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Rotating Solar Panel: Automatic Solar Tracker

STEM Researchers:
Chona G. Dela Cruz
James Lorrel P. Lamsen
Vahn Zairuz C. Dela Cruz
Aldrex Q. Nebrida
Michael Joshua S. Tamayo
Mark Anthony A. Samorio

Presented to:
The Faculty of Labrador National High School
Senior High Department
Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2021
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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION 1
SCHOOLS OF DIVISION OFFICE 1 OF PANGASINAN
LABRADOR NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Grade 12, Senior High School
graduating students, this research entitled “ROTATING SOLAR PANEL: AUTOMATIC
SOLAR TRACKER” has been prepared and submitted by Chona G. Dela Cruz, James Lorrel
P. Lamsen, Vahn Zairuz C. Dela Cruz, Aldrex Q. Nebrida, Michael Joshua S. Tamayo, and
Mark Anthony A. Samorio for approval and acceptance.

MA. ANGELICA B. BAUTISTA, ECE RENATO V. DIZON, MT-II

Research Adviser STEM Subject Group Head

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Grade 12, Senior High School,
graduating students.

JOCELYN A. DELA CRUZ, Principal I

OIC, Office of the Assistant Principal II

MARISSA M. MAMARIL, EdD.

Principal IV - School Principal

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation and deepest gratitude

to the following people who offered their untiring support to make this research project

complete and possible.

First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank, God the almighty for being the

unconditionally guiding light throughout endeavor.

The researchers would like to express gratitude to the principal, Dr. Marissa M.

Mamaril, for the constant encouragement. The researchers would also like to thank Mr. Renato

Dizon, head of the Senior High School Department of the school, for his advise and support

for this project.

The researchers are eternally debited to Mr. Dennis Feliciano and Ms. Ma Angelica

Bautista, our project guides for patiently clearing all our doubts and guiding us over each

obstacle.

To the respondents, who really participated, for their honest and cooperative response

to all questions solicited in this study

Finally, the researchers would like to thank the parents, who sustained and motivated

the researchers throughout this whole semester, for willingly giving financial support for this

study. Thank you so much.

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Title Page …………………………………………………………………………………...… i

Approval Sheet ………………………………………………………………………..……... ii

Acknowledgment ……………………………………………………………...…………….. iii

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………….. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 2

Research Hypotheses 2

Significance of the Study 3

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 4

Conceptual Framework 5

Definition of Terms 9

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature 10

Local Literature 14

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Research Design 18

Population of the Study 18

Sample of the Population 18

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Sampling Technique 19

Sources of Data 19

Research Instrument 19

Validation of Research Instrument 20

Data Gathering Procedure 20

Statistical Treatment of Data 20

Materials and Equipment 21

Arduino Program 23

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Results, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data for 25

the Experimentation and Observation

Results, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data of the Solar Tracker 28

Results, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data for Testing the Hypotheses 30

Advantages 31

Disadvantages 31

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 32

Conclusion 33

Recommendation 33

Reference List 34

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APPENDIX A: Letter to the Principal 36

APPENDIX B: Letter to the Respondents 37

APPENDIX C: Questionnaire 38

APPENDIX D: Curriculum Vitae 40

APPENDIX E: Documentation 52

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1. Current and Voltage Values of Stationary Panel, 25

and Solar Tracker at Different Times in a Day

Table 1.2. Power Values of the Three Trials of Solar Tracker 26

Table 1.3. Power Values of Stationary Panel and Solar Tracker, 27

and the Corresponding Power Gain by the Solar Tracker

Table 2.1. Average Weighted Mean of the Acceptability of the Project 28

Table 2.2 Average Weighted Mean of the Quality of the Project 29

Table 3.1. Descriptive Statistics for Solar Tracker 30

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Block Diagram of the Study 5

Figure 1.2 Block Diagram of the Project 6

Figure 1.3 Block Diagram of the Rotating Solar Panel 7

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Figure 1.4 Schematic Diagram of the Project 8

Figure 2.1 Current vs. time curve for both stationary panel and solar tracker 26

Figure 2.2 Voltage vs. time curve for both stationary panel and solar tracker 26

Figure 2.3 Power vs. time curve for both stationary panel and solar tracker 27

Figure 3.1 Normal curve for t-test 31

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ABSTRACT

This study focused on building a rotating solar panel using Light Dependent Resistors

(LDR) and examine its difference to a stationary solar panel in collecting solar energy. The

researchers collected data by testing the difference of storing energy between a stationary solar

panel and a rotating solar panel through experimentation and observation. To test the current

and voltage values, the researchers used multimeter. Three trials were conducted to evaluate

the difference of current and voltage of solar panels. To test the efficiency of the project, data

were collected through an online survey from a group of 30 people living in the Municipality

of Lingayen and Labrador. The result of the experimentation concluded that the solar panel

with solar tracker collects more solar energy compare to the stationary one. The average energy

gained by the solar tracker 18.7098 Watts a day while the stationary has 10.8352 Watts a day.

The average power gain by the solar panel is 149.45% compared to stationary panel. The

advantages of using solar tracker are; it increases the availability of solar power in a certain

area, it is easy to implement, and it is eco-friendly. Meanwhile, its disadvantages are; it cannot

use in a rainy season, initial cost is high, maintenance of the solar panel is additional cost, and

it uses electricity to work and function.

Keywords: Arduino programming, solar panel, solar tracker

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Energy is one of the most important commodities in today's generation, and the fact

that it belongs to the needs of people, it is the most expensive and uses nonrenewable resources.

There is a lot of interest right now in finding solutions to the world's energy problems. Finding

energy sources to satisfy the world's growing demand is one of the foremost challenges. People

have used fossil fuels and coals as the main energy sources since the early ages. However, the

quantity of these energy sources on Earth is getting low and causes changes on the Earth's

atmosphere, especially to global environment and climate. About eighty-five percent (85%) of

energy production is dependent on fossil fuels. This has led to research on alternative energy

source that would complement the conventional fossil fuel (Khan et al, 2010).

Many research studies have been conducted to seek new energy sources that are

renewable and cause less harm to environment. One of the alternative ways to produced

functional energy is the used of solar panel which produces solar energy. Solar energy is the

energy generated by the power of solar radiation coming from the sun. Sun is one of the main

source of renewable energy in our planet. An abundance heat from it provide our world with

life and the energy that we needed. The use of solar panels is a raising trend in various countries

because it does not only supply a low-cost energy, but also an environment-friendly because

solar energy is one of the cleanest source of energy whose use can contribute to saving

exhaustible energy sources.

The use of solar panels in the Philippines is a huge advantage because it is located near

the equator, which more sunlight is directly pointing at. Solar panels are usually fixed in

position, by that, they absorb less sunlight and do not attain the maximum energy output. The

most efficient solar panels of today’s technology utilize less than 20% of available solar energy
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(Radharamanan, 2014) because the angle and direction of the solar panels determined the

amount of energy collected.

To achieve the energy efficiency, solar panel must be able to follow the Sun's movement

to produce the maximum possible power. By keeping the panel perpendicular to the Sun, more

sunlight strikes the solar panel throughout the day.

Solar panels with an automatic mechanism that can adjust the angle and the direction

of the panel are capable to capture more sunlight. Light dependent resistors can improve solar

panels to capture more solar energy. It is an active sensor that continuously track the amount

of sunlight and rotate the panel towards the direction with the lightest intensity. It will ensure

the solar panel to face directly to the Sun at all times and collect as much energy.

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to design, create, and evaluate the effectiveness of a solar tracker in

collecting solar energy from the Sun wherein it will follow the direct sunlight.

Specifically, the following questions were design to guide this study:

1. How does a solar tracker efficiently collect more energy?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a solar tracker?

3. Is there a difference between a fixed solar panel and a rotating solar panel in collecting

solar energy?

Research Hypotheses

In line with the specific problems, this study sought to test the following hypotheses:
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H0 : The development of an accurate automated solar tracker is not possible.

Ha : The development of an accurate automated solar tracker is possible.

H0 : There is a significant difference on the amount of energy stored by the rotating

solar panel.

Ha : There is no significant difference on the amount of energy stored by the rotating

solar panel.

Significance of the Study

The study is beneficial to the following:

Students. This research will benefit students by helping them understand the utilization

of solar energy. This will help them understand more about solar energy and how to used it.

They will be more aware of the positive and negative effects of nonrenewable energy in our

world and how helpful this alternative source of energy is.

Parents. This research will help them know more about solar energy and how to utilize

it. Giving them an idea that solar energy is a clean and good alternative source of energy, that

it can be used in households and can help in minimizing the electric bills. It can also be a way

to teach their children to conserve electricity.

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Researchers. This research will help them to understand the use of trackers on solar

panels. This will give them the ideas on how they can collect maximum amount of energy

through Light Dependent Resistors.

Future Researchers. This research will benefit future researchers since this will serve

as reference for related studies. This study will help them understand the application of

automatic solar panels and can help in the development of their research.

Community. This study will benefit the community in general as the findings of this

will give people a better understanding on solar energy and can benefit people who are using

and will be using solar panels. The result of this research will become a gate way in the

development and creation of future inventions than can be a major addition in the field of

energy. Also, it might be a help in solving the problem of the sufficiency of energy on our

world.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focuses on constructing a rotating solar panel wherein it will follow a direct

sunlight using Light Dependent Resistor and evaluating its performance in collecting solar

energy. It is to maximize the solar energy being collected. This study consists of

experimentation of the constructed rotating solar panel to determine the energy being stored.

The study will last for 3 months.

This study is limited only on determining the energy being stored by the rotating solar

panel.
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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.1 shows the block diagram of the conceptual framework of the study. It has

three significant components: Input, Process, and Output.

The Input consists of materials needed to build the project and the independent variable

of the study which is the constructed rotating solar panel.

The Process shows how the project is going to build and the instrument what will be

used in gathering the data, this includes the experimentation and data analysis.

The Output identifies the finished project and the energy stored by the rotating solar

panel
Input Process Output

A.
A. Materials and
1. Building the project
electrical A. Rotating Solar
2. Programming
components Panel
B.
B. Rotating Solar B. Energy stored
Panel 3. Experimentation
4. Data analysis

Figure 1.1 Block Diagram of the Study

Figure 1.2 shows the block diagram of the project. It consists of different steps on how

to build the entire project.

Figure 1.3 shows the block diagram of the rotating solar panel. It illustrates the function

of the rotating solar panel.

Figure 1.4 shows the schematic diagram of the project. It shows the connections of

every electrical component to the microcontroller.

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Analyzing the
project

Deciding on how the project

should be done

Brainstorming and concluding about Assimilating and listing

what mechanical design should apply electronic components
to the project and equipment needed

Building the actual project Purchasing electronic

components

Light Dependent Resistors

(sensor)

Arduino (microcontroller) Programming

Servo Motors (attached to

solar panel)

Testing the complete

project

Figure 1.2 Block Diagram of the Project

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Sunlight LDR (sensor)

Power Supply Arduino

(microcontroller)

Servo Motor Servo Motor

Solar Panel

Energy Storage

Figure 1.3 Block Diagram of the Rotating Solar Panel

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Figure 1.4 Schematic Diagram of the project

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Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined as used in this study:

Alternative. This is operationally defined as the availability of another way of producing

energy.

Automatic Mechanism. It refers to the mechanical system of the device that operates

automatically under conditions.

Coal. It is a combustible rock consists of carbonized plant matter that are found mainly in

underground and used to generate electricity.

Energy Efficiency. This refers to reducing the use of nonrenewable energy by eliminating

energy waste.

Fossil Fuel. It is a fuel formed from decomposing plants and animals, and it contains carbon

and hydrogen, which are being used in generating energy.

Light Dependent Resistor. It is an electronic component used as a light-detector whose

resistance increases or decreases depending on the amount of the light intensity it is receiving.

Nonrenewable Energy. This refers to the energy which is generated from sources that cannot

be replaced easily or requires extremely long amount of time to replace it, like fossil fuels.

Renewable Energy. It is a clean energy which is generated from natural sources that are

constantly being formed, like sunlight and wind.

Solar Energy. This is an energy from the sun that is generated using a solar panel.

Solar Panel. It is a device which absorb sunlight and convert them into electricity.

Solar Tracker. It is a device that orients the solar panel toward the direct sunlight.
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

Solar Technologies

The conversion of solar energy into thermal or electrical energy is known as solar

power. It is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source, and the United States has

some of the best solar resources in the world. Solar energy can be used for a number of things,

including generating electricity, lighting or creating a pleasant interior environment, and

heating water for residential and commercial, or industrial purposes [1].

Photovoltaics, solar heating and cooling, and focusing solar power are three ways to

use solar energy. Photovoltaic cell is an electrical system of directly generating electricity from

sunlight which can be used to power anything from small electronics like calculators and road

signs to homes and large commercial enterprises. Solar energy is a very adaptable source of

energy: it can be installed as a utility-scale solar power plant or as distributed generation (at or

near the point of use) (similar to traditional power plants). Any of these approaches can store

the energy they produce and deliver it after the sun sets: cutting-edge solar + storage

technology. In the United States, solar power works within a complex and integrated electricity

system, partnering with other technologies including wind power to help the nation transition

to a green energy economy [1].

The energy extracted from solar photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal systems is

dependent on solar insolation, according to Kumar (2011). To get the most energy from the

sun, the plane of the solar collector should always be parallel to the incident radiation. The

earth's diurnal and seasonal movement influence the solar collector's radiation intensity [2].

Suryanarayana et al. (2014) carried out a research on solar energy collection using

photovoltaic cells. To optimize the performance of the power output, the project uses a
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P89v51RD2 microcontroller, L293D Motor Driver, photovoltaic cells, Light Dependent

Sensors, and stepper motors for the tracking device. A dual-axis system is used in the study's

prototype [3].

Arduino Based Solar Tracking System

A solar cell is a system that uses the photovoltaic effect to transform light energy into

electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules, also known as solar panels, are made up of solar cells

[4].

A solar tracker is a device that tilts an object in relation to the sun. Solar trackers are

most commonly used to align photovoltaic modules (solar panels) so that they remain

perpendicular to the sun's rays and to position space telescopes so that they can determine the

sun's direction. Photovoltaic solar trackers change the direction a solar panel faces in response

to the sun's location in the sky. The more sunlight reaches the solar panel, less light is reflected,

and more energy is absorbed when the panel is held perpendicular to the sun. It is possible to

turn this energy into electricity [5].

Sun tracking, according to [5,] uses specialized equipment to assess the sun's position

in relation to the object to be aligned. These instruments generally include computers that can

process complicated algorithms that allow the system to track the sun and sensors that provide

information about the sun’s location to a computer or, if connected to a solar panel with a

printed circuit board.

A solar tracker that modifies the direction of a solar panel and holds the panel

perpendicular to the sun to maximize the amount of sunlight on the panel. Studies have shown

that the angle of light influences the energy output of a solar module. It generates more energy

than a non-perpendicular solar panel since it is perpendicular to the sun. The effect of small
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angles from the vertical on energy output is less than that of larger angles. In addition, the sun's

angle shifts from north to south seasonally and daily from east to west. Therefore, while east-

west persecution is huge, north-south persecution has a smaller effect [5].

The surface of the module in a solar tracking device automatically monitors the location

of the sun as the day progresses. When the sun travels through the sky, its location changes.

Solar-powered equipment performs best when it is mounted near the sun, and a solar tracker

can boost the equipment's performance in any fixed location. Sophistication, expense, and

performance are all factors to consider. The heliostat, a movable mirror that mirrors the sun's

position to a fixed spot, is a common form of tracker. The accuracy of a solar tracker is

determined by the application. Concentrators, especially in solar cell applications, necessitate

a high level of precision to ensure that focused sunlight is guided precisely to the driven unit,

which is located near the focal point of the reflector of lens. Concentrator systems cannot

function without tracking, thus single-axis tracking is needed. Non-concentrating applications

necessitate less precision, and many of them are likely to function without any tracking.

Tracking, on the other hand, will increase both the overall amount of output power generated

by a system and the amount of output power produced during critical system demand periods

(usually late afternoon in hot climates). Solar panels have been studied in order to improve

their energy efficiency. When a solar PV panel is located at right angles to the sun, it produces

the most energy. As a result, several researches have established various types of solar panel

tracking systems. As a result, the primary objective of this work is to create a solar panel tracker

based on Arduino advances in order to boost solar panel energy output [4].

The effectiveness of a solar tracker and PV technology in general, is directly correlated

to the quantity of sunlight that it is being exposed to; its power output is depending on the

quantity of light that reaches the solar cell. PV technology is most effective when it is faced

with a light source that generates a perfect perpendicular angle, i.e. a 90-degree angle. In order
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to perform this in a real-world situation, the PV panel should move with the sun to maintain

this perpendicular angle [6].

Solar tracking, which involves constantly following the sun in the sky, effectively

solves such issues. Under ideal conditions, a typical PV panel would perform at about 20-35

percent, while sun tracking has been shown to potentially double that, with 50-60 percent

output under ideal conditions [6]. In standard there are two primary groups which could

categorize solar trackers: single or dual axis trackers. Single axis trackers only track the Sun's

East-West (or even North-South) movement, while dual axis trackers track the Sun's exact

movement in either direction. Typically, tracking is achieved by using photoresistors or PV

cells as sensors and focusing about a single axis at a time. To generate a voltage difference,

these sensors are strategically placed next to each other and feature a divider/tilted mount of

some kind. This voltage difference is then used to determine which way the panel should face

perpendicularly to the sun [6].

In contrast to the horizontally fixed mode, experimental experiments using the sun-

tracking device revealed that 30 percent more energy was obtained. The direct sun beams were

detected using four LDR sensors. As a shading system, an obstruction was placed between each

pair of LDRs. The experimental results showed that the designed system was extremely reliable

and efficient [7].

Sun trackers move the solar collector to suit the sun's trajectories and keep the tilt angle

of the solar collector at an optimal level. Solar tracking systems can improve the energy

efficiency of solar PV and solar thermal systems significantly. This work developed and

installed an automated solar tracking system using LDR sensors and DC motors on a

mechanical structure with gear arrangement. Two-axis solar tracking has been implemented

using microcontroller-based sophisticated control logic (azimuth and altitude angles). In terms
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of important parameters including solar radiation received on the collector, maximum hourly

electrical power, efficiency gain, short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and fill factor, the

proposed system's output has been evaluated and compared to that of a fixed tilt angle solar

collector [2].

Meanwhile, Zhan et al. (2013) developed and implemented a dual-axis solar PLC-based

(Programmable Logical Controller) automatic tracking unit, as well as its supervisory and

control system. The proposed tracking system generates approximately 8% to 25% more

electricity than the fixed-angle PV system as a result of the experiment [8].

Local Literature

Solar Energy in Philippines

For half of each year, the sun's rays are perpendicular to the ground in the Philippines,

which is a tropical nation. As a result, in terms of location, the Philippines offers the best sun

exposure. It is located near the equator, where it receives ample sunlight during the year due to

its position in the ecliptic plane, which is in the direction of the sun. Furthermore, the

Philippines has the fifth most expensive electricity in the world. Alternative energy sources

that are less costly and do not contribute to global warming are needed in the Philippines. Solar

energy as a source of electricity can help Filipinos produce their own energy and save money

in the long run. Since the sun's location in the celestial sphere shifts throughout the year,

identifying the appropriate tilt of solar panel to produce the most power available for semi-

fixed installations is crucial [9].

The sun's rays will be reflected in various locations in the Philippines during the year,

depending on the climate, as rains usually occur during typhoon season from May to January

and dry season from January to May [9].

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The ground's perpendicularity to the sun's rays varies over the year since the earth's

rotational axis rotates at 23.4 degrees in relation to its orbit around the sun. As a result,

developing a method to measure the amount of solar radiation in a given location and the

optimum tilt of solar panels is critical in order to optimize the potential for collecting solar

energy and efficiently converting it to electricity [9].

Increased Energy Production

The Philippines is a good candidate for solar energy implementation from a

geographical standpoint. The Philippines has an estimated solar energy capacity of 4.5 kWh/m2

per day, according to a study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Solar power

production is a great choice for developing renewable energy solutions in the Philippines

because of the amount of sunlight that the country receives [10].

Several key factors influence the Philippines' need for renewable energy sources,

making solar power an excellent option. According to a report published in 2018, the

Philippines' gross domestic product increased by 5.4 percent on an annual basis over the

previous year. By2040, the rate of growth is expected to hit 7%. This increase in GDP would

push up energy demand. Currently, the Philippines' energy needs are heavily reliant on fossil

fuels, with about 77 percent of the country's electricity coming from this source. The use of

these fossil fuels has resulted in a rise in greenhouse gas emissions, which has harmed the

atmosphere [4]. Moving to a renewable energy source like solar will help minimize this

negative environmental effect. Finally, since the 1990s, some areas in the Philippines have

experienced frequent power outages, particularly during the summer months, with 25.6 GWh

in 1990 and 77.3 GWh in 2014. Since energy demand is expected to double by 2040 compared

to 2013, blackouts are also expected to rise. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, could

boost energy output and prevent future failures [10].

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Renewable energy is becoming a more prevalent subset of energy sources as countries

around the world pursue alternative forms of energy production. Solar energy is one of these

alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, though it accounts for a small but increasing portion

of total energy consumption. Solar energy converts sunlight into usable energy using solar

panels. The Philippines, in Southeast Asia, is an excellent location for more solar energy

incorporation due to its geographic location and other main features. Solar power generation

has begun to introduce promising results in the generation of renewable energy [10].

The Philippine government has made a significant effort to promote the use of solar

energy in the country: in 2008, RA9513 was passed, containing a number of measures to

encourage renewable energy production, establish a feed-in tariff, and provide commercial

incentives to companies, especially tax exemptions, to enable them to adopt renewable

energies. These policy reforms have provided a strong incentive for Filipino businesses to

invest in solar energy [11], [12].

Solar Tracker

According to [13], in the Philippines, the installation of solar panels on the rooftops of

residential and commercial buildings has increased in popularity. Even if the country receives

a lot of sunlight, energy conversion is inefficient because solar panel arrays are not always

parallel to the sun. Solar trackers and other technologies for rising solar panel performance are

usually complex and costly. This problem is addressed by (Obiso et al,2017), designing a low

cost dual axis solar tracker with the integration of specular reflector system. To ensure optimum

performance, the dual axis tracker device will shift the panel and reflector assembly in a precise

and controlled manner. A LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) compass assembly, gear system,

and stepper motor mechanism were used to accomplish this. A voltage sensing circuit was used

to measure the solar panel strength instead of the current optical and time-based techniques.
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The system's performance was tested in both regulated and real-world settings. Experiments

have shown that when the panel is perpendicular to the light source, the unit generates the most

energy. As the average efficiency of the panel deteriorates when the light source deviates from

the standard, the need for a monitoring and planar reflector system becomes crucial. When the

tracker was added alone, it had a greater enhancement effect than when the specular reflector

was used alone.

Prototype of Photovoltaic Solar Tracker Based on Arduino

Carlos Moron et al. (2017) developed a new photovoltaic solar tracker prototype based

on Arduino. Solar tracking with two axes is possible due to a feedback control system that uses

a stepper motor and a linear actuator using photodiodes. The prototype's design takes advantage

of the maximum benefit of incident radiation by positioning the panels perpendicularly to

receive energy and boost its efficiency for future housing installations [14].

Meanwhile, Bustamante et al. (2019) improved an analysis of a prototype robotic sun

tracker that is controlled by a microcontroller and uses the sun's perpendicularity and

shadowing techniques in the mechanism's design. With an Arduino-based monitoring system

that measured the voltages obtained from each of the set-ups, a motor control approach was

used to perform the best turn to absorb the most solar energy. When compared to stationary

panel installation, the robotic sun tracker system resulted in a 29 percent increase in electricity

generation [15].
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CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology of this study; it presents a discussion of the

research design, the population and sampling, data-gathering instrument, data-gathering

procedure and the statistical treatment used in the study. It also presents the materials and

program used in making the Solar Tracker.

Research Design

This study used experimental research design. It describes the performance of the solar

tracker. Moreover, it further investigated how solar tracker affects the energy being stored by

the solar panel.

Population of the Study

The target population for this study defined to include students in Labrador National

High School and residents of Municipality of Labrador and Lingayen, while the accessible

population is the students and residents of Labrador and Lingayen who are currently studying

through digitized and online modalities of Labrador National High School and who have

internet connection, since they are the people within the researchers' reach.

Sample of the Population

The sample in this study is a smaller group of elements drawn through a definite

procedure from an accessible population.

The sample of the population of this study is 30 respondents from Labrador and

Lingayen, Pangasinan.
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Sampling Technique

A convenience sampling procedure was used for selecting the participants in this study.

The technique is employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of the variables for the study.

This is achieved by the willingness and availability of the respondents. Thus, the researchers

let the available sample from accessible population to answer the questionnaire until the

required number of respondents is obtained.

Sources of Data

The data used in this study were come from the answers of the students of Labrador

National High School and residents of Labrador and Lingayen, Pangasinan on the questionnaire

that is being distributed to them. A validated request letter signed by the proper authorities of

the school used to gather the data from the questionnaire. The collected data from the solar

tracker is also used.

Research Instrument

The instrument used were online survey questionnaire and an experimentation to gather

the needed data for the study.

The questionnaire was done based on the previous studies, researchers' readings,

published and unpublished thesis relevant to the study. In the preparation of the instrument, the

requirements in making of a good data collection instrument is considered. The total number

of questions is 10 items, 5 items for determining the acceptability of the project, 3 items for

determining the quality of the project, and 2 items with an open-ended question. The survey

required at least 20 minutes of answering. This instrument consists of questions which will

determine the overall quality of the project.

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The experimentation was done by the used of materials and equipment to test the

capability of the project with regards in collecting solar energy.

Validation of Research Instrument

The initial form of the survey questionnaire is tested to a group of 10 students in Grade

12 STEM. Students were asked to respond to survey items and also comment regarding the

questionnaire's validity. The survey questionnaire is also tested and checked by the subject

teacher and also commented regarding the questionnaire's validity.

Data Gathering Procedure

On the data collection process, the researchers sought approval from the school

principal of Labrador National High School through sending communication letters to allow

administering and retrieving of questionnaires to and from the respondents. This ensured the

participation and involvement of the school. Anonymity of the participants and confidentiality

of information will be maintained. After the data gathered, it will be processed immediately.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data collected are arranged, measured, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted using

appropriate statistical methods to resolve the particular research problems. The statistical

processes were as follows:

To obtain the results from the questionnaire answered by the respondents, statistical

methods such as mean and percentage are used.

The T-test is employed to established and to test the hypotheses of the study. All tests

are set at 0.05 level of significance.

 21

Materials and Equipment

In construction of the solar tracker, the following are used:

Energy storage Power bank

Solar panel Soldering iron

Soldering wire lead Wood glue

 22

Plywood (1/4 size) USB cable for Arduino

Jumper wires Resistor 10k ohms (4 pcs)

Arduino Uno Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) (4 pcs)

Sg90 Servo motor (2 pcs) Illustration Board

 23

Breadboard Multimeter

Arduino Program
The following program is used to programmed the Arduino Uno, the microcontroller
of the project:

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo1, myservo2;

int LDR1 = A0, LDR2 = A1, LDR3 = A2, LDR4 = A3;
int rRDL1 = 0, rRDL2 = 0, rRDL3 = 0, rRDL4 = 0;
int max1=0, max2=0, max3=0;
int ser1 = 80, ser2=0;

void setup() {
myservo1.attach(9);
myservo2.attach(8);

myservo1.write(ser1);
myservo2.write(ser2);
}

void loop() {

rRDL1 = analogRead(LDR1) / 100;

rRDL2 = analogRead(LDR2) / 100;
rRDL3 = analogRead(LDR3) / 100;
rRDL4 = analogRead(LDR4) / 100;

max1 = max(rRDL1, rRDL2);

max2 = max(rRDL3, rRDL4);
max3 = max(max1, max2);
 24

if(rRDL1<max3 && rRDL2<max3)

{
if(ser1<140)
ser1+=1;

myservo1.write(ser1);
}

if(rRDL3<max3 && rRDL4<max3)

{
if(ser1>0)
ser1-=1;

myservo1.write(ser1);
}

if(rRDL2<max3 && rRDL3<max3)

{
if(ser2<180)
ser2+=1;

myservo2.write(ser2);
}

if(rRDL1<max3 && rRDL4<max3)

{
if(ser2>0)
ser2-=1;

myservo2.write(ser2);
}
delay(15);
}
 25

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter shows data on the experimentation and observation of the researches, and

data gathered from the questionnaire followed by an interpretation of findings. The findings

are related to the research questions that guided the study.

Results, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data for the Experimentation and Observation

Table 1.1 shows the current and voltage values received from both stationary panel and

solar tracker for different times in a day.

Table 1.1. Current and Voltage Values of Stationary Panel and Solar Tracker at Different
Times in a Day
Time Solar Tracker Stationary Panel
Trial 1 Trials 2 Trial 3
Voltage Current Voltage Current Voltage Current Voltage Current
8:00 am 6.78 V 0.29 A 6.79 V 0.26 A 6.59 V 0.22 A 6.43 V 0.04 A
9:00 am 6.97 V 0.31 A 6.94 V 0.29 A 6.88 V 0.29 A 6.70 V 0.17 A
10:00 am 7.00 V 0.32 A 7.02 V 0.33 A 7.04 V 0.30 A 6.72 V 0.17 A
11:00 am 6.80 V 0.33 A 7.11 V 0.31 A 6.97 V 0.31 A 6.51 V 0.28 A
12:00 pm 6.98 V 0.32 A 7.13 V 0.35 A 7.15 V 0.31 A 6.58 V 0.25 A
1:00 pm 7.66 V 0.37 A 7.65 V 0.39 A 7.44 V 0.36 A 6.73 V 0.28 A
2:00 pm 6.70 V 0.29 A 6.68 V 0.30 A 6.85 V 0.24 A 6.57 V 0.25 A
3:00 pm 7.01 V 0.27 A 6.71 V 0.26 A 6.80 V 0.21 A 6.67 V 0.13 A
4:00 pm 6.92 V 0.27 A 6.53 V 0.27 A 6.44 V 0.19 A 6.49 V 0.04 A
5:00 pm 4.65 V 0.05 A 4.54 V 0.03 A 4.51 V 0.04 A 4.38 V 0.04 A

From the table 1.1, it is seen that at 8:00 am, there is much improvement in current by

the solar tracker compared to the stationary panel. But as times goes on, this difference in

current between the two decreases up to around 3:00 pm. After that, when the sun rotates more

towards west, the difference increase again. The highest current of stationary panel and solar

tracker is 0.28 A and 0.39 A, respectively at 1:00 pm. In the case of voltage, the variation

between the two solar panels is large.

 26

0.5
0.4
Solar Tracker Trial 1
Current

0.3
0.2 Solar Tracker Trial 2
0.1 Solar Tracker Trial 3
0 Static Panel
8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00
am am am am pm pm pm pm pm pm

Figure 2.1. current vs. time curve for both stationary panel and solar tracker

10
8
Solar Tracker Trial 1
Voltage

6
4 Solar Tracker Trial 2
2 Solar Tracker Trial 3
0 Static Panel
8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00
am am am am pm pm pm pm pm pm

Figure 2.2. voltage vs. time curve for both stationary panel and solar tracker

Figure 2.1 shows the comparison of current curves for both the stationary panel and

solar tracker.

Figure 2.2 shows the comparison of voltage curves for both stationary panel and solar
tracker.

Table 1.2. Power Values of the Three Trials of Solar Tracker

Time Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean
8:00 am 1.9662 W 1.7654 W 1.4498 W 1.7271 W
9:00 am 2.1607 W 2.0126 W 1.9952 W 2.0562 W
10:00 am 2.2400 W 2.3166 W 2. 1120 W 2.2227 W
11:00 am 2.2440 W 2.2041 W 2. 1607 W 2.2029 W
12:00 pm 2.2336 W 2.4955 W 2. 2165 W 2.3152 W
1:00 pm 2.8342 W 2.9835 W 2.6784 W 2.8320 W
2:00 pm 1.9430 W 2.0040 W 1.6440 W 1.8637 W
3:00 pm 1.8927 W 1.7446 W 1.4280 W 1.6884 W
4:00 pm 1.8684 W 1.7631 W 1.2236 W 1.6284 W
5:00 pm 0.2325 W 0.1362 W 0.1804 W 0.1830 W
Total 18.7098 W
 27

The table 1.2 shows the mean of the three trials at different times in a day. The highest

power obtained by the solar tracker is 2.8320 Watts at 1:00 pm. The lowest power obtained by

the solar tracker is 0.1830 Watts at 5:00 pm wherein the intensity of the sunlight is much lower

than the rest of the times. The average energy gained by the solar tracker is 18.7098 Watts a

day.

Table 1.3. Power Values of Stationary Panel and Solar Tracker, and the Corresponding Power
Gain by the Solar Tracker
Power Gained by
Time Solar Tracker Stationary Panel
the Solar Tracker
8:00 am 1.7271 W 0.2572 W 571.50 %
9:00 am 2.0562 W 1.1390 W 80.53 %
10:00 am 2.2227 W 1.1424 W 94.56 %
11:00 am 2.2029 W 1.8228 W 20.85 %
12:00 pm 2.3152 W 1.6450 W 40.74 %
1:00 pm 2.8320 W 1.8844 W 50.29 %
2:00 pm 1.8637 W 1.6425 W 13.47 %
3:00 pm 1.6884 W 0.8671 W 94.72 %
4:00 pm 1.6184 W 0.2596 W 523.42 %
5:00 pm 0.1830 W 0.1752 W 4.45 %
Total 18.7098 W 10.8352 W 149.45 %

The table 1.3 shows the power values of both the stationary panel and solar tracker. The

power gain of solar tracker over stationary panel for different times in a day is also given in the

table. The maximum power output of the stationary panel and solar tracker is 1.8844 Watts and

2.8320 Watts, respectively, is found at 1:00 pm. More power gain is achieved in the morning

and afternoon because the solar tracker can accurately track the sun at these times while the

stationary panel does not.

3
Power (Watts)

2
1 Solar Tracker

0 Static Panel
8:00 am 9:00 am 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 pm2:00 pm3:00 pm4:00 pm5:00 pm
am am pm

Figure 2.3. Power vs. time curve for both stationary panel and solar tracker
 28

Figure 2.3 shows the comparison of power collection curve for both stationary panel

and solar tracker.

The total power of stationary panel throughout the day is 10.8352 Watts. Meanwhile,

the total power of solar tracker throughout the day is 18.7098 Watts. Therefore, the average

power gain by solar tracker is 149.45%.

Results, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data of the Solar Tracker

Table 2.1. Average Weighted Mean of the Acceptability of the Project
Weighted Descriptive
Questions SA A N D SD
Mean Equivalent
1. The constructed solar tracker is 9 20 1 0 0 4.27 Strongly agree
effective.
2. The constructed solar panel is 2 17 10 1 0 3.67 Agree
affordable.
3. The constructed solar tracker is 9 14 6 1 0 4.03 Agree
easy to use.
4. The constructed solar tracker 9 14 4 3 0 3.97 Agree
can be used when there is a power
outage.
5. The constructed solar tracker is 11 12 4 3 0 4.03 Agree
eco-friendly.
∑ Mean 3.994 Agree

Legend:

5 4.21- 5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.41- 4.20 Agree

3 2.61- 3.40 Neutral

2 1.81- 2.60 Disagree

1 1.00- 1.80 Strongly Disagree

The table 2.1 shows the computed average weighted mean of the acceptability of the

project. It is seen in the question number 1, the number of those who votes on Agree (A) has

the greatest number of votes, means that the constructed solar tracker is effective.
 29

With questions 3 and 4, the maximum number of votes can be seen on Agree (A) which

implies that the constructed solar tracker is easy to use and can be used when there is a power

outage.

On the question 5, the number of votes between Strongly Agree (SA) and Agree (A) is

1 vote away from each other, means that the constructed solar tracker is in the middle of

extremely eco-friendly and eco-friendly.

All in all, as shown in the average weighted mean of the acceptability of the constructed

solar tracker, the average weighted mean has a value of 3.994 which is located in the interval

of Agree (A) between 3.41 and 4.20 which means that the constructed solar tracker is

acceptable.

Table 2.2 Average Weighted Mean of the Quality of the Project

Questions High(H) Moderate(M) Low(L) Weighted Descriptive
Mean Equivalent
1. Appearance 7 23 0 2.23 Moderate
2. Durability 4 24 2 2.07 Moderate
3. Performance 16 13 1 2.5 High
∑ Mean 2.27 Moderate

Legend:
3 2.34 – 3.00 High

2 1.68 – 2.34 Moderate

1 1.00 – 1.67 Low

The table 2.2 shows the average weighted mean of the quality of the project. In terms

of the project’s appearance, 23 of the respondents rated the project moderate and has a weighted

mean of 2.23. Therefore, based on the ratings above, the appearance of the project is in

moderate.
 30

On the project’s durability, 24 of the respondents rated the project moderate and has a

weighted mean of 2.07. Therefore, the durability of the project is in moderate.

In performance, High (H) has the most number of votes and has a weighted mean of

2.5, which means that the performance of the project is high.

Overall, the average weighted mean of the quality of the product is in moderation with

2.27 which hit on moderate between 1.68 and 2.34.

Results, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data for Testing the Hypotheses

A t-test was used to test the research hypotheses. An alpha level of 0.05 was utilized.

Descriptive statistics are in table 3.1. All groups were normal distributed.

Table 3.1. Descriptive Statistics for Solar Tracker

N Mean Standard Deviation t-value Critical value
3 18.7098 1.4072 9.6930 2.920

The table 3.1 shows the computed mean and standard deviation from the data gathered

though an experimentation and observation. The mean of the 3 trials is 18.7098 and the

standard deviation is 1.4072. Meanwhile, the mean for the stationary panel is 10.8352.

The computed t-value was 9.6930 and the critical value was 2.920. A statistically

significant difference was evident between the stationary panel and solar tracker, and it is

shown in figure 3.1. The alternative hypothesis is directional. Hence, the one-tailed test is used.
 31

Figure 3.1 Normal curve for t-test

The computed test statistics t = 9.6930 falls within the rejection region. Therefore, the

null hypothesis, Ho : μ = 10.8352, is rejected and the alternative hypothesis, Ha : μ > 10.8352,

is accepted. Using a 0.05 level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the

average energy being stored by the solar tracker is more than 10.8352 Watts – the average

energy being stored by the stationary panel.

Advantages

 The main advantage of using the solar tracker is it increases the availability of solar

power from a location.

 The solar tracker is easy to use.

 The solar tracker is eco-friendly.

Disadvantages

 The solar tracker cannot be used in rainy season.

 Initial cost is high.

 Maintenance of the solar tracker is an additional cost.

 The solar tracker uses electricity to work and function.

 32

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presented the summary of the findings, conclusion, and recommendations

based on the data interpretation and analysis.

Summary

The need for electrical power is drastically rising thus, making the researchers to search

for alternative way of producing energy that is not harmful to the environment. This study

aimed to answer the questions on how solar tracker efficiently collect more energy, determine

the acceptability and the quality of the project in terms of its: a) Appearance, b) Durability, c)

Affordability, and d) Performance, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of the

project.

Electricity plays a vital role in our daily living. However, in recent years, the rising

demand for electricity has become a national and global concern. Oil supply conflicts, fossil

fuel depletion, and concerns about dangerous gas emissions all increased. Power outages

caused by adverse weather or a shortage of electricity had a significant impact on one's

productivity within a day.

Solar panels are one of the alternative ways to produced energy, but because of its

nature being fixed or stationary, solar panels do not produce maximum output of energy. With

these issues at hand, the researchers developed a project which can provide a maximum output

of energy from solar panels. In voltage and current reading, the researchers used multimeter.

To test the effectiveness of the project, the researchers distributed questionnaires in the

municipality of Labrador and Lingayen. Based on the data and Results gathered, the project is

possible to used as electrical energy source.

 33

Conclusion

The constructed solar panel is successfully designed, built, and tested. It indicates that

it is possible to develop an accurate automated solar tracker. The project produces more energy

than a stationary solar panel which indicates that it is effective and efficient to collect more

energy. Considering all above aspects, the researchers therefore concluded that there is a

significant difference on the amount of energy being stored by the solar tracker.

Recommendation

The recommendations given were based on the conclusions of the research conducted.

1. The researchers recommend further research on the project, especially on continuous

collection of energy of the solar tracker to achieve better results.

2. The researchers recommend to explore more related studies to improve the project’s

efficacy and reliability. Related studies on this research will help develop and innovate more

researches about the project.

3. For other designs of the project, researchers recommend to use durable materials.

4. Researchers recommend to use bigger motors which holds and rotates the solar panel

in place.
 34

Reference List

[1] Solar Energy Industries Association “About Solar Energy”.

https://www.seia.org/initiatives/about-solar-energy (accessed May 6, 2021).

[2] Prabodh and S. Kumar, "Design, development and performance test of an automatic
two-Axis solar tracker system," 2011 Annual IEEE India Conference, 2011, pp. 1-6,
doi: 10.1109/INDCON.2011.6139586.

[3] V. S. S. Kumar and S. Suryanarayana, “Automatic dual axis sun tracking system using
LDR sensor”. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, vol. 4,
no.5, pp. 3214-3217, 2014, doi: 10.14741/Ijcet/4/5/2014/22.

[4] Peter Amaize, Adoghe Anthony, Awosope Claudius, Idiake Stanley Uzairue. “ Arduino
Based Solar Tracking System For Energy Improvement Of Pv Solar Panel”.
ResearchGate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328389970_Arduino_Based_
Solar_Tracking_System_For_Energy_Improvement_Of_Pv_Solar_Panel. (accessed
May 6, 2021).

[5] Yoshitake, Jake. "Solar tracker". Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/solar-tracker (accessed May 6, 2021).

[6] Myo Thaw And Melanie Li Sing How. “Dual-Axis Solar Tracker: Functional Model
Realization and Full-Scale Simulations.” Web.wpi.edu. https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-
project/Available/E-project-042513-161626/unrestricted/Solar_MQP_Report.pdf
(accessed May 6, 2021).

[7] Sandipan Paul, Debasis Kumar Das, Sourav Basak. “Dual Axis Solar Tracker”.
Rcciit.https://www.rcciit.org/students_projects/projects/ee/2018/GR1.pdf?fbclid=IwA
R07GHplhB8xU_EJwQ4-Jcaq33oynn1Zr-xWW_ay85gdTZ6AIA039zGgw-o.
(accessed May 5, 2021).

[8] T. Zhan, W. Lin, M. Tsai and G. Wang, "Design and Implementation of the Dual-Axis
Solar Tracking System," 2013 IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications
Conference, 2013, pp. 276-277, doi: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2013.46.

[9] E. Malicdem. “Optimal Tilt of Solar Panels in the Philippines”. Research Gate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320685573_Optimal_Tilt_of_Solar_Panels_
in_the_Philippines (accessed May 5, 2021).
 35

[10] Roland Centeno. "Solar Energy in the Philippines." large.stanford.edu.

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2018/ph240/centeno1/ (accessed May 6, 2021).

[11] F. S. Peñarroyo, “Renewable Energy Act of 2008: Legal and Fiscal Implications to
Philippine Geothermal Exploration and Development,” Proceedings World Geothermal
Congress, April 2010.

[12] Roland Centeno December 17, 2018. Submitted as coursework for PH240, Stanford
University, Fall 2018 (http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2018/ph240/centeno1/).

[13] Ycot T., Tiansing J. V., Aliganga M., Chong R., and Obiso J.-J., “Integration of Specular
Reflector in a Dual Axis Solar Tracker”, RMRJ, vol. 5, no. 1, Oct. 2017.
doi:https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1705.01.01

[14] Morón, Carlos; Ferrández, Daniel; Saiz, Pablo; Vega, Gabriela; Díaz, Jorge P. 2017.
"New Prototype of Photovoltaic Solar Tracker Based on Arduino" Energies10, no. 9:
1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10091298.

[15] Mirafe R. Prospero, Neil P. Balba, Ricky V. Bustamante, Gerby R. Muya, “Solar
Energy Harnessing Optimization Algorithm in a Robotic Solar Tracker with Arduino
Based Monitoring System”. International Journal of Innovative Technology and
Exploring Engineering, vol. 8, no.10, pp. 2278-3075, August 2019, DOI:
10.35940/ijitee.I7541.0881019.
 36

APPENDIX A:
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region 1
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE 1 PANGASINAN
Lingayen
LABRADOR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LETTER OF PERMISSION TO THE PRINCIPAL

May 28,2021

Dr. Marissa M. Mamaril

Principal IV – Office of the Principal
Labrador National High School
Ma’am:
Good day! This is to ask your favorable concern in approving our questionnaire and
allow us, the researchers to conduct a survey to determine the acceptability and quality of the
created solar tracker to the 30 people from Municipality of Labrador and Lingayen as our
respondents in compliance for our III and Capstone Project as the research study entitled
"Rotating Solar Panel: Automatic Solar Tracker". We, the researchers from Grade 12
STEM of Labrador National High School believe that this study will enlighten the people on
how renewable energy resources greatly contribute to the environment and how it lessens the
pollutions and climate change. It can also help community, especially people who are engaged
on using solar panels, to be more benefited and take more advantages on using electricity. In
relation to this, we are humbly asking for your approval to give us a permit to conduct the said
study with the participation of Grade 12 STEM students. We are hoping for your consideration
with regards to this request.
Researchers:

Chona G. Dela Cruz

James Lorrel P. Lamsen
Checked by: Vahn Zairuz C. Dela Cruz
Aldrex Q. Nebrida
MA. ANGELICA B. BAUTISTA, ECE Michael Joshua S. Tamayo
Subject Teacher Mark Anthony A. Samorio

Noted:

MARISSA M. MAMARIL, EdD

Principal IV – Office of the Principal
 37

APPENDIX B
Region 1
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE 1 PANGASINAN
Lingayen 1

LABRADOR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

May 28,2021

Dear Respondents,

We, the researchers of Grade 12 STEM from Labrador National High School are
inviting you to participate in a research study through conducting a survey for our Capstone
Project entitled "Rotating Solar Panel: Automatic Solar Tracker".

Your participation in this research project is completely voluntary. If there is a

hindrance to your participation, please let one of us know. You may decline or leave blank any
questions you do not wish to answer.

Your knowledge, concerns, and response are sure help for us in achieving our goal.

Rest assure that all the information that we would gather from you will be treated with
outmost confidentiality and it will be used for academic purposes only. No one, other than the
researchers, will know your individual responses to this questionnaire and will remain
anonymous.

We are hoping that this request would merit your positive response. We sincerely
express our thanks for accepting our concerns.
Researchers:

Chona G. Dela Cruz

James Lorrel P. Lamsen
Vahn Zairuz C. Dela Cruz
Aldrex Q. Nebrida
Michael Joshua S. Tamayo
Mark Anthony A. Samorio
 38

APPENDIX C: Questionnaire

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION 1
SCHOOLS OF DIVISION OFFICE 1 OF PANGASINAN
LABRADOR NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL

The purpose of this survey is to find out the acceptability and level of the quality of the
solar tracker. To insure confidentiality, writing your name is optional.

Name (Optional):
School/Address:
Directions:

SD-Strongly Disagree D-Disagree N-Neutral A-Agree SA- Strongly Agree

A. Acceptability of the Project

Questions SD D N A SA
1. The constructed solar tracker is effective.
(Ang binuong solar tracker ay epektibo)

2. The constructed solar tracker is affordable.

(Ang binuong solar tracker ay abot-kaya)

3. The constructed solar tracker is easy to use.

(Ang binuong solar tracker ay madaling gamitin)

4. The constructed solar tracker can be used when

there is a power outage. (Ang binuong solar
tracker ay maaring gamitin kahit walang
kuryente)
5. The constructed solar tracker is eco-friendly.
(Ang binuong solar tracker ay makakalikasan)
 39

B. Quality of the Project

Quality Low Moderate High

Appearance
(Hitsura)
Durability
(Tibay)
Performance
(Pagganap)

1. What are the advantages of the solar tracker?

.
.
.
.

2. What are the disadvantages of the solar tracker?

.
.
.
.
 40

APPENDIX D: Curriculum Vitae

Chona G. Dela Cruz

181 Sabangan, Lingayen, Pangasinan

09063666882

[email protected]

___________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL PROFILE

Birthdate: November 8, 2001

Age: 19

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height: 5'2

Weight: 49 kg

Father’s Name: Marlon P. Dela Cruz

Mother’s Name: Delia P. Gonzales

___________________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

June 2019 - July 2021

 41

Junior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2015 - April 2019

Primary Education

Floridablanca New Settlement Elementary School

Palmayo, Floridablanca, Pampanga

June 2012 - April 2015

Sabangan Elementary School

Sabangan, Lingayen, Pangasinan

June 2009 - March 2012

___________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Ms. Jenny V. Castillo

Teacher II, Senior High School Adviser

Labrador National High School

I hereby certify the above information is true and correct.

CHONA G. DELA CRUZ

Signature
 42

James Lorrel P. Lamsen

Domalandan East, Lingayen, Pangasinan

09998762906

[email protected]

___________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL PROFILE

Birthdate: July 16, 203

Age: 17

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Born Again Catholic

Height:5’5

Weight: 56 kg

Father’s Name: Reynald C. Lamsen

Mother’s Name: Loida P. Lamsen

___________________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

June 2019 - July 2021

 43

Junior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2015 - April 2019

Primary Education

Naguelguel Elementary School

Naguelguel, Lingayen, Pangasinan

June 2011 - April 2015

Lingayen Educational Center

Poblacion, Lingayen, Pangasinan

June 2009 - March 2011

___________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Ms. Jenny V. Castillo

Teacher II, Senior High School Adviser

Labrador National High School

I hereby certify the above information is true and correct.

JAMES LORREL P. LAMSEN

Signature
 44

Vahn Zairuz C.Dela Cruz

#402, Dulig, Labrador, Pangasinan

09062634812

[email protected]

___________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL PROFILE

Birthdate: February 11, 2003

Age: 18

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height: 5’7

Weight: 60kg

Father’s Name: Urbaneono B. Dela Cruz

Mother’s Name: Ariza C. Dela Cruz

___________________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

June 2019 - July 2021

 45

Junior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2015 - April 2019

Primary Education

Dulig Elementary School

Dulig, Labrador Pangasinan

June 2010- April 2015

Morning Star Day Care Center

Dulig, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2009- April 2010

___________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTER PREFERENCE

Ms. Jenny V. Castillo

Teacher II, Senior High School Adviser

Labrador National High School

I hereby certify the above information is true and correct.

VAHN ZAIRUZ C. DELA CRUZ

Signature
 46

Michael Joshua S. Tamayo

Sabangan, Lingayen, Pangasinan

09177472281

[email protected]

___________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL PROFILE

Birthdate: December 24, 2003

Age: 17

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height: 5’9

Weight: 60 kg

Father’s Name: Ludivico Tamayo

Mother’s Name: Armie Tamayo

___________________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

June 2019 - July 2021

 47

Junior High School

St. Columban School INC.

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2015– March 2019

Primary Education

Immaculate Conception Learning Center

June 2009– March 2015

___________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTER PREFERENCE

Ms. Jenny V. Castillo

Teacher II, Senior High School Adviser

Labrador National High School

I hereby certify the above information is true and correct.

MICHAEL JOSHUA S. TAMAYO

Signature
 48

Aldrex Q. Nebrida

360 Bolo, Labrador, Pangasinan

09166600349

[email protected]

___________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL PROFILE

Birthdate: October 6, 2002

Age: 18

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height: 5'8

Weight:58 kg

Father’s Name: Manuel P. Nebrida

Mother’s Name: Delia Q. Nebrida

___________________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

June 2019 - July 2021

 49

Junior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2015 - April 2019

Primary Education

Kadampat Elementary School

Kadampat, Bolo, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2009 - March 2015

___________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTER PREFERENCE

Ms. Jenny V. Castillo

Teacher II, Senior High School Adviser

Labrador National High School

I hereby certify the above information is true and correct.

ALDREX Q. NEBRIDA

Signature
 50

Mark Anthony A. Samorio

275 Bolo, Labrador, Pangasinan

09127756540

[email protected]

___________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL PROFILE

Birthdate: October 29, 2001

Age: 19

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Born Again

Height: 5'3

Weight: 46 kg

Father's Name: Victor Samorio

Mother's Name: Emily Samorio

___________________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

June 2019 - July 2021

 51

Junior High School

Sta. Lutgarda National high school

Poblacion, Camarines Sur, Bicol

June 2015 - Jan. 2018

Labrador National High School

Poblacion, Labrador, Pangasinan

January 2019 - April 2019

Primary Education

Kadampat Elementary School

Bolo, Labrador, Pangasinan

June 2008 - march 2010

Wawa Elementary School

Wawa, Montalban, Rizal

June 2011 - March 2014

___________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTER PREFERENCE

Ms. Jenny V. Castillo

Teacher II, Senior High School Adviser

Labrador National High School

I hereby certify the above information is true and correct.

MARK ANTHONY A. SAMORIO

Signature
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APPENDIX E: Documentation
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