et

International Journal on Emerging Technologies 5(1): 194-200(2014)

ISSN No. (Online) : 2249-3255

Optimisation of Municipal Solid Waste Management of Indore City

using GIS
Mr. Ankit Verma* and Prof. B.K Bhonde**
*Department of Civil Engineering,
D.Y. Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune, (MS), India
**Department of Civil Engineering,
D.Y. Patil College of Engineering Akurdi, Pune, (MS), India
(Corresponding author Mr. Ankit Verma)
(Received 05 May, 2014 Accepted 02 June, 2014)

ABSTRACT: As a result of rapidly increase in population Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is
becoming a hot cake in urban areas. It has become an obligatory function of Municipal Corporation and
urban local bodies. Other factors which need almost attention are high rate of Municipal solid waste
generation, Complexity of generated waste and last but not the least the scarcity of land. Indore is the largest
city and business capital of Madhya Pradesh state. The present population is 24,73027 lakhs. A part from
infrastructural development going on for sustainable development MSW management should also be taken
care off. However the manual analysis of urban solid waste management is very tedious as it involves a huge
data and statists. Hence it demands computerization of system. Geographical Information System is a tool
introduced to overcome this limitation and make waste management planning easy efficient and can be
implement quickly also. It will reduce the waste management work load to great extent.
The present study aims at Analyzing existing status of generation, collection, storage, transportation,
treatment and disposal activities of MSW of Indore city. To Review in detail the present scenario of SWM in
Indore city with reference to the MSW Rules, 2000. To propose a GIS based urban solid waste management
(SWM) system. To implement the developed model to study area to solve some of the present situation
problems like proper allocation of waste bins, optimizing waste transportation routes and planning location
of waste disposal facility. This paper portrays Geographical Information System as a decision support tool for
Municipal solid waste management. This model will help to get rid of solid waste as per the study area.
Amendment in the system through based Geographical Information System model would reduce the waste
management workload to some extent and exhibit remedies for some of the Solid waste management problem
in the case study area.
Keywords: Municipal solid waste management, Route optimization, Waste collection, GIS, Spatial planning.
Cities are expanding awe fully and the issue of
I. INTRODUCTION
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), is becoming critical
Economic development, urbanization and improving due to the increase in quantity and complexity of
living standards in cities, have led to increase in the generated waste and scarcity of land for its disposal.
quantity and complexity of generated waste. The unmanageable MSW poses various environmental
Urbanization is rapidly increasing in developing problems such as nuisance from odor, prevalence of
countries. In India, proportion of population residing in unhygienic conditions and ground water pollution etc.
urban areas has reached 27.8% in 2001. Due to Municipal Solid Waste Management is an obligatory
significant growth in urban population, it is estimated function of Municipal Corporation and Urban Local
that by 2020, 50% of the population will be residing in Bodies. This function is included in the 12th schedule
urban areas (ESCI,2005).Management of Municipal appended to the constitution of India through 74th
Solid Waste (MSW) resulting out of rapid urbanization amendment in 1993.
has become a serious concern for the government Indore is the largest city and the business capital of
departments, pollution control agencies, regulatory Madhya Pradesh. As per 2001 census, Indore is the
bodies and also public in most of the developing cities. 17th amongst the 23million cities of India.
 Verma and Bhonde 195
Its economic growth has estimated urbanization, but The climate is typically seasonal with three distinct dry,
lack of commensurate investment in urban wet and cold seasons. Average temperature during
infrastructure and services has resulted in an overall winter (November to February) will be around 10 C and
deterioration of urban quality of life. the recorded lowest is 1.5o C. During summer (April to
Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is responsible for June), the days are hot (35o C to 40o C) with the peak
solid waste management in Indore city. It has a summer day temperature sometimes reaching 45o C.
population of 15.42lakhs(as per census 2001), with an Indore receives a moderate rainfall of around 800 mm
area of 130.17km^2.The projected population of 2014 from southwest monsoon. The population of Indore city
is 26,49684 lakhs. The Municipal Solid Waste increased from 5.73 lacks in the year 1971 to 14.73
generation of Indore Municipal Corporation was 685 lacks in the year 2001.
tons per day(TPD), out of which only 461 tones per day
B. Description of Data collection and Spatial
is collected and transported to dumping ground. This is
Database
about a collection efficiency of 67% , IMC uses dumper
places as a major waste disposal option. Indore To efficiently manage the municipal solid waste
Municipal Corporation has identified a disposal site of system, detail spatial information is required. This
Devguradia, 15km away from the city centre of Indore, information is related to the geographical background
more than 25years ago, for disposal of Municipal Solid of the area under investigation, as well as to spatial data
Waste. Till date waste is being dumped in this site and related to waste collection procedure. It contain study
there is no other site available. The existing site of area boundary, population density, satellite image, road
Devguradia has 140 acres of land is planned to be given network, location capacity time schedule of waste bin.
on lease by IMC to a private operator to set up a waste Table 1. Data collection and their source.
processing and compost manufacturing facility. The
present land available is about 125acres.The large Data Source
amount of data involved makes manual analysis of solid Study area boundary IMC Corporation
waste management system highly tedious. Population Density Senses 2011
Computerization of the systems can help to overcome
this limitation. In addition, Optimization can be done Satellite image Google earth and ARCGIS
effectively in a computerized system to enhance the Road network IMC Corporation and
system efficiency and various options could be ARCGIS
analyzed and compared on the basis of economics, Location of waste bin IMC Corporation
efficiency of the services or any other suitable Capacities of bin IMC Corporation
parameter. Presently, computerized systems are
Time schedule for the IMC Corporation
extensively used for Municipal services in IMC. Also collection process
IMC has undertaken Geographical Information System Existing collection routes IMC Corporation
(GIS), for assessment and collection department. An
Vehicle fuel consumption IMC Corporation
attempt is made in this project to develop SWM system
using GIS for representative zone in the city which can
be replicated to other zones in the city. As soon as the For the optimization of the collection process a
GIS system for assessment and collection department spatial geodatabase was constructed, in a standard
comes into force, same infrastructure can be utilized for commercial GIS environment (ArcGIS). This ensures
SWM Department. compatibility with available data from municipality and
SWM GIS may be integrated in system at almost no many network routs.
cost.
Table 2. Spatial database- type of data and its
II. METHODOLOGY
geometry.
A. Description of study area
Indore the most prominent city of Madhya Pradesh and Spatial data Details Geometry
the district headquarter of the district is situated on the
Road network Main road and Line
western part of Malwa (known as Deccan Plateau) on internal
the banks of two small rivers the Khan and the Present Waste bin All type of waste Point
Saraswati. Indore city lies between 22o 43’N latitude bin present
and 76o 42’E longitude. It is centrally located in the Land use Residential Polygon
Indore District with an average of 550 meters above commercial
MSL. It has an area of about 130.17 km2 and occupies a industrial, slum
Open dump All open dump area Point
relatively flat plateau having a gentle slope towards
North. The city has black cotton soil till 5 ft., hard soil
till 15 ft., red soils till 30 ft., and rocky terrain.
 Verma and Bhonde 196
C. Methodology used (i) Spatial database of study area.
GIS provide a powerful context to import, manage and (ii) Reallocation of waste bins in study area using GIS.
analyses spatially based data. Method is implementing (iii) Optimization of routes, minimum time, and
in three steps. distance.

D. Proposed methodology

City Information Data Collection

Information from interview,

Background questionnaires’ and other Empirical
Spatial/Attributes sources data
-Bins
-Routes
Analysis of present situation Schedule

Analysis

Derivation from the present

Proposed Collection
bins
Distance
GIS CONSTRUCTION -Time
-Cost
-Fuel
consumption
New waste
collection
GIS ANALYSIS routes

Reallocation of
Optimal Routing
waste bins Resectorization
TOTAL SAVINGS
 Verma and Bhonde 197

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2.5m3 are most common used for storage of solid
waste. There exist open dump at many places. This is
From the data base of community bins created in GIS, due to non placement of community bins at convenient
ward wise list collection points and the type of storage distance.
bins used. It is clear that dumper placer contain of size
Table 3. Ward wise list of solid waste collection spots and storage bins.

Ward Area Pop_2014 MSW_G_2014 Qty of Qty of

no Km3 TPD 7.5m3 2.5m3
bins bins
44 1.649 23862 12 3 23
45 0.653 24070 11 1 13
47 1.171 24193 11 0 27
49 1.394 23900 12 2 18
4.867 139753 46 6 81

A. Base map of waste bin present in study area

B. Reallocation of waste bins in study area

With the help of GIS and field survey this map is taken D. Base map of IMC showing optimal routing of
showing the number of bins with is needed to be transport system
allocate in the study area. The transportation cost in existing scenario without
transfer station and sane after commissioning of
C . Present and Reallocated bins in study area
transfer station is presented. The result of the analysis is
This base shows the number of bins with is present in made on the available data and compared with
study area and the number of bins needed to be placed expenditure. This help as a decision support in planning
in study area. the transfer station facility.
 Verma and Bhonde 198

D. Base map of IMC showing optimal routing of transfer station is presented. The result of the analysis is
transport system made on the available data and compared with
The transportation cost in existing scenario without expenditure. This help as a decision support in planning
transfer station and sane after commissioning of the transfer station facility.

Table 4. Saving in waste transportation cost by planning additional waste disposal facility.
Zone NAME Route MSW_G_ Present Proposed Improvement
No Length 2014* Scenario Scenario
H Km
6 Route_06 11.78 47 5.857 7.21 1.3560
7 Route_09 10.18 44 4.740 5.84 1.0973
8 Route_07 11.71 42 5.205 6.41 1.2052
9 Route_08 10.78 43 4.907 6.04 1.1361
10 Route_10 6.74 48 3.425 4.22 0.7930
11 Route_11 8.04 60 5.107 6.29 1.1825
12 Route_12 10.18 56 6.033 7.43 1.3969
13 Route_13 11.78 51 6.355 7.83 1.4713
1 Route_01 14.86 52 8.175 10.07 1.8928
2 Route_02 12.27 53 6.880 8.47 1.5929
3 Route_03 12.83 54 7.331 9.03 1.6973
4 Route_04 15.18 53 8.515 10.49 1.9715
5 Route_05 15.03 45 7.159 8.82 1.6574
14 Route_14 17.52 57 10.568 13.03 2.4469
15 Route_15 18.46 51 9.963 12.27 2.3067
Total 187.35 756 Total 23.2039
improvement
Avg.route 12.49
length
 Verma and Bhonde 199
Group I Avg. route length = 10 15 with proposed scenario I with existing disposal facility. Zone in Group I are
Group II Avg. route length = 10 15 with proposed scenario allocated to disposal facility at Devaguradia and Group II
*Assuming Group II contributing new disposal site and zones, allocated tp proposed disposal facility. Effective
Avg. route length is same as that of Group I transportation for individual zones in Group I Group II is
then recalculated in proposed situation. The average route
E. Cost benefits analysis with additional disposal facility
length in proposed scenario come out to 12.5 km where as
Large portion of funds allocated for waste management is
in proposed scenario it will be 10.5. then effective
used for collection element of municipal solid waste may
transportation for each zone is calculated for both the
account for more than 70% of the total management
scenario. From the analysis It is found that there will be
budget. It is therefore crucial to optimize for waste
23.3% of net saving in waste transportation.
collection and transportation.
Zone of the city are divided into two groups, Group I F. Saving in waste transportation cost by planning
include the zone that has waste collection route length less additional waste disposal Facility
than 12km and other is Group II. Effective transportation In year 2013-2014, out of its local budget provision Rs 867
for individual zone is calculated using general mathematics lakhs IMC has spent about Rs 425 lakhs only on
for present scenario, assuming all the waste generated is transportation of MSW. The collection efficiency was 58%
collected and transported 100%. Then assuming there exist only. With the help of modern information technology like
another waste disposal site and zone in Group II contribute GIS planning and optimization of waste collection and
waste to the facility. The average roué length of Group II transportation can be possible.
with new disposal facility is assumed same as that of group

Table 5. MSW collected and Transported to Dumping Ground in year 2013-14.

MSW Collection and Transported to Dumping Ground in year 2013-14

Collection
efficiency
Waste collection in tons MSW collected/day
Month
Apr -13 8767.88 292.3
May -13 9669.13 311.9
June -13 11283.21 376.1
July -13 12454.98 401.8
Aug -13 15274 492.7
Sep-13 16706 556.9
Oct-13 16402 529.1
Nov-13 14635 487.8
Dec-13 17104 551.7
=waste transported to
Jan -14 16115 519.8
dumping site/waste
Feb-14 14681 524.3 generated
Marc -14 15271.39 492.6
=461*100/800*
168363.59 461.3 =58%

Source : IMC and weigh bridge (Prabhu Tolkata, nemavar road, Indore). The waste generation for year 2014 was
estimated to 800 TPD*
G. Discussion of transfer station cost analysis waste transportation up to the disposal facility. Well
designed transfer station with transferring mechanism
Devaguradia, the disposal site of IMC is more than
constructed to facilitate unloading of waste or dumper
15km. away from the city core area. Sending the entire
places container. Waste will be automatically in large
vehicle to tenching ground proves to be economical. At
hauling truck at transfer station and will be sent to waste
present IMC do not have any transfer stations. IMC has
processing facility. The transfer station cost analysis
planned to build two transfer station one at Kabitkhedi
show that there is saving in transportation cost.
and other at Dhar Kothi to economized and smoothen the
 Verma and Bhonde 200
With present scenario through the saving is marginal but transporting waste from transfer station to devaguradia
in long term with increase in fuel cost and MSW load disposal site. The proposed transfer stations are not
the saving will be substantial. 27 long hauling vehicles located on the basis of waste generation and
which are at present not in use, can be utilized for transportation distance as seen from city map.
types of road, storage bins and collection vehicle etc.
H. Discussion of bins allocation
This model helps to find minimum cost/distance
The model proposed in this paper was design for
efficient collection pattern for transportation of solid
planning the allocation of waste bins in the case study
waste to landfill.
area. There are several aspect taken into consideration in
Indore Municipal Corporation can use this model as
planning the waste management by evaluating the bins
decision support tool for efficient management of
allocation first was to analyze the location of existing
moving the solid waste, fuel consumption and work
waste bins in the area. The planning concern was to
schedule for the worker and vehicle in daily route of
verify the convenience and insolvencies users due to
life.
close proximity of the bins to sensitive land use. The
planning of waste bin allocation can further extend for REFERENCES
segregation of waste in two categories and for this
[1]. Alphonce KYESSI and Victiria MWAKALING,
provision of recyclable bin can be evaluated. This
Tanzania. The case of sinza neighbourhood in King
requires detail land use data which will be available on
municipality,Dares salaam city, Tanzania. FIG Working
completion of IMCs GIS project. The proposal will be
Week 2009 Surveyors Key Role in Accelerated
intended to provide the recyclable waste collection bin
Development
to those areas with generate recyclable waste.
Eilat, Israel, 3-8 May 2009.
The analysis showed the required results which are .[2]. Christos Chalkias, Katia Lasaridi. A GIS based
useful for relocating the existing bins and for locating model for the optimisation of municipal solid
the new ones for a refined waste management system. wastecollection: the case study of Nikea, Athens,
The proposal is cost effective with the consideration of Greece. Department of Geography Harokopeio
the budget constraint of the system while planning the University of Athens 70, El. Venizelou str. GREECE
waste management system. Situation based planning is [email protected], klasaridi@hua ISSN: 1790-5079 Issue
carried to make the consideration of the data available 10, Volume 5, October 2009.
and situational constrains. Sometime it is not fissile to [3]. Aurobindo Ogra Logistics Management and Spatial
place a waste bin in particular area due to narrow lane Planning for solid waste management system using
and congested area like slum or road side of high traffic Geographic Information System Map Asia 2003 Urban
density road or may be due to sensitive area like Regional Planner
religious place etc. house to house collection is thus the [4]. Ghose M.K, Dikshit A.K and Sharma S.K, (2006),
best option for majority of MSWM problems. With “A GIS based transportation model for Solid waste
rigorous public awareness program, awareness disposal- A case study on Asansol Municipality” Waste
campaign through school and involvement of local management, 2-26(11) :1287-93.
NGOs and implementation of house to house collection [5]. India Infrastructure Report 2006.
in phases is necessary. [6]. Indore City Development Plan and City- Level
Agenda, 2012.
IV. CONCLUSION
[7]. Public Health Department, Indore Municipal
The paper presentation states an efficient designing and Corporation.
developing of a proper storage, collection and disposal [8]. www.imcindore.org, Indore Municipal
system plan for Indore municipal corporation (Madhya Corporation.
Pradesh) India. A GIS optimal routing model has been [9]. Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling)
developed by considering the parameter like population
Rule, 2000. Government of India, New Delhi.
density, waste generation capacity, road network and