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What Are Angiosperms?

Angiosperms are flowering plants that are the most dominant type of vascular plant worldwide. They are characterized by flowers that produce enclosed seeds within a hollow ovary. Angiosperms display a diverse range in size, from microscopic to 100-meter tall trees, and can be found in varied habitats. They undergo double fertilization within flowers to produce seeds, and are divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on the number of cotyledons in seeds. Monocots have one cotyledon while dicots have two.

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88 views5 pages

What Are Angiosperms?

Angiosperms are flowering plants that are the most dominant type of vascular plant worldwide. They are characterized by flowers that produce enclosed seeds within a hollow ovary. Angiosperms display a diverse range in size, from microscopic to 100-meter tall trees, and can be found in varied habitats. They undergo double fertilization within flowers to produce seeds, and are divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on the number of cotyledons in seeds. Monocots have one cotyledon while dicots have two.

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Angiosperms

What are Angiosperms?


Flowering plants are called as angiosperms.  The flowering plants are the most
dominant vascular plants that are found in the fauna all around the world. The pleasing
and attractive colours of their flowers certainly add much more colour and brighten the
landscape of any place.

Due to the presence of flowers and enclosed seeds, they are called the phanerogams.
Scientifically speaking, in these plants, the seeds are enclosed, with the ovules present
in a hollow ovary.
Features of Angiosperms

All angiosperm plants have the characteristic vascular bundle with the xylem and
phloem tissues for conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients. The plant body is well
differentiated with a well-developed root system, shoot system and leaves. Specialised
structures called as the flowers are present. Within these flowers, the male and
female gametes develop. After fertilization, when these flowers mature, fruits are formed
which have the seeds within them.

Angiosperms can be found in varied habitats and can come in a different range of sizes.
Wolfie is an angiosperm that is microscopic whereas the Australian mountain ash tree is
about 100 meters tall. The diversity that the angiosperms display is very wide. There are
many plants that are tall woody trees, shrubs, and even herbaceous plants. These
plants also have many adaptations in the roots, stems and leaves depending on the
habitat that they grow in.

Reproduction and Fertilization


In Angiosperms the flower is the reproductive organ. One of its basic functions is to
produce seeds through sexual reproduction. The lifecycle of angiosperms shows the
alternation of generations. The haploid gametophyte alternates with the diploid
sporophyte.

The characteristic double fertilization occurs here, wherein one of the sperm fuses with
the egg and forms the zygote (syngamy).  The other sperm fuses with polar nuclei and
forms the endosperm (Triple fusion). As the two processes of syngamy and triple fusion
occur, the whole process is called double fertilization. The following figure shows the

double fertilization.

Classification of Angiosperms
Based on the types of cotyledon present, angiosperms are divided into two classes.
They are monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The dicotyledonous angiosperms have two
cotyledons in their seeds and the monocotyledonous angiosperms have one cotyledon.

Monocotyledonous plants

The monocots have some distinct features that include the presence of adventitious
roots, simple leaves with parallel venation, and trimerous flowers. The number of
vascular bundles is more and is closed. Some of the examples include bamboos,
sugarcane plants, banana, cereals, lilies etc.

Dicotyledonous plants

The dicotyledonous plants have two cotyledons with a tap root system. The venation
seen in the leaves is reticulate. Flowers can be tetramerous or pentamerous. Vascular
bundles are generally arranged in a ring and number between two to six. Examples
include Grapes, Dandelions, Sunflower, Tomatoes, and Potatoes etc.
(Source: Britannica)

Additional reading below on Angiosperm

Angiosperms - Classification, Features, Importance, Reproduction and FAQ


(vedantu.com)

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