Scribd
Upload
199 views

Frame Relay Is A Standardized

Frame Relay is a packet switching WAN technology that specifies the physical and data link layers for digital telecommunications. It is commonly used to connect LANs over a WAN in a less expensive way than leased lines. Each user gets a private line to a Frame Relay node, and the network handles transmission transparently. However, with newer technologies like Ethernet over fiber, MPLS, and broadband, Frame Relay's use may decline except in rural areas lacking other options.

Uploaded by

laur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
199 views

Frame Relay Is A Standardized

Frame Relay is a packet switching WAN technology that specifies the physical and data link layers for digital telecommunications. It is commonly used to connect LANs over a WAN in a less expensive way than leased lines. Each user gets a private line to a Frame Relay node, and the network handles transmission transparently. However, with newer technologies like Ethernet over fiber, MPLS, and broadband, Frame Relay's use may decline except in rural areas lacking other options.

Uploaded by

laur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Frame Relay

Frame Relay is a standardized wide area network technology that specifies


the physical and data link layers of digital telecommunications channels using a packet
switching methodology. Originally designed for transport across Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN) infrastructure, it may be used today in the context of many other network interfaces.
Network providers commonly implement Frame Relay for voice (VoFR) and data as
an encapsulation technique used between local area networks (LANs) over a wide area
network (WAN). Each end-user gets a private line (or leased line) to a Frame Relay node. The
Frame Relay network handles the transmission over a frequently changing path transparent to all
end-user extensively used WAN protocols. It is less expensive than leased lines and that is one
reason for its popularity. The extreme simplicity of configuring user equipment in a Frame Relay
network offers another reason for Frame Relay's popularity.
With the advent of Ethernet over fiber optics, MPLS, VPN and dedicated broadband services
such as cable modem and DSL, the end may loom for the Frame Relay protocol and encapsulation.
[speculation?]
 However many rural areas remain lacking DSL and cable modem services. In such cases,
the least expensive type of non-dial-up connection remains a 64-kbit/s Frame Relay line. Thus a
retail chain, for instance, may use Frame Relay for connecting rural stores into their corporate WAN.
A data link connection identifier (DLCI) is a Frame Relay 10 bit wide link-local virtual
circuit identifier used to assign frames to a specific PVC or SVC. Frame Relay networks use DLCIs
to statistically multiplex frames. DLCIs are preloaded into each switch and act as road signs to the
traveling frames.[1]
The standard allows the existence of 1024 DLCIs. DLCI 0 reserved for ANSI/q993a LMI
standard - only numbers 16 to 976 are usable for end-user equipment. DLCI 1023 is reserved
for Cisco LMI - however, the numbers usable are from 16 to 1007.[2]
In summary, only numbers from 16 to 1007 are available for end users' equipment (If using
Cisco LMI). The rest are reserved for various management purposes. [3] DLCI are Layer 2 Addresses
that are locally significant. No two devices have the same DLCI mapped to its interface in one frame
relay cloud.
DTE or DCE?
Devices that communicate over a serial interface are divided into two classes:
DTE and DCE. The most important difference between these types of devices is that
the DCE device supplies the clock signal that paces the communications on the bus.
The documentation provided with the device should indicate whether it is DTE or DCE
(some devices have a jumper to select either mode). If you cannot find the information
in the documentation, use the following general guidelines to help you select the proper
class:
  DTE DCE Selectable DTE or DCE*
Terminals, Data Service Unit/Channel
Device Service Unit (DSU/CSU), Multiplexors Modems Hubs, Routers
Gender Male Female Either
* Selectable devices usually have a jumper, switch, or software command used to select DTE
or DCE.

Realizarea unei conexiuni intre 3 routere:

 Intre cloud si routere se foloseste cablu serial DCE, cu DCE in cloud si DTE pe router.
 La fiecare router se ataseaza cate un PC cu cablu cross-over; Se fac trei retele diferite.
 Se configureaza retelele si routerele astfel incat sa fie cnectivitate intre ele.
 La interfetele dinspre cloud se da encapsulation frame-relay, se seteaza subinterfete, cu
comanda int se0/2.301 point-to-point, dupa care se pun IP-urile.
 Se stabilesc DLCI pentru fiecare retea.

Router(config)#int se2/0.302 point-to-point


Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0.302, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0.302, changed state to up


Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.2.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#bandwith 64
Router(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 302
 La cloud se seteaza interface si frame-relay sa corespunda cu diagrama.

You might also like