Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
WEEK 5
DIFFERENTIABILITY AND CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION
AND
DIFFERENTIATION RULES
MELC: The learner determine the relationship between differentiability and continuity of a function.
(STEM_BC11D-IIIf-1)
The learner apply the differentiation rules in computing the derivative of an algebraic, exponential,
logarithmic, trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions. (STEM_BC11D-IIIf-3)

Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lessons, the learner is able to: a) determine the relationship
between differentiability and continuity of a function. b) applies apply the differentiation rules in computing
the derivative of an algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric
functions

INTRODUCTION
Things to Remember:
 The operation of finding the derivative of a function is called differentiation.
 A function is said to be differentiable at a point when its derivative exists at a point. Hence, the
function f is differentiable at a point c in its domain if there is a defined value for the limit
f ( x +h )−f (x)
lim . In other words, a function will not be differentiable atx=c when the limit does
h→ 0 h
not exist at c or when the limit is infinity.
 The relationship between continuity and differentiability is summarized below.
A. If a function is differentiable at x – c, then it is continuous atx – c. So, differentiability implies
continuity.
B. It is possible for a function to be continuous at x – c and not be differentiable at x=c. So,
continuity does not imply differentiability.
 The derivative of a function is the ratio of the difference of function value f (x) at points x + Δx and x
with Δx , when Δxis infinitesimally small.
f ( x +∆ x )−f ( x) f ( x+ ∆ x )−f (x)
f ' ( x )= lim f ' ' ( x ) = lim
∆ x →0 ∆x ∆ x→ 0 ∆x
 The derivative is the function slope or slope of the tangent line at point x.
 The derivative has many symbols. The most common is ‘ or “prime.” If you are given an equation
f(x), the derivative is simply written as f ‘(x). This is said out loud as, ” f prime of x.” If you are
given an equation y, the derivative is y’ or “y prime.”
dy
 Other ways that you might see the derivative are (another very common notation), and D x(y).
dx
dy
These are both spoken as “the derivative of y with respect to x”. However , can also be called
dx
“dee-why-dee-exx” (just saying the letters).

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
 Here are useful rules to help you work out the derivatives of many functions.
Note: the little mark ’ means "Derivative of".
Common Function Derivative
Functions
Constant c 0
Line x 1
ax a
Square x 2
2 x
Square Root 1
√x 1
2x2
Exponential ex ex
x
a ln ( a ) a x
Logarithms ln (x) 1
x
1
log a x x ln( a)
Trigonometry (x is sin x cos x
in radians) cos x −sin x
tan x sec 2 x
sin x−1
1
√1−x2
Inverse −1
Trigonometry cos−1 x √1−x2
1
tan−1 x
√1+ x 2

 The Differentiation Rules/Derivative Rules

1. CONSTANT RULE
dy d
If c is any constant and y=f ( x )=cfor all x, then = c=f ' ( x )=0
dx dx
The derivative of a constant is zero
Example: f ( x )=17
Solution: f ' ( x )=0

2. POWER RULE
d n
If y=x n is a power function for some positive integer n , then ( x )=nxn−1
dx
Example: Find the derivative of f (x)= x100 .
Solution: f ' (x)=100 x 100−1

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(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
[email protected]
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
¿ 100 x 99

3. CONSTANT MULTIPLE RULE

d d
If c is a constant and f (x) is a differentiable function, then cf (x )=c f ( x )
dx dx
This means that the derivative of a constant multiplied by a function is equal to the constant times the
derivative of the original function.
Example: Find the derivative of f (x)=7 x 5.
Solution: f ' (x)=7 ∙5 x 5−1
¿ 35 x 4
4. SUM and DIFFRENCE RULE
d d d
If f ( x )∧g ( x) are differentiable functions, then [ f ( x)± g( x ) ] = f ( x) ± g( x )
dx dx dx
This means that the derivative of the sum or difference of two differentiable functions is equal to the
sum or difference of their derivatives.
Example: Find the derivative of f (x)=7 x 5 +2 x 2−5 x
Solution: f ' (x)=7 x 5 +2 x 2−5 x
¿ 5 ∙7 x 5−1 +2∙ 2 x2−1−1 ∙ 5 x 1−1
¿ 35 x 4 +4 x −5

5. PRODUCT RULE
d d d
If f ( x )∧g ( x) are differentiable functions, then [ f ( x)∙ g( x ) ] =f ( x ) g ( x ) +g ( x) f (x )
dx dx dx
This means, the derivative of the product of two differentiable functions is the first function times the
derivative of the second function plus the second function times the derivative of the first function.
Example: a. Differentiate the function f ( x )=(4 x−3)(2 x +5)
Solution: f ' ( x )=(4 x−3)(2 x +5)
= ( 4 x−3 ) ( 2 )+(2 x+5)(4)
¿ 8 x−6+ 8 x +20
¿ 16 x+ 14

b. Differentiate the function f ( x )=(3 x 2−4)2

Solution: f ( x )=(3 x 2−4)2
¿ ( 3 x 2−4 ) ( 3 x2 −4 )

f ' ( x )=( 3 x 2−4 ) ( 2 ∙3 x 2−1 )+ ( 3 x2 −4 )( 2∙ 3 x2−1 )

¿ ( 3 x 2−4 ) ( 6 x )+ ( 3 x 2−4 ) ( 6 x )
¿ 18 x3 −24 x +18 x 3−24 x
¿ 36 x 3−48 x

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL

6. QUOTIENT RULE
If f ( x )∧g ( x) are differentiable functions at x, with g ( x ) ≠ 0 , then
d d
g ( x ) f ( x )−f (x) g( x)
d f ( x) dx dx
=
dx g (x) [ g (x) ]
2

This means, that the derivative of the quotient of two differentiable functions is equal to the denominator
times the derivative of the numerator minus the numerator times the derivative of the denominator, all divided
by the square of the original denominator.
x 2+3
Example: Differentiate the function f ( x )=
5 x+ 4

x 2+3
Solution: f ( x )=
5 x+ 4

( x ¿¿ 2+3)(1∙ 5 x1−1 )
f ' ( x )=( 5 x + 4 ) ( 2∙ x 2−1 )− ¿
(5 x +4 )2
( x ¿¿ 2+ 3)(5) 10 x 2 +8 x−5 x 2−15 5 x 2 +8 x−15
¿ ( 5 x+ 4 )( 2 x )− ¿= =
( 5 x + 4 )2 (5 x + 4)
2
(5 x +4)
2

7. The Derivative of the Sine Function

sin x=cos x Example 2. Differentiate y=sin ⁡(2 x+1)
Example 1. y=sin ⁡(2 x+1)
Differentiate y=sin ⁡(5 x) d
' d y ' =cos (2 x +1 ) ( 2 x+1 )
y =cos (5 x ) ( 5 x ) dx
dx ¿ cos ( 2 x+ 1 )( 2 )
¿ cos ( 5 x )( 5 ) y '=2cos ⁡(2 x+1)
y '=5 cos ⁡(5 x)

8. The Derivative of the Cosine Function

cos x=sin x
Example 1. Differentiate y=cos ⁡( 2 x) Example 2. Differentiate y=cos ⁡( x 2 )
d d 2
y ' =sin ( 2 x ) ( 2 x ) y ' =−sin ( x 2 ) (x )
dx dx
¿ sin ( 2 x ) ( 2 ) ¿−sin ( x 2) ( 2 x )
y '=2sin ⁡(2 x ) y '=−2 x sin ⁡(x 2 )

9. The Derivative of the Tangent Function

tan x=sec 2 x
Example 1. Differentiate y=tan ⁡( 2 x ) Example 2. Differentiate y=tan ⁡( 4 x−1)
d d
y ' =sec 2 ( 2 x ) ( 2 x ) y ' =sec 2 ( 4 x−1 ) ( 4 x−1 )
dx dx
¿ sec 2 ( 4 x−1 )( 4 )
y '=sec 2 ⁡( 4 x−1)
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¿ sec 2 ( 2 x ) ( 2 )
y '=2 sec 2 ⁡(2 x)

10. The Derivative of the Cosecant Function:

cscx=−cscxcotx
Example 1. Differentiate y=csc ⁡(5 x) Example 2. Differentiate y=csc ( 2 x 2 )
d d
y ' =−csc ( 5 x ) cot ⁡(5 x) (5 x ) y ' =−csc ( 2 x 2 ) cot ( 2 x 2 ) ( 2 x2 )
dx dx
¿−csc ( 5 x ) cot ⁡(5 x )(5) ¿−csc ( 2 x 2 ) cot ( 2 x2 ) ( 4 x )
y '=−5 cot (5 x ) csc ⁡(5 x) y ' =−4 x csc ( 2 x 2 )cot( 2 x 2)
11. The Derivative of the Secant Function
sec x=sec x tan x
Example 1. Differentiate y=sec ⁡(2 x) Example 2. Differentiate y=2 sec x +50
d y=2 sec x +50
y ' =sec ( 2 x ) tan ⁡(2 x) ( 2 x )
dx '
y =2 sec x tan x
¿ sec ( 2 x ) tan ⁡(2 x)(2)
y '=2 sec ( 2 x ) tan ⁡(2 x)

12. The Derivative of the Cotangent

cot x=−csc 2 x
Example 1. Differentiate y=3 cot ⁡(5 x)
y=3 cot ⁡(5 x)
d
y ' =3 [−csc 2 (5 x ) ] (5 x )
dx
¿−3 csc 2 (5 x)(5)
y '=−15 csc 2 (5 x )

Illustrative Examples:
A. Determine if the given function f (x) is differentiable at x=c .
f ( x )=4 x−8
Solution:
4 ( x + ∆ x ) −8−(4 x−8) Therefore, the function
f ' ( x )= lim f ( x )=4 x−8 is continuous
∆ x →0 ∆x
4 x + 4 ∆ x−8−4 x+8 and differentiable at x=c.
¿ lim
∆ x→ 0 ∆x
4∆x
¿ lim
∆ x→ 0 ∆ x
¿4

B. Find the derivative of each of the following functions.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
1. f ( x )=2 x 5−4 x 3+5 x−6
¿ 5 ∙2 x 5−1−3 ∙ 4 x 3−1+5−0
f ' (x)=10 x 4 −12 x 2 +5

2. f ( x )=(3 x 2−4 x +1)(2 x−3)

¿ ( 3 x 2−4 x+1 ) ( 2 ) +( 2 x−3)(6 x−4)
¿ 6 x 2−8 x+ 2+ 12 x 2−26 x +12
2
f ' (x)=18 x −34 x +14

x 2−5 x+ 3
3. f ( x )=
3 x +2
( 3 x +2 ) ( 2 x−5 )−(x 2−5 x +3)(3)
¿
(3 x+2)2
2
(6 x ¿¿ 2−11 x−10)−(3 x −15 x +9)
¿ ¿
(3 x+ 2)2
6 x2−11x −10−3 x 2+ 15 x−9
¿
(3 x +2)2
3 x 2+ 4 x−19
f ' (x)= 2
(3 x +2)

4. Differentiate y=x sin ⁡¿) 5. Differentiate y=cos2 x

d d
y ' =x cos ( 7 x ) 2 x +sin ⁡(7 x) x y '=(cos ( x ) )2
dx dx
d
¿ x cos ( 7 x ) ( 7 ) +sin ⁡(7 x)(1)
¿ 7 x cos (7 x ) +sin ⁡(7 x)
[
¿ 2 cos (x) ∙ ( cos x)
dx ]
¿ 2 cos x ∙ ¿ ¿
¿−2 cos ( x ) sin ⁡( x)
6. Differentiate y=tan ⁡( sinx) 7. Differentiate y=csc ( 3 x 2 +1 )
y=tan ⁡( sinx) y=csc ( 3 x 2 +1 )
d d
y '=sec 2(sin x) (sin x) y ' =−csc ( 3 x 2 +1 ) cot ( 3 x 2 +1 ) ( 3 x 2+ 1 )
dx dx
y '=sec 2(sin x)(cos x)
¿−csc ( 3 x2 +1 ) cot ( 3 x 2+1 ) ( 6 x )
y '=−6 x csc ( 3 x 2+1 ) cot ( 3 x 2 +1 )
8. Differentiate y=−3 sec ⁡(6 x )
9. Differentiate y=4 x 2+ cot x
y=−3 sec ⁡(6 x )
d y=4 x 2+ cot x
y ' =−3 sec ( 6 x ) tan ( 6 x ) (6 x ) y ' =8 x + [−csc 2 x ]
dx
¿−3 sec ( 6 x ) tan ( 6 x ) ( 6 ) y '=8 x −csc 2 x
y '=−18 sec ( 6 x ) tan(6 x)

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“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL

DEVELOPING
Exercises 5.1 Warm Up [23
points]
For the following graphs, identify if the function is differentiable at x=c.

B. Determine if the given function f(x) is differentiable at the indicated values. SOLUTION
REQUIRED. 3 POINTS PER NUMBER.
(1) f(x) = x | x | at x = 0
(2) f(x) = | x 2 - 1 | at x =1
(3) f(x) = |x| + |x - 1| at x = 0, 1
(4) f (x ) = sin | x | at x = 0
(5) f (x ) = | x−2 | at x = 2

ENGAGEMENT
Exercises 5.2 Independent Practice [20 points ]
Determine the derivative of each of the following functions.
1. f ( x )=x −6 + 4 x 3 11. y=sin(6 x)

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“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
2. f ( x )=7 x 3−5 x 2−6 x +8 12. y=cos( x 2 +3)
3. f ( x )=4 x 2+ 5 x −3 13. y=cot(sin x)
2 2
4. f ( x )=(x −5 x−7)( x −5) 14. y=5 sec (2 x ) +20
5. f ( x )=(3 x 4−1)¿) 15. y=csc(3 x+1)
6. f ( x )=¿ 16. y=3 sec ( x ) + 45
2 x−3
7. f ( x )= 17. f ( x )=x cos ⁡(2 x )
3 x 2+ 4 x−5
8. f ( x )=¿ ¿ 18. f ( x )=sin(5 x−2)
4 x3 −2 x +1
9. f ( x )= 19. y=cot(6 x)
2 x−3
10. f ( x )=e2 x−3 20. y=5 sec (2 x ) +20

ASSIMILATION
Assessment 5.0 [5 points]
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The function f ( x )=| x−2| is
a. Differentiable and continuous for all Real numbers.
b. Differentiable for all Real numbers, but not always continuous
c. Continuous for all real numbers, but not always differentiable
d. Nowhere differentiable or continuous
2. Determine the derivative of sin 1
a. 0 b. 1 c. – cos 1
d. cos 1
1
3. Find the derivative of x x
1
a. 1 e
−1
3
1
b. x x −2 (1−ln x )
1
c. x x −1 (1−ln x )
( )−1
d. 1 x x
x

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“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
x
4. Which of the following is the derivative of ?
cos x
x cos x−sin x cos x+ x sin x cos x−x sin x
a. b. c. d.
(cos x )2 (cos x)2 (cos x )2
x cos x +sin x
2
(cos x)

5. Which of the following statements are true? (Since there may be more than one correct answer,
determine all correct answers.)
f ( x )−f ( a)
a. If lim exists, then f is differentiable at a
x→ a x−a
b. If f is continuous at a, then f is differentiable at a
c. If lim
x→ a
f (x ) exists, then f is differentiable at a

d. If f is differentiable at a, then lim

x→ a
f ( x )=f (a)

Reflection
3-2-1
Three things I learned today.
1.
2.
3.
Two things I’d like to learn more about.
1.
2.
One question I have.
1.

Congressional Road, Brgy. Poblacion I, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite

(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
[email protected]
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL

Congressional Road, Brgy. Poblacion I, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite

(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
[email protected]
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”