October 30, 1936
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 108
AN ACT TO PUNISH ACTS OF EVASION OF THE LAWS ON THE NATIONALIZATION
OF CERTAIN RIGHTS, FRANCHISES OR PRIVILEGES
SECTION 1. In all cases in which any constitutional or legal provision requires
Philippine or United States citizenship as a requisite for the exercise or enjoyment of a
right, franchise or privilege, any citizen of the Philippines or the United States who allows
his name or citizenship to be used for the purpose of evading such provision, and any alien
or foreigner pro ting thereby, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than two nor
more than ten years, and by a ne of not less than two thousand nor more than ten
thousand pesos. EHSADa
The fact that the citizen of the Philippines or of the United States charged with a
violation of this Act had, at the time of the acquisition of his holdings in the corporations or
associations referred to in section two of this Act, no real or personal property, credit or
other assets the value of which shall at least be equivalent to said holdings, shall be
admissible as circumstantial evidence of a violation of this Act. EcSCAD
SECTION 2. In all cases in which a constitutional or legal provision requires that,
in order that a corporation or association may exercise or enjoy a right, franchise or
privilege, not less than a certain per centum of its capital must be owned by citizens of the
Philippines or the United States, or both, it shall be unlawful to falsely simulate the
existence of such minimum of stock or capital as owned by such citizens of the
Philippines or the United States or both, for the purpose of evading said provision. The
president or managers and directors or trustees of corporations or associations
convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than
two nor more than ten years, and by a ne of not less than two thousand nor more than ten
thousand pesos. DaScCH
SECTION 3. Any corporation or association violating any of the provisions of this
Act shall, upon proper court proceedings, be dissolved.
SECTION 4. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. aSATHE
Approved: October 30, 1936
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