Pr2 reviewer

Identifying Potential Research Topic

• One of the first vital steps in the research process
• Set the direction of a research project.
• Pinakamahirap na part and pagpili ng research topic.
Research Topic becomes the basic for:
• Formulating the research question
- Research topic – broader issue/topic
- Research question – problem that researcher wants to solve
• Identifying the literatures that should be reviewed
• Narrowing down appropriate theories and framework
• Planning for data collection and analysis
Creswell (2014) Research topic is the issue or problem leading to the need for the
research
Flowchart
Developing and Narrowing down research topic ( to determine whether the research is
quanti or quali)
• Choose a general topic of interest
• Add a layer of specificity by obtaining background information
• Identify additional specifics of your topic
• Choose a particular perspective or issue on the topic and identify variables to link to
your topic
• Write a problem statement
• Formulate a working title of the study
Sources of Potential topic
• Personal sources – Diaries, surveys, intereview, and personal experience. This influencd
by the individuals’ perspectives, inclinations, and values.
• NonScholar sources – Newspaper, Tv, Radio, Netsources, Magazines. This sources
provide the researchers information on current affairs and political, social, economic, or
cultural issue.
• Scholarly Literature ( experts , academic sources) – Journal articles, books, thesis,
documents written by academics, professionals, and research organization. Such as those
found through google scholar, often undergo a rigorous review process and multiple
revisions under guidance of journal editors and experts before they are published.(highly
reputable sources)
Qualities of a good research topic
 - Must have demonstrable significance
- Should pose a question that is relevant to the real world
- Should make a specific contribution to the scholarly literature by adding to our
collective understanding of the world through scientific explanation(kailangan alam
ang significance kung makaktulong ba to sa society, strand, students,and teachers or
sa field)
- Should be relevant in reality(timely)(by directing the attention to real world
phenomena and current events)

Introduction and background of the study

introduction - is like showing a trailer of the movie
- Gives the readers an overview of the entire study is all about
- Aims to introduce readers to the research topic and the research problem that the
study is trying to address.
- To persuade the reader that the study is important and interesting
- demands careful attention since it is found at the beginning of the research paper and
is usually first thing that a reader encountered.
- A well-written introduction catches attention and interest of a reader
- It persuade them to read the rest of the study
- Poorly written introduction = lose of interest of the readers to read the entire study

Introduction section includes:

• The background of the study – gives reason behind the research chosen ( help readers
to determine if the researcher have a basic understanding of a research problem being
investigated)
- It gives the readers important information about the research being conducted
- It provides a brief explanation on how the study was conceived, how it will be
conducted, and the possible contribution it may give to the society
- To provide the reader with the context and explain the circumstances that led to study.
- provide insights to the motivations and perspective of the researcher
- often begin with a description or overview of a situation or idea of interest to the
researcher
Characteristic of a good background of the study
- Concise ( background should not written too long) (should be enough to cover the
basic points but not too long or too detailed it will bored the readers)
- Clearly written (background should be written using simple, easy to understand
words with a minimum of complicated technical terminologies and jargon.
- Persuasive ( background should be written in a way that will convince readers that
the study is interesting, important, and worth reading)
 - This means that it should be short, clear and convincing enough to make the
readers continue reading the rest of the study.
• Statement of the problem – also known as research puzzle
- Problematique
- Formal articulation of the specific topic that is intended tp address through research
- The initial discussion of the particular situation, problem or issue that will be studied.
- Problemize the topic and explicitly identify the specific situation, problem, or isuue
• Research question objective (foundation of the research) – specific inquiry
- Core of the study
- Guide the literature search
- Help narrowing down the scope and focus of literature review
- Guide on what research design to use(quali or quanti)
- Guide the researcher about what data to collect and from whom
- Important in analyzing and presenting the data
- Limit the scope of the study and prevent the research from going off in different
directions
- - demands careful attention since it is found at the beginning of the research paper
and is usually first thing that a reader encountered.
- Provide a clear sense of what the research is about and what wishes to achieve
Type of Research question in Quantitative research
➢ Descriptive- Seek to objectivity describe particular characteristic and attributes of a
person, group, institution, or phenomenon
➢ Comparative- compare 2 or more characteristic or attributes of two or more person,
groups, institutions, or phenomenon
- It involves comparing the similarities or differences between variables or determining
when has a greater or lesser value
➢ Relational – seek to understand the relation between two or more aspects or
characteristics of one or more persons, groups, institutions, or phenomenon
- The relationship being investigated can be simple association, interaction, or
accusation
• Significance of the study – importance of the study ( The benefits that society will get)
- why is the study important
-what are its contributions to the dicipline or society
-to whom will it be important
-can be written in Hierarchical and by importance method
-Hierarchical - presented in a way that the beneficiaries of the study is in the order of
their position.
-by importance method - written in a way that the beneficiaries of the study is by
importance.
• Scope and delimitation – Scope (coverage of the study)
➢ scope - set the direction of the study
 -where you clearly set what your study covers, its time period, location, subjects,
context, and its specific objectives
➢ Limitations - hindi nacocontrol ng researcher
- conditions beyond the control of the researcher
- Clearly states the limitations you encountered during the research process
- How much you think these aspects detract from your research paper and your overall
purpose
- Think of the limitation as a humble acknowledgement of your current capabilities
➢ Ontological position - As much as we try to achieve objectivity in the field of
quantitative study. It is posible that you are constrained by your inherent worldviews
- double check to ensure that you are not making any assumptions beyond what the
data supports(truthful)
resources: lack of money, time, research organizations, government database (nagkakaproblema
sa access sa mga organizations )

The main question and subquestions

- It is common for research project to have one primary question and multiple
subquestions
• Main question
-key question
-Articulates the research project's main inquiry
-specifies the aspect of the research topic you -intended to investigate
-Captures what kind of answer you are looking for

• Sub Question
- Narrower
- Either subcomponent or support of the main question
- Serve to break down the inquiry into smaller and manageable components in which
researcher can investigate separately
- The answers in subquestion also answers the main questions
Formulating Research Questions
- Narrowing down a broad topic into a specific question
- Identify a broad topic area that you are interested in studying
- Select specific research problem you want to investigate under the topic area
- Narrow down the research problem and capture it in single research main question
- Break down the main research question into subquestion
What makes a good research question?
• Clarify- what information needs to be gathered
- Do this by mentioning what specific issue are being studied
 • Empirical – can be observed by five senses (seek answers based on empirical evidences)
• Complex and not terminal-should be answered by thorough, systematic research, not
simple yes or no, no too easy and difficult to answer
• Relevant - up to date studies , and relevant to reader (can be searchable)
• practical - time, skill level and resources should be considered
Developing Research Title
- A major road sign in research (creswell,2014)
- Conveys the central idea behind your research (includes variable and others)
- should know the difference in research topic and research title
- research title (summarize the main idea of the study)(scope and research design andyan na )
- reflects the critical points of ypur research
- variables (what you are trying to look at)
- research design(kita dapat agad kung quanti or quali)(how you look at your variables)
- scope(what is covered by your study
Formulating research title
Try writing a research title by completing the sentence: My study is about…
Do not just supplement the phrase with a word or two.
Answer the question “what” and “what about your topic”
How many words
 it is recommended to keep the research title brief
 draft – 18 more or less
 research titles must only have 10-15 words
 Avoid unnecessary words
writing styles and techniques
• two-part title
• first part- snappy phrase intended to catch readers attention
• second part-detailed / more descriptive
characteristic of effective research title
- provide the necessary information - should predict the content of research paper (subject,
respondents, scope/objectives and particular settings)
- Choose the appropriate wording (wag gumamit ng jargons and uncommonly known
words)(gumamit ng word play)
- Be mindful of the length (limit your research title to 10-15 words-function words)(avoid
redundant phrases)
- Observe proper grammar and capitalization (first word capitalize kahit hindi function word)
(capitalize verb, adverb, adjectives) (do not put period in the last word of the research title)
- Cite properly