CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

As said by the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, quarrying is a type of open-pit mine

in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or

slate is excavated from the ground. Our country, Philippines is prone to quarrying

and any forms of mining since it is blessed with minerals and any forms of soil.

Many people depend on quarrying as their main source of livelihood as miners, or

as the administrators of the different quarrying companies in which they sacrifice

their lives and the lives of many people just to sustain their basic needs and for

their loved ones. The country has also benefitted from quarrying since a huge part

of the country’s economy came from the minerals and other elements which have

been excavated from quarrying. The aggregates which have been excavated from

the quarrying is functional in view of the fact that it is used in making buildings,

infrastructures, and other commercial structures that help us become modernize.

Without these aggregates, maybe we still live in a house made of stones or rather

live in caves. At some point, the discovery of quarrying also became a blessing in

disguise and turned out to be the first step in achieving a civilized and modern

world.

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 Quarrying may have lots of advantages however on the contrary; it does a lot

of damage not just to the environment but also to mankind. People living just

nearby the area tend to suffer the consequences a lot, they are the ones affected the

most. Health problems may occur especially when it comes to respiration due to

the dusts and dirt that drifts within the area. Safety is also a concern since

catastrophes might happen during the process.

Many can benefit from this study, first are the residents. This study helps

raise awareness of the effects of quarrying on their community. This opens their

minds to new possibilities and somehow could either discourage or encourage

them in living nearby the quarrying sites.

Other are the readers, this study inputs more knowledge on the readers

specifically regarding the subject.

Theoretical Framework

Quarrying may do a big part in sustaining the country’s needs. But on the

other hand, it does a lot of damage to the society. Just recently, a catastrophe

occurred on the neighboring town of the researcher’s place of data gathering. A

landslide shook the whole neighborhood and took the lives of many people.

According to some basis, the landslide took place because of the quarrying

adjacent to the neighborhood. The quarrying company took responsibility of the

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damages and compensations of the tragedy that happened. That was a tragic

misfortune not just for the neighboring community but as well as the whole

society. It left everyone a lesson of being vigilant of their surroundings and for the

quarrying companies to comply all the necessary requirements for the safety of

everyone and to control the damages that might happen. With all the things that

happened, the researcher believes that quarrying should be diminished from the

country since it really does a huge damage to our motherland as well as the people.

Our once diverse mother nature became the target of quarrying and now turned to

subdivisions, villages, and became civilized. Nature was lost for the sake of

civilization. And the worst part is, ordinary people have to sacrifice lives in

exchange for the wealthy people’s wealth and benefits. Life is unfair, isn’t it? Rich

people became richer while destroying the lives of the ordinary people and

destroying our most precious mother nature. Diminishing quarrying may affect the

country’s economy and source of income but I guess there are some ways to

regain the country’s lost wealth. I do hope that people would realize that nothing

can ever exchange the value of nature so let us not replace nature over anything

else. On the researcher’s point of view, quarrying does no good in the community

and so the researcher neglects the idea of it, but somehow the researcher is open to

new ideas and maybe a change in point of view might happen as the researcher go

along the study.

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Statement of the Problem

The main gist of the study was to determine the effects of quarrying to the

selected residents of Brgy. Guindaruhan Minglanilla Cebu because the researcher

does believe that quarrying really does have an upshot in the resident’s living.

Particularly, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Is quarrying beneficial to the resident’s living? Or does it harm them and

their security?

2. Are the residents aware of the consequences that the quarrying might lead?

And do they know what to do whenever an accident happens?

3. How the local government unit did took part in maintaining the safety and

security of the people surrounding the area?

4. What are the effects of quarrying on the selected residents of Brgy.

Guindaruhan Minglanilla, Cebu?

Significance of the Study

The goal of this study is to be knowledgeable about the effects of quarrying

to the selected residents of Brgy. Guindaruhan Minglanilla, Cebu. This study has

the following points to meet:

1. Determine if living near the quarrying site is safe for the people.

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 2. To forewarn the people about the possible incidents that might occur.

3. Remind the people to be vigilant on their community.

4. To let the residents be aware of the effects of quarrying on their

community.

Scope and Limitation

The researcher used descriptive methods in determining the effects of

quarrying on the selected residents of Brgy. Guindaruhan Minglanilla Cebu. It was

narrowed down to determining whether it is beneficial to the community and the

people living or is it harmful to them, the pros and cons of quarrying, and how

doest it influence the lives of the resident living near it. The total respondents have

the total number of 20 comprised of 10 which are females and other 10 of them

were males who are residing at Brgy. Guindaruhan Minglanilla, Cebu and is just

living nearby the quarrying sites. The gathering of data and other necessary

information was done at Brgy. Guindaruhan Minglanilla, Cebu due to some

grounds that it is the only quarrying site that is accessible from the researcher’s

residence and is just across the area so the researcher is also affected by the study.

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 Definition of Terms

For a better understanding of the study, the following words are

systematically defined.

SUSTAIN -withstand something

GIST -main point

UPSHOT -outcome

FOREWARN -to warn somebody

VIGILANT -watchful

PROS AND CONS -advantage and disadvantage

EXCAVATED -to hollow something out

CATASTROPHE -disaster

ADJACENT -neighboring

COMPENSATIONS -amends

EXPLICITLY -clearly

AUTHENTICATING -validating

ATTAIN -achieve

MISPERCEPTION -confusion

AGGREGATE -collection

FUNCTIONAL -useful

INPUTS -stores

DIMINISH -minimize

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter indicates the different literature and studies regarding the

researcher’s chosen topic. The articles and the authors’ different opinions explain

the significance and the negative side of mining. In this chapter, mining is being

used the subject since quarrying is a form of mining and they are both on the same

track.

Hammond: Mining and quarrying wastes pose problems of environmental

pollution. To prevent this, uses must be found for these wastes. The purpose of

this paper is to review the availability, distribution and uses of wastes from most

mining countries of the world. Some of the uses identified for the waste materials

are as concrete aggregates for construction purposes, and for production of brick

and tile, cement and pozzolana, and as pigments for paints. The paper stresses that

by using the waste materials, natural resources will be conserved, energy will be

saved and environmental pollution reduced.

Wellmann: “We cannot have the 21st Century lifestyle we aspire to without

mining.” If this question was not asked in such a formal context, I might have

pulled out a response I have when the question is asked of me next to a barbeque

or at a bar. “If not for mining, we would still be living in a cave, quivering in the

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dark and riding a donkey when we could find one.” Same with oil and gas. And

large scale agriculture. And manufacturing.

The reasons I say this? Well, I could tell the person/s that the mining and

metal industry spans a complex web that includes about 6,000 companies

employing some 2.5 million people across the world and that the informal

artisanal and small-scale mining likely includes some 15-20 million people or

more.

Jerow: Several people testified that sulfide mining should be prohibited.

Unfortunately, a country zoning ordinance cannot prohibit mining as the state of

Wisconsin is the primary regulator of sulfide mining in Wisconsin. Hopefully, the

country board will listen to the people and enact a tough ordinance that protects

our tourism-based economy in the Northwoods.

There is one way in which the country board can prevent sulfide mining in

the town of Lynne, the largest known economically viable mineral deposit in the

country. The country board can choose not to lease the mineral rights to a mining

company. The mineral deposit lies on country forest land and the rights to mine

the minerals owned collectively by the citizens of Oneida Country (you and me). It

requires two-thirds vote of the county board to withdraw country forest land for

the purpose of establishing an open pit mine.

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Wilkinson: First let’s talk about mining in general. Specifically about mining

versus straight up buying coins. If you decided to build a mining rig 3 months

ago, you’re well on your way to paying back your hardware costs, in about 6-12

months you will probably have mined enough to break even or just turn a profit.

Instead, if you bought any number of the major top 50 crypto currencies 3 months

ago, you’d probably have an unrealized gain of about 300%+, maybe even

upwards of 1000%

Now, this isn’t always the case. When prices of coins skyrocket, it is obvious

that buying the coins outright is better. However, when the prices move sideways

for long periods of time, mining will be superior. If prices tank, both situations

lose, but perhaps the miner is in a slightly better situation due to having actual

assets like GPU hardware.

Cloud mining is a service where you pay people money in order for them to

handle all the mining for you. I see many problems with this approach. It has all

the drawbacks of mining yourself, at the premium of giving people a cut as well as

trusting they aren’t lying about earnings. If the prices skyrocket after you purchase

a cloud mining contract, well you don’t see any of those gains. If the prices move

sideways, okay great things are looking good. If the prices plummet, well you’re

as fucked as the investors in the coins and you don’t even have the hardware to

show for it.

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LAMARE: Mining is carried out by open cast method of mining which is taking

place at both large scale and small scale levels. The limestone mined is used

chiefly for the manufacturing of cement, lime and edible lime etc. Scientific

studies revealed that loss of forest cover, pollution of water, soil and air, depletion

of natural flora and fauna, reduction in biodiversity, erosion of soil, instability of

soil and rock masses, changes in landscape and degradation of agriculture land are

some of the conspicuous environmental implications of limestone mining. In this

paper, we have reviewed the status of limestone mining and its environmental

implications in Meghalaya, India. Results on impact of limestone mining on

quality of water, soil and air, degradation of forest and availability of water are

summarized and discussed. Based on overall impact of limestone mining in the

area it is suggested that all stakeholders particularly the owners of mines and

cement plants should give necessary attention to environmental issues prevailing

in the area. Initiatives for proper management of natural resources such as water,

soil and forest should be taken to halt further loss of forest cover and top soil and

to prevent deterioration of water quality, soil degradation, air and noise pollution.

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design used, the respondents, instruments

used, data gathering method, and the statistical treatment of the results of the

study.

Research Design

The descriptive method explicitly the survey and the gathering of data was

used in authenticating research findings to attain the objectives of the study which

is to determine the effects of quarrying on the selected residents of Barangay

Guindaruhan. This is an information-gathering study that is done through the

process of data collection which enables the researcher to describe the situation

more completely than was possible.

Research Respondents

In this study, data has been collected using survey method. The

questionnaires are to be answered by the selected residents that live within the

community. The respondents have a sum of 20 which includes 10 females and 10

males aged 15 and upwards.

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Research Instruments

The researcher used survey questionnaires in gathering the data needed. Two

sets of questionnaires used in this study were related to the aim of the researcher in

order to gather the information needed in completing this study. The

questionnaires were to be answered by checking the desired answer. All the

questionnaires were distributed to each respondent. The language used in the

questionnaires was English for easier comprehension. After the questionnaires

were answered and collected, the researcher also conducted the interview to the

groups of respondents for additional information and further conception.

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to conduct this study, the researcher had asked each possible

respondent if they are willing to be part of this study as respondents, the

questionnaires were then distributed to the willing respondents personally to

provide the necessary data needed in the study. Since the location of the data

gathering was outside the researcher’s school but just on the neighboring

community of the researcher’s current residence, the researcher only conducted the

survey during her free time after classes. The researcher had guided the

respondents individually in answering the survey questionnaires for possible

questions and misperceptions to be clarified. After the respondents answered the

questionnaires, they were then collected.

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Statistical Treatment

After the questionnaires were collected, the results were recorded, and the

data was then analyzed and evaluated. Data that were collected will be converted

to percentage to provide meaningful description of the results.

The formula for percentage is

f
% = ▬ x 100
N

Where:
% = percentage
f = frequency
N = total number of frequency
P = f/Nx100

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 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered regarding the effects of quarrying on

the selected residents of Brgy. Guindaruhan, Minglanilla, Cebu. The analysis and

interpretation of data were based on the answers of the respondents.

Table 1. Population of Study

TOTAL
NUMBER OF FEMALE PERCENTAGE MALE PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
30 15 50% 15 50%

Table 1 shows the total number of selected male and female residents of the

Brgy. Guindaruhan who were chosen to be respondents. 15 of the respondents or

50% were male and the other 50% were female.

Table 2- Question No. 1

HOW LONG HAVE

YOU BEEN LIVING IN TOTAL NUMBER PERCENTAGE
THE COMMUNITY
0-5 years 3 10%
6-10 years 2 6.7%
11-15 years 1 3.3%
16-20 years 15 50%
21 years and up 9 30%

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 Table 2 shows how long the residents have been living in the community. 3

of them or 10% says they have been living for 0-5 years, 2 or 6.7% says 6-10

years, 1 or 3.3 % says 11-15 years, 15 or 50% says 16-20 years, and 0 or 30% says

the have been living for 21 years and up.

Table 3- Question No. 2

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you have
any family
members who
10 33.3% 20 66.7%
experience
respiratory
illness?

Table 3 shows if the residents have any family members who have

experienced respiratory illnesses. 10 of the residents or 33.3% said they have

family members who have experience, while 20 or 66.7% said they do not have

any.

Table 4- Question No.3

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you think it
is because of
19 63.3% 11 36.7%
your
surroundings?
Table 4 shows if the residents think if this illness is caused by their

surroundings. 19 or 63.3% agrees, while 11 or 36.7% says no.

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Table 5- Question No. 4

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you live
along the main 21 70% 9 30%
road?

Table 5 shows if the residents live along the main road of their community.

21 or 70% says they live along the main road, and 9 or 30% says the do not.

Table 6- Question No. 5

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do the dump
trucks passing
by the road 19 63.3% 11 36.7%
bother or
disturb you?

Table 6 shows if the residents are bothered of the dump trucks passing by

their area. 19 or 63.3% says they are bothered, while 11 or 36.7% says they are not

bothered.

Table 7- Question No. 6

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Does having
dusty roads
affect you and 19 63.3% 11 36.7%
your family
members?

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 Table 7 shows if the residents and their family members are affected by

having dusty roads. 19 or 63.3% says they are affected, while 11 or 36.7% says

they are not affected.

Table 8- Question No. 7

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 Table 8 shows if the residents are distracted by the quarrying site just nearby.

16 or 53.3% says they are distracted, while 14 or 46.7% says they are not.

Table 9- Question No. 8

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you think
your
community is 22 73.3% 8 26.7%
conducive to
live in?

Table 9 shows if the residents think their community is conducive to live in.

22 or 73.3% says their community is conducive, while 8 or 26.7% says their

community is not conducive to live in.

Table 10- Question No. 9

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Are you in
favor of having
a quarrying site 19 63.3% 11 36.7%
within your
area?

Table 10 shows if the residents are in favor of having a quarrying within

their community. 19 or 63.3% says they are in favor, while 11 or 36.7% says they

are not in favor.

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Table 11- Question No. 10

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you think
the quarrying
activity will be
8 26.7% 22 73.3%
beneficial for
you and your
community?

Table 11 shows if the residents think that the quarrying activity will be

beneficial for them and their community. 8 or 26.7% says it is beneficial, while 22

or 73.3% says it is not.

Table 12- Question No. 11

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you feel
unsafe because
16 53.3% 14 46.7%
of the quarrying
activity?

Table 12 shows if the residents feel unsafe because of the quarrying activity.

16 or 53.3% says they feel unsafe, while 14 or 46.7% says they feel safe.

Table 13- Question No. 12

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 QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE
Are you aware
of what might
happen because 21 70% 9 30%
of the quarrying
activity?

Table 13 shows if the residents are aware of what might happen because of

the quarrying activity. 21 or 70% says they are aware, while 9 or 30% says they

are not aware.

Table 14- Question No. 13

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Have you or
any member of
your family
5 16.7% 25 83.3%
encountered
accidents
within the area?
Table 14 shows if the residents or any family members have encountered

accidents within the area. 5 or 16.7% says they have encountered, while 25 or

83.3% says they have not.

Table 15- Question No. 14

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you know
what to do
whenever an
16 53.3% 14 46.7%
accident or
tragedy might
happen?

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 Table 15 shows if the residents know what to whenever any tragedy might

happen. 16 or 53.3% says they know, while 14 or 46.7% says they do not.

Table 16- Question No. 15

QUESTION YES PERCENTAGE NO PERCENTAGE

Do you think
the local
government
unit is making a
12 40% 18 60%
move to ensure
security and
safety around
the area?

Table 16 shows if the residents think that the local government unit is making

a move to ensure their safety. 12 or 40% says yes, while 18 or 60% says no.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This study was formulated in order to determine the effects of quarrying on

the residents of Brgy. Guindaruhan.

Specifically sought to answer the following questions:

Is quarrying beneficial to the resident’s living? Or does it harm them and

their security?

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 Are the residents aware of the consequences that the quarrying might

lead? And do they know what to do whenever an accident happens?

Did the local government unit took part in maintaining the safety and

security of the people surrounding the area?

The following questions mentioned above are answered through giving the

residents survey questionnaires which are then answered truthfully. After

analyzing the gathered data, results show that most of the residents feel unsafe

because of the quarrying activity on their community. Majority of the residents

also agreed that quarrying does not give any benefits in their living yet they are the

ones greatly affected, however few said that it is beneficial for it gives

employment to their family members. On the brighter side, the residents are aware

of the consequences the quarrying might lead them to and are knowledgeable in

case any unwanted phenomenon might occur. And lastly, the local government

unit did not take any actions to ensure the safety and security of the residents while

there is a quarrying activity operating on their community. Quarrying may be an

alarm to the residents and become a disadvantage, but it also helps the community

in some ways.

Conclusion

From the findings, the researcher believes that the quarrying has negative

impacts on the residents’ living. Though there is no direct impact on the residents

but the mere fact that this has caused the residents to become troubled knowing

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that any moment the quarrying might cause a huge damage to the community.

They feel unsafe living in their own community and this issue is something that

should not be belittle of to think that an incident has already occurred on the same

activity but on different community so preventive measures must be taken in order

preclude any unwanted phenomenon. As the saying goes “Prevention is better than

cured”. The dump trucks that pass through the road carrying tons of aggregate

back and forth are also a distraction to the community. The filthy roads brought by

these dump trucks affect the people especially with their health. The noise coming

from the activity also distracts the people especially during nighttime and the

people especially the infants have trouble sleeping because of the noise whenever

the quarrying activity will have their overtime operation. Most of the people

disagrees with having a quarrying but says that they have nothing to do with it and

their opinion won’t matter anymore so they just continue living life on their

community regardless of the danger, hoping that everyday will be a safe day for all

of them. Nevertheless, this has also given benefits such as giving employment to

the people and helping their community’s economy as well.

Recommendations

The result and conclusion led to the following recommendations:

1. The residents should be vigilant of their community and practice preventive

measures to prevent undesirable happenings.

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2. The local government unit of the barangay should take actions to ensure the

safety and security of the residents since there is a quarry operating on their

area. They must also make sure that this activity could not lead to any

damages may it be with the people, their nature, or with the whole

community as well.

3. Quarrying operators and workers should be extra cautious of their work and

make sure that no one or nothing is harmed. And they must also be

protective of themselves knowing this is a dangerous job and safety first is

a must.

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