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Name: Hassan Ahmed Khan Roll No: 201907008 Section: 6 Semester

This document contains the responses of student Hassan Ahmed Khan to 30 questions related to digital communications concepts such as the relationship between period and frequency, definitions of amplitude, frequency and phase of a signal, types of transmission impairments, differences between baseband and broadband transmission, low-pass and band-pass channels, applications of Nyquist theorem and Shannon capacity, determining periodicity from frequency plots, calculations of bit rates, signal powers, gains, distances and data transfer times. The student provided concise explanations and calculations to demonstrate their understanding of key topics.

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Hassan Ahmed
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69 views3 pages

Name: Hassan Ahmed Khan Roll No: 201907008 Section: 6 Semester

This document contains the responses of student Hassan Ahmed Khan to 30 questions related to digital communications concepts such as the relationship between period and frequency, definitions of amplitude, frequency and phase of a signal, types of transmission impairments, differences between baseband and broadband transmission, low-pass and band-pass channels, applications of Nyquist theorem and Shannon capacity, determining periodicity from frequency plots, calculations of bit rates, signal powers, gains, distances and data transfer times. The student provided concise explanations and calculations to demonstrate their understanding of key topics.

Uploaded by

Hassan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Hassan Ahmed Khan Roll no: 201907008 Section: 6th Semester

Q1) What is the relationship between period and frequency?


Frequency, f, is how many cycles of an oscillation occur per second and is measured in cycles per
second or hertz (Hz). The period of a wave, T, is the amount of time it takes a wave to vibrate
one full cycle. These two terms are inversely proportional to each other: f = 1/T and T = 1/f.

For example, if a wave takes 1 second to oscillate up and down, the period of the wave is 1
second. The frequency is the reciprocal of that, 1 cycle/sec, because only one cycle occurred in a
second. If, however, a wave took half a second to oscillate up and down, the period of that wave
would be 0.5 seconds, and the frequency would be the reciprocal, or 2 cycles per second. So,
you see that a wave with a long period has a low frequency, while a wave with a short period
has a high frequency.

Q2) What does the amplitude of a signal measure? What does the frequency of a signal measure?
What does the phase of a signal measure?
Amplitude is value of signal at any point on the wave on a time domain plot graph.
Frequency is rate of change with respect to time.
Phase is described the position of the waveform relative to time zero.

Q3) Name three types of transmission impairment.


Attenuation, Distortion, Noise

Q4) Distinguish between baseband transmission and broadband transmission.


Baseband transmission is sending a digital signal over a channel without changing the digital
signal to analog.
Broadband is changing the digital signal to analog for transmission

Q5) Distinguish between a low-pass channel and a band-pass channel.


Low-pass channel is having bandwidth between 0 and infinity(f). The lowest supported
frequency of a low pass channel is 0.
Band-pass channel is having a bandwidth between f1 and f2, this means, the least frequency
supported by a band pass channel is not zero.

Q6) What does the Nyquist theorem have to do with communications?


It is a theoretical formula that calculates the data rate for a noiseless channel.
For a noiseless channel, the Nyquist bit rate formula defines the theoretical maximum
bit rate.

Q7) What does the Shannon capacity have to do with communications?


A formula, to determine the theoretical highest data rate for a noisy channel.

Q8) Can we say if a signal is periodic or non-periodic by just looking at its frequency domain plot?
How?
If a signal is periodic, we can see the signal was consistent or same size and shape along the
signal. For a signal non-periodic, we can see the signal was not consistent, and have difference
size and shape.

CCN ASSIGNMENT # 03 1
Name: Hassan Ahmed Khan Roll no: 201907008 Section: 6th Semester

Q9) Is the frequency domain plot of a voice signal discrete or continuous?


Q10) Is the frequency domain plot of an alarm system discrete or continuous?
Q11) We send a voice signal from a microphone to a recorder. Is this baseband or broadband
transmission?
Q12) We send a digital signal from one station on a LAN to another station. Is this baseband or
broadband transmission?
Q13) What is the position of the transmission media in the OSI or the Internet model?
Q14) Which signal has a wider bandwidth, a sine wave with a frequency of 100 Hz or a sine wave with
a frequency of 200 Hz?
Section - Numerical:
Q15) Given the frequencies listed below, calculate the corresponding periods.
a. 14Hz
b. 8 MHz
c. 240 KHz
Q16) Given the following periods, calculate the corresponding frequencies.
a. 15 s
b. 120 μs
c. 220 ns
Q17) What is the bit rate for each of the following signals?
a. A signal in which 1 bit lasts 0.0001 s
b. A signal in which 1 bit lasts 2 ms
c. A signal in which 10 bits last 200 μs
Q18) A device is sending out data at the rate of 1000 bps.
a. How long does it take to send out 20 bits?
b. How long does it take to send out a single character (8 bits)?
c. How long does it take to send a file of 100,000 characters?
Q19) A signal travels from point A to point B. At point A, the signal power is 100 W. At point B, the
power is 100 W. What is the attenuation in decibels?
Q20) The attenuation of a signal is -15 dB. What is the final signal power if it was originally 5 W?
Q21) A signal has passed through three cascaded amplifiers, each with a 5 dB gain. What is the total
gain? How
much is the signal amplified?
Q22) If the bandwidth of the channel is 5 Kbps, how long does it take to send a frame of 100,000 bits
out of this
device?
Q23) The light of the sun takes approximately eight minutes to reach the earth. What is the distance
between the
sun and the earth?
Q24) A line has a signal-to-noise ratio of 2000 and a bandwidth of 8000 KHz. What is the maximum
data rate
supported by this line?
Q25) We measure the performance of a telephone line (4 KHz of bandwidth). When the signal is 10 V,
the noise
is 5 mV. What is the maximum data rate supported by this telephone line?
Q26) A file contains 2 million bytes. How long does it take to download this file using a 56-Kbps
channel?
1Mbps channel?

CCN ASSIGNMENT # 03 2
Name: Hassan Ahmed Khan Roll no: 201907008 Section: 6th Semester

Q27) If the peak voltage value of a signal is 20 times the peak voltage value of the noise, what is the
SNR? What
is the SNRdB?
Q28) What is the theoretical capacity of a channel in each of the following cases:
a. Bandwidth: 20 KHz SNRdB = 40
b. Bandwidth: 200 KHz SNRdB = 4
c. Bandwidth: 1 MHz SNRdB = 20
Q29) We need to upgrade a channel to a higher bandwidth. Answer the following questions:
a. How is the rate improved if we double the bandwidth?
b. How is the rate improved if we double the SNR?
Q30) We have a channel with 4 KHz bandwidth. If we want to send data at 100 Kbps, what is the
minimum
SNRdB? What is SNR?

CCN ASSIGNMENT # 03 3

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