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LAB MANUAL 02
TOKENS & ESCAPE SEQUENCES
Lab Objectives:
At the end of this lab students will know about
Tokens
Types of escape sequences
Uses of escape sequences
How to use in C++ programs
What is a data type?
Different types of data types used in C++
How to use each data type
Tokens
Tokens are the minimal chunk of program that have meaning to the compiler –the smallest
meaningful symbols in the language. Our code displays all 6 kinds of tokens, though the usual
use of operators is not present here:
Token type Description/Purpose Examples
Keywords Words with special meaning int, double,for, if
to the compiler
Identifiers Names of sources in which cout, x1, cin
input or any data is stored
Literals Basic constant values 24.3, “Hello world”
Operators To perform operations like &, ||, +, -
logical, arithematic etc
Punctuation/Separators Defining the structure of {,},(, ;
program
Whitespace Spaces of various types use Newline, tab, backslash
for formatting
Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum
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Escape sequences:
– a symbol used to represent a special character in a text literal. The \n indicates a newline
character. It is an example of an escape sequence. Here are all the C++ escape sequences which
you can include in strings:
Escape Sequence Represented Character
\a System bell (beep sound)
\b Backspace
\f Form feed (page break)
\n Newline (line break)
\r “Carriage return” (returns cursor to start of line)
\t Tab
\\ Backslash
\’ Single quote character
\" Double quote character
Data Types
Every expression has a type – a formal description of what kind of data its value is. For instance, 0 is
an integer, 3.142 is a floating-point (decimal) number, and "Hello, world!\n" is a string value(a
sequence of characters). Data of different types take a different amounts of memory to store. Here are
the built-in data types we will use most often:
Type Description Size Range
Names
char Single text character or small integer. 1 byte signed: -128 to 127 unsigned:
Indicated with single quotes (’a’, ’3’). 0 to 255
int Larger integer. 4 byte signed: -2147483648 to
2147483647 unsigned: 0 to
4294967295
boolean Boolean (true/false). Indicated with the 1 byte Just true (1)or false (0).
keywords true and false.
double “Doubly” precise floating point number. 8 byte +/-1.7e +/-308 ( 15 digits)
Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum
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For Example:
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
int x=3;
y=3*x;
cout<< “value of x =”<< x<< “value of y=” << y;
getch();
}
Question#01
Print Diamond using escape sequence “\n” and “\t”? In single cout statement?
Output should be like
* * *
* * * * *
* * *
Question #02
Print your Result Card using required escape sequences? Print all other information as it is
but get input from user in obtained marks and calculate the percentage of entered marks?
Output:
Result Card
Name: ABC Reg. #: CIIT/---------
Session: Fall-16 Semester: 2
Subjects Total Marks Obtained Marks
Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum
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Digital Logic Design 100 ___user input___
Electronics-I 100 ___user input___
English 100 ___user input___
Percentage= %
Question#03
Develop a C++ program that declare almost 6 types of identifiers and display their sizes in
bytes on the screen.
Question #04
Develop a C++ program that prints the table of 2 without using loop?
Question #5:
write a program to swap the value of a and b
let a=10 and b = 20
your output should be
a = 20 and b = 10
Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum
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Class/Semester: BS(CS)/2 Lab Instructor: Rabbia Mahum
