolls to the
surface speed of the back rolls and is a product of the break draft, middle draft and the
main draft:

3-over-4 roller drafting arrangements

The characteristic feature of this arrangement is engagement of the middle pressure
roller with two bottom
rollers.The two bottom rollers are carried in a common cradle and are not adjustable
relative to each other. The basic concept can be improved by the inclusion of a pressure
bar in the main drafting field. This type of
3-over-3 double apron drafting system:

❶ In production of a roving, a 3-over-3 roller with double apron drafting system is

commonly used to attenuate the sliver.
❷ In a system of three pairs of rollers, there are two drafting zones. The first or back
zone is designated the “ break draft, ” while the second or front zone is called the
“main draft”.
❸ A pair of endless aprons is positioned in the high-draft front zone and made to
move at the surface speed of the middle-roller pair.
❹ As fi bers enter the high-draft front zone, the aprons will hold them and assist in
keeping them moving at the surface speed of the middle rollers, while preventing the
short-fibers being dragged forward by those fibers nipped and accelerated by the front
rollers.
❺ The magnitude of break draft is usually small, varying between 1.1 and 1.5;
therefore the front draft (i.e. main draft) is responsible for the major part of the total
attenuation desired.
❻ The total draft is defined as the ratio of the surface speed of the front rolls to the
surface speed of the back rolls and is a product of the break draft and the main draft:
5-over- 4 roller drafting system (Rieter):

a) 5 top rollers on 4 bottom rollers (Two large, 90mm dia; and two small, 28mm dia)
b) Pressure rollers are suspended from two yokes and loaded pneumatically.
c) Break draft and main draft is carried out in field B and field A respectively.
d) Nip spacing is changeable through the roller 2 and 4.
e) A pressure bar ensures the firm guidance of material in main draft field and the
curve alignment permits the proper guidance of web to forward.

Difference between 4 over 4 and 3 over 3

In 4 over 4 drafting arrangement, maximum total draft can be employed up to 13. The
thickness and hairiness of roving resulted in this drafting arrangement is less. Since the
fully drafted fibres are just condensed in front zone in this system, so that lapping
tendency on the second top or bottom roller is increased highly if stickiness of material
in case of cotton and static charges in case of synthetic materials are processed. But in
case of front roller, since the twist is penetrating up to the nip, lapping on the front
bottom or top roller is less.

In 3 over 3 drafting arrangement, maximum total draft can be employed up to 11. The
thickness and hairiness of roving resulted in this drafting arrangement is more than 4
over 4 drafting system. 3 over 3 drafting system is suitable for fibres longer than 51 mm.
The bottom rollers having diameters of 30 – 32 mm. are used in this arrangement.

Rieter Double Apron Drafting System with Long

Bottom Apron
In the double apron drafting system the fiber guidance unit consists of two aprons
rotating with the middle rollers. The top apron must be pressed against the bottom
apron with controlled force in order to provide guidance. For this purpose there must
be a gap between the two aprons at the apron delivery end (tensor gap) that is precisely
adjusted to the fiber volume. This gap can be adjusted by using different spacer plates,
shoes, etc.
The top aprons, which are often plastic aprons, are always short. However, the bottom
aprons can be as short as the top aprons or quite a bit longer and guided accordingly
around deflecting elements. The advantage of long bottom aprons over short aprons is
that they are easy to replace in the event of damage. They are also less inclined to
become clogged with fiber fly.

Both input and output of draw frame is sliver,

then what is done in draw frame?
Answer: From a purely commercial point of view draw frame is of little significance.
But its influence on quality and evenness is greater. The carded sliver contains fibers
which are oriented in various directions and they are crimped, hooked or curled. They
entangled with one another and their height per unit length is high. They are irregular
and contain some impurities. So they need a process for eliminating these errors. In
cotton spinning line raw frame is the definitive compensation point for eliminating
errors. This draw frame:-
· Straighten the fibers in sliver.
· Make the fibers more or less parallel.
· Reduce the weight per unit length of sliver.
· Remove dust from sliver.
· Make very perfect blending of fibers.
So, the carded sliver is actually made perfect in quality and evenness of draw frame.