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Types of Prototypes

The document discusses additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping. It defines a prototype as the first example of something that will be copied or developed. It describes the types of prototypes based on implementation, form, and degree of approximation. It outlines the roles prototypes play in product development. The document then discusses the historical development of technologies that led to rapid prototyping. Finally, it outlines the fundamentals of rapid prototyping, including how a model is converted to an STL file and sliced into cross sections to build a 3D model through solidification of materials.

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138 views13 pages

Types of Prototypes

The document discusses additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping. It defines a prototype as the first example of something that will be copied or developed. It describes the types of prototypes based on implementation, form, and degree of approximation. It outlines the roles prototypes play in product development. The document then discusses the historical development of technologies that led to rapid prototyping. Finally, it outlines the fundamentals of rapid prototyping, including how a model is converted to an STL file and sliced into cross sections to build a 3D model through solidification of materials.

Uploaded by

ravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

(A.M)

K.RAVITEJA
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Learning outcomes

• Understand prototyping fundamentals


• Types of prototype.
• Roles of prototype
• History of Prototype.
• Phases of Prototype
• Fundamentals of Rapid prototyping.
PROTOTYPE
• Many of the processes involved in the design, test
manufacture and market of the products have
been squeezed, both in terms of time and
material resources.
• The designers are involved in the development of
prototype.
• Def: A prototype is the first or original example
of something that has been or will be copied or
developed.
• It is a Preliminary version/Approach.
Types of Prototypes
It contains three aspects of interests:
(1) The implementation of the prototype;
from the entire product (or system) itself to its sub-
assemblies and components,
(2) The form of the prototype;
from a virtual prototype to a physical prototype
(3)The degree of the approximation of the prototype;
from a very rough representation to an exact
replication of the product.
Types of Prototypes

Types of prototypes described along the three aspects of implementation, form


and degree of approximation
Roles of the Prototypes
• The roles that prototypes play in the product
development process.

(1) Experimentation and learning


(2) Testing and proofing
(3) Communication and interaction
(4) Synthesis and integration
(5) Scheduling and markers
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Year of Inception Technology
1770 Mechanization
1946 First Computer

1952 First Numerical Control (NC) Machine


Tool
1960 First commercial Laser

1961 First commercial Robot

1963 First Interactive Graphics System


(early version of Computer-Aided
Design)
1988 First commercial Rapid Prototyping
System
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
• The increase in the use of computers has spurred the
advancement in many computer-related areas
including Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer-
Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Computer Numerical
Control (CNC) machine tools.
• The emergence of RP systems could not have been
possible without the existence of CAD.
• Many other technologies and advancements in other
fields such as manufacturing systems and materials
have also been crucial in the development of RP
systems.
Phases of Development
FUNDAMENTALS OF RAPID
PROTOTYPING
• A model or component is modeled on a
Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided
Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system.
• The model which represents the physical part to
be built must be represented as closed surfaces
which unambiguously define an enclosed volume.
• The solid or surface model to be built is next
converted into a format dubbed the “STL” file
format which originates from 3D Systems.
• The STL file format approximates the surfaces of
the model by polygons.
FUNDAMENTALS OF RAPID
PROTOTYPING
• However, there are some rapid prototyping systems
which also accept IGES.
• A computer program analyzes a STL file that defines
the model to be fabricated and “slices” the model
into cross sections.
• The cross sections are systematically recreated
through the solidification of either liquids or
powders and then combined to form a 3D model.
• Another possibility is that the cross sections are
already thin, solid laminations and these thin
laminations are glued together with adhesives to
form a 3D model.
• Fundamentally, the development of RP can be
seen in four primary areas.
They are: Input, Method, Material and
Applications.
• Input refers to the electronic information
required to describe the physical object with
3D data. There are two possible starting points
—a computer model or a physical model.
• Method - While they are currently more than
20 vendors for RP systems.
• Material -The initial state of material can
come in either solid, liquid or powderstate.
• Applications can be grouped into (1) Design
(2) Engineering, Analysis, and Planning and (3)
Tooling and Manufacturing.
The Rapid Prototyping Wheel depicting the four major
aspects of RP

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