PRACTICAL 12

RESEARCH 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 1

 A module developed by DepEd-Davao City
Icons were illustrated by

Copyright Page

Writer:

TITO D. DARAY JR.

Teacher I, Pablo Lorenzo National High School

Evaluators:

SHERWIN S. FORTUGALIZA
Master Teacher I, Davao City National High School

APPLE MAY A. TAÑEGA

Teacher II, Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School

AMYLYN F. LABASANO
Master Teacher II, Calinan National High School

Illustrator:

ANGELITO HORMS
Student, Davao City National High School

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 2

 ______________________________________
Information about this ADM learner s material

I. Objectives: The learner demonstrates understanding the

characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and

Ia. Content Standard
kinds of quantitative research. the importance

of quantitative research across fields and the

nature of variables

The learner is able to decide on suitable

quantitative research in different areas of

Ib. Performance Standard interest appropriately manages concerns and

challenges during adolescence to achieve

holistic health.

. Ic. Learning Competency The learner describes characteristics,

strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of

quantitative research. (CS_RS12-Ia-c-1)

II. Content / Topic Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 3

 To the Learner

Hi! Good day student! How are you today?

This is the introductory part of Practical

Research 2 focusing on quantitative research.

Module 1 will guide you to learn the basic

things about quantitative research specifically on

describing the characteristics, strengths and

weaknesses, and its kinds. Along with this, you

will also discover important information which is

necessary in the succeeding lessons.

I hope that you will find it interesting and

meaningful because we believe that we are all

inquisitive and curious by nature.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 4

 Let’s Learn This

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Define quantitative research; and

2. Describe the characteristics of quantitative

research.

Introduction

Quantitative research is a systematic investigation of observable phenomena

where the researcher gathers numerical (quantitative) data and subjects them to

statistical methods. The method of research is highly deductive as it uses data to test

hypotheses and theories. Quantitative research uses statistical methods to present and

interpret the data gathered by the researcher (Babbie, 2010).

The main goals of quantitative research are to test hypotheses, explore causal

relationships, make prediction and generalize the findings within a population.

Compared to qualitative research, quantitative typically uses larger samples (or sets of

respondents of the study), and primarily utilizes probability sampling. This type of

sampling is highly randomized. Because of this, quantitative research is often said

exhibit a lower level of subjectivity and a higher level rate of generalizability.

Generalizability refers to the extent to which the findings not only represent the sample

but also the population at large (Palmer, 2019).

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 5

 Let’s Try This

Word Maze

Instruction: Encircle the word or group of words in the maze that is described in each

item. Rewrite your answer beside the scrambled letters and hint.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 6

__________ 1. There are fewer chances of getting unclear information or wrong

information from the respondents (HIYGHL RBELIALE)

__________ 2. These is a question type that asks respondents to indicate an answer

based from a set of pre-defined responses (CSLOE EENDD)

__________ 3. Consists of a set of standardized questions with a fixed scheme, which

specifies the exact wording and order of the questions, for gathering

information from respondents (STTURRUCED)

__________ 4. The data is presented in numbers like frequency distribution and

percentage (NULMERICA OUMTCOE)

__________ 5. Quantitative research needs a lot of audience/ respondents to represent

the whole target population and to ensure reliability (LEARG SPAMLE)

__________ 6. A decision can be taken for the entire population based on the outcome

of the sample population (NREEDLGAIZE)

Are you done? How was it? Good job! The terms

you answered above are keywords relevant to our

current topic, then consider it correct. Anyway, we will

process your answers for better understanding of our

lesson.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 7

 Analysis

Now, lets us think deeper. Take a glance to

your previous answers before answering the guide

questions below.

Guide Questions:

1. What words did you discover?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. What do you think is the connection of those words you have discovered to

quantitative research?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 8

 For sure you now have background knowledge

on the topic. Now, I want you to focus on some points

to ponder and expound beyond.

Lesson: Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Learning the characteristics of quantitative research according to Barrot

(2017) will guide you as a researcher the standards you need to consider upon

conducting your study. Your goal of conducting the study is to collect and analyze

numerical data that will produce an unbiased result, represent a larger population and

explain a particular observation.

Quantitative research is a popular choice of research, especially in

industries. As companies want to know about the demand for the product in the

market and preference of customers before making huge investments. With the

help of quantitative research, one can learn about the wishes and needs of target

groups (Creswell, 2002) .

Quantitative research as emphasized by Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009) is

used to get answers in numerical form. The output of quantitative research is usually in

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 9

the form of graphs, statistical data, tables, and percentages, etc. The purpose of

using quantitative research is to make the use of mathematical and statistical models to

establish an understanding of the problem of research. The outcome of quantitative

research is analyzed with the help of statistics to get unbiased results. The results of

quantitative research can be generalized because it is conducted on a large population

size.

The following are different characteristics of quantitative research (Babbie,

2010):

1. Large Sample Size. Quantitative research is done on a large number of

audiences to ensure reliability. The sample size used in quantitative research

represents the whole target market or population. Because of this characteristic

of quantitative research, most organizations prefer to invest in quantitative

research rather than investing in qualitative research.

2. Structured Research Methods. Structural research methods like survey

questionnaires are used to conduct quantitative research. In-depth information

about the preferences of the respondents can be drawn using these structured

research methods. These survey questionnaires are easy to conduct through

offline means. The respondent is only required to fill out the questionnaire and is

not required to be part of the research process for a long time.

3. Highly Reliable Outcome. The outcome of quantitative research methods is

quite reliable, as respondents of the research face close-ended questions.

Therefore, there are fewer chances of getting unclear information or wrong

information from the respondents.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 10

 Quantitative research methods are used for industrial research purposes

because of its reliability. Moreover, the Outcome of quantitative research is easy

to understand and explain. the researchers present the outcome of the research

to get the approval of the management, and management can understand this

information quickly because it is represented in the form of tables and graphs.

4. Close-ended Questions. Another characteristic of quantitative research is

close-ended questions. Close-ended question’s answers are more specific and

right to the question than the open-ended questions. Responses to open-ended

questions are more detailed and scattered, and it requires real skills to pick out

the answers that you need.

Moreover, responses to Close-ended questions are more reliable than the

answers to questions of open-ended questions. In addition to this, people also

prefer to answer close-ended questions than open-ended questions for various

reasons. The followings are a few examples of close-ended questions. Example:

 How often do you shop online?

 How often do you pay for the subscription of a mobile app?

 How much are you ready to pay to buy a women’s health magazine?

The answer to the above questions would be in numerical form, which can

be used to derive meaningful conclusions.

5. Numerical Outcome. The outcome of quantitative research is always in

numerical form. For example, the result of research can be represented in

percentage, range of numbers.

A numerical output is easy to read and understand, and it is easy to

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 11

 deduce a conclusion from the numerical outcome than a detailed result.

6. Generalization of Outcome. The outcome of quantitative research can be

generalized easily for the whole population. The reason behind this is that

quantitative research is conducted on a large sample of the population. A

decision can be taken for the entire population based on the outcome of the

sample population.

7. Clearly Defined Research Questions. This characteristic simply requires

objective answer and helps the researcher to focus their works towards

accepting or rejecting a specific hypothesis.

This time, let us check your understanding

about the short discussion above. You are going to

answer the following activity.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 12

 Let’s Do This

Exercise No. 1

Instruction: Write S on the blank if a quantitative research is suitable for the given

questions and N if it is not.

____1. What is your perception about the K to 12 curriculum implementation?

____2. What is the total population of students in Senior High School?

____3. What is the rank of our candidate during the Miss Universe 2018 competition?

____4. How do the people in Marawi cope up their stress during the war?

____5. What is the average score of Grade 11 students in the National Achievement

Test?

____6. Why are many students come to school very late?

____7. What are the factors that determine the motivation of teachers in remote areas?

____8. What is the currency rate of peso-dollar?

____9. What are the challenges of teachers teaching in the conflict areas in Mindanao?

____10. How many percent of students were promoted last SY 2016-2017?

Great job! You have accomplished lesson 1.

Continue your dedication to learn. We will be moving

on to the next lesson until you finish the whole

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 13

 Let’s Remember This

1. Quantitative research is a systematic study of existing problems by collecting and

analyzing numerical data using statistical processes that generalize findings,

predict future outcomes and investigate causal relationship.

2. The following are the characteristics of quantitative research:

a. Large Sample Size;

b. Structured Research Methods;

c. Highly Reliable Outcome;

d. Close-ended Questions;

e. Numerical Outcome;

f. Generalization of Outcome; and

g. Clearly Defined Research Questions.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 14

 Let’s Test Ourselves

Multiple Choice

Instruction. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before each item.

____1. A quantitative research has numerical outcome when _______.

a. The result represents the characteristics of the whole population.

b. The reason why the findings in quantitative research can generalize the whole
population.
c. The researcher allows the respondents to just pick or select their answer from the
listed options.
d. The researcher is allowed to present the findings of the study through
percentage, frequency distribution and range of numbers.

____2. The goals of quantitative research can be described as EXCEPT one:

a. Make prediction
b. Test of hypotheses
c. Explore experiences
d. Predict future outcomes

____3. A quantitative research follows closed ended questions when ______.

a. The result represents the characteristics of the whole population.

b. The reason why the findings in quantitative research can generalize the whole
population.
c. The researcher allows the respondents to just pick or select their answer from the
listed options.
d. The researcher is allowed to present the findings of the study through
percentage, frequency distribution and range of numbers.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 15

____4. A quantitative study is generalizable when _____.

a. The result represents the characteristics of the whole population.

b. The reason why the findings in quantitative research can generalize the whole
population.
c. The researcher allows the respondents to just pick or select their answer from the
listed options.
d. The researcher is allowed to present the findings of the study through
percentage, frequency distribution and range of numbers.

____5. What is the reason why the findings in quantitative research can generalize the

whole population?

a. Because the questions are close-ended form

b. Because it has a large sample size
c. Because it has a structured research method
d. Because it can generate a numerical outcome

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 16

References

Babbie, E. R. (2010), The Practice of Social Research. 13th ed. Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Retrieved on July 22, 2020 from

[Link]

pdf.

Barrot, J.S. (2017). Practical research 2. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E

Publishing, Inc.

Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research planning, conducting, and evaluating

quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill

Prentice Hall.

Palmer, Drew (2019). Research methods in social science, ED-Tech Press, 54,

Sun St., Waltham Abbey Essex, United Kingdom, EN9 IEJ

Vanderstoep, S.W. & Johnston, D.D. (2009). Research method for everyday life.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 17

Answer Key

WORD MAZE

1. HIGHLY RELIABLE

2. CLOSE ENDED

3. STRUCTURED

4. NUMERICAL OUTCOME

5. LARGE SAMPLE

6. GENERALIZED

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 18

LET’S DO THIS

1. N 6. N

2. S 7. S

3. S 8. S

4. N 9. N

5. S 10. S

LET’S TEST OURSELVES

1. c

2. b

3. a

4. d

5. b

Writer: Tito D. Daray, Jr., Pablo Lorenzo National High School 19