CELL- Structure and Functions
Recapitulation of important points
The three main components of a cell are- cell membrane,
cytoplasm and nucleus.
Cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins. It is semi
permeable. Thus, it maintains the internal composition of the
cell.
Cell wall is made up of cellulose and provides structural
strength to the plant cells. It protects the plant cells from
harsh environmental conditions.
Cytoplasm is the site of many metabolic reactions.
Cytoplasmic streaming helps in the distribution of material
within the cell.
Nucleus is the control centre of the cell.
HOME TASK
5.Define Cytoplasmic streaming?
Ans-It is the movement of the cytoplasm which helps in the distribution of materials within the cell.
6.Give reason:
a) Nucleus is called as the control centre of the cell.
Ans –Because the nucleus controls all the activities of the cell and it passes the genetic
information (DNA) from parents to the offspring.
b) Cell membrane maintains the internal composition of the cell.
Ans –It is selectively permeable or semi permeable membrane. It allows or permits the entry and exit
of selected materials in and out of the cell .Therefore, it helps in maintaining the internal
composition of the cell.
7.Draw neat and well labelled diagrams of
Plant cell
Animal cell
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will be able to
. Classify various types of plastids.
. Illustrate the structure of
chloroplast.
. Compare the function and location
of various types of plastids.
. Understand the structure and
function of mitochondria.
PLASTIDS
(Double membrane bound organelles found only in plant cells)
LEUCOPLASTS
• Colour- Colourless POTATO TUBERS
FOOD : STARCH
plastids.
• Location-found in
storage organs such as
MAIZE GRAINS
fruits, tubers, and FOOD : PROTEIN
seeds.
• Function- Storage of
food in the form of
starch, oils, and CASTOR SEEDS
FOOD : OIL
protein.
CHROMOPLASTS
• Colour- Coloured plastids
(other than green).
• Location -They occur in flowers
and fruits. They may occur in
some roots too, like carrots,
beet etc.
• Function-They provide colour to
fruits and flowers to attract
animals for pollination and seed
dispersal.
CHLOROPLASTS
• Colour-Green coloured
plastids.
• Location- Present in green parts
of the plant.
• Function-Chloroplasts trap solar
energy with the help of
chlorophyll pigment to
manufacture food through the
process of photosynthesis.
Structure of Chloroplast
(the kitchen of the cell)
*Shape- spherical or discoid in shape
*Average size- 4- 6 micrometer
Structure of Chloroplast
Chloroplast has an inner and an outer membrane with
an empty intermediate space in between.
It has two distinct regions- Grana and Stroma
Grana are the stacks of membrane bound flat sac like
structures called thylakoids .
These thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that is
necessary for the plants to perform photosynthesis.
Various grana are joined to each other with stromal
lamellae.
Stroma is the dense fluid inside of the chloroplast
which has enzymes for the synthesis of starch during
photosynthesis.
CHLOROPLASTS – KITCHEN OF THE CELL.
. The chloroplasts trap solar energy to
manufacture food through the process of
photosynthesis. Hence chloroplasts are
known as “kitchen of the cell”.
. Chloroplasts help to maintain the
balance between the two gases (oxygen
and carbon dioxide) by utilising CO2 and
releasing O2 during photosynthesis.
It contains its own DNA and ribosomes .
So, it can synthesize some of its own
proteins. Therefore, chloroplast is called
a semi –autonomous cell organelle.
HOME TASK
8.Differentiate between Grana and Stroma.
9.Tabulate the difference between Leucoplast, Chloroplast and
Chromoplast on the basis of their colour, location and function.
10.Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of Chloroplast.
