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Speakout Advanced Plus Workbook With Key

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100% found this document useful (2 votes)

14K views80 pages

Speakout Advanced Plus Workbook With Key

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EN Jony

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You are on page 1/ 80

Richard Storton

2ND
E D IT IO N

I ) Pearson
CONTENTS

1 GAME-CHANGERS Page 4 2 LEARNING P a g e io

1.1 VOCABULARY | transformation 2.1 VOCABULARY | learning

Review 1 Page 15

3 PRO SPEC TS Page 19 A IN FLUEN CE Page 25

3.1 VOCABULARY |job hunting 4.1 VOCABULARY | influence

Review 2 Page 30

5 BODY Page 34 CULTURES Page 39

5.1 LISTENING healthy bodies 6.1 VOCABULARY | cities

Review 3 Page 45
CONTENTS

7 CLASSICS Page 49 8 CHOICE Page 54

7.1 VOCABULARY | film 8.1 VOCABULARY idioms for choices

LISTENING | test screenings LISTENING making key decisions
GRAMMAR subjunctive GRAMMAR understanding complex sentences
WRITING | a review; learn to edit a complex text VOCABULARY PLUS | connotation
7.2 VOCABULARY | relationships 8.2 VOCABULARY | ways of reading
READING | Neither rhyme nor reason READING Storytelling and reading
GRAMMAR [ adverbials GRAMMAR prepositional phrases
VOCABULARY PLUS adverb-adjective collocations WRITING for and against essay; learn to write an
introduction and conclusion
7.3 VOCABULARY | travel
8.3 VOCABULARY | wildlife
FUNCTION | telling anecdotes
FUNCTION giving opinions
LEARN TO use ellipsis
LEARN TO | hedge an option

Review 4 Page 60

AUDIO SC RIPTS Page 64

A N S W E R KEY Page 70
VOCABULARY Listen again and complete the
sentences with the exact words you
TRANSFORMATION hear. Use no more than three words.
1 Talib Alhinai's invention has
Add letters to complete the phrases in the sentences.
the potential to quickly create
1 The results of the election s in m____________ a chain __________________________ in areas
of events which altered the nature of politics within most hit by natural disasters.
European democracies. 2 Long-term, the innovation may also
2 The university research team was pleased to announce a be utilised in the construction process
m_________ b __________ ________________ _ in their studies when__________________________ .
of the human genome. 3 Mimlca Touch was designed
3 She was considered a p _ _ within ecology as a response to the creation
studies - very few people initially shared her views on of mass food waste and has a
environmental protection. __________________________ on those
A C__________ w____________in politics says who grow or sell foodstuffs.
that anyone younger than thirty is unlikely to be given a 4 Solveiga Pakstaite's Mimica
decisive role in government. Touch product may signal
5 Their new design was potentially g - significant changes in
c _________ . Up to that point, few people had used
grapene in building design. 5 Sam Stranks' invention, perovskite, is
6 Innovations in 3D printing had a p______________ __ produced by mixing man-made, low-
i____________on the way design companies could deliver cost and __________________________
prototypes to the market. materials.
7 Researchers are conducting p_________ s _ _ _ __________ 6 As perovskite can be produced
into ways of storing solar energy within wearable devices. in different colours it has an
8 The publication of their results led to a p_________________ and
s _ _ i n ways of assessing and calculating life
expectancy.
C Match the underlined words from
the recording with the definitions a)-f).
LISTENING Read the audio script on page 64 to
help you.
2 A E l 1.1 Listen to an extract from a lecture on game- 1 Working in the field of aerial robotics,
changing technologies. Complete the table as you listen. he has designed a prototype for a
flying robot...
D e s ig n e r W h a t is it? H o w does it w o rk? 2 ... another layer of plastic with
protuberances and a final, smooth
Talib Alhinai
layer of plastic.
3 ... reducing the Incidence of
workplace accidents.
4 He and a team based at MIT have
been developing lightweight, efficient
Solveiga Pakstalte
and malleable solar conductors ...
5 ... when bumps become detectable
this indicates that the food product
has gone bad.
6 ... areas of the developing world
Sam Stranks
which are currently energy deficient.

a) able to to be shaped without breaking

b) a rate of occurrence
c) able to be discovered or noticed
d ) something from which copies are
made
e ) not having enough of something
f ) something that sticks out from
something else
GRAMMAR - VOCABULARY PLUS
VERB PATTERNS PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES AFTER NOUNS

Find and correct the mistakes in sentences 1-8. There 5 Complete the sentences with the nouns in the box
are two mistakes in each sentence. and the correct preposition.
1 Have you ever considered to apply for a position in
aim consequence course hesitation hope
their research unit? If you're ready dedicate the time
implications motivation necessity passion
to it, it's a worthwhile role.
risk success talent

2 Did you manage finding that article on renewable 1 One_____________ the government's recent policy
energy studies? I mean print it off for you last week. change is that many academics can't continue
funding their research.
3 I regret telling you that unfortunately your 2 She's always had a _____________ cycling, so she
application has failed this time. You could consider jumped at the opportunity to do the Tour de France
to reapply next year. route.
3 He certainly shows a _____________ fundraising-
4 Despite a setback he went on studying at the since we took him on, our donations have increased
University of Gothenburg, where his research fourfold.
leading to a major breakthrough in geophysics. A Alain lost weight and discovered a love of running
in the ___________ taking part in a six-week sports
5 She's considered being one of the leading challenge at work.
professionals in her field. I can't help to wonder just 5 I wonder what her changing jobs was?
how she manages to do so much. I always thought she enjoyed her role.
There's no_____________ getting me to do
6 After their first failure, they needed coming up with something like that! It's much too risky!
an alternative approach. Eventually, they decided The_____________ our campaign is to raise
launch a more compact drone. awareness about the issue of child poverty.
I would have absolutely n o_____________
7 It's always been my goal doing something like this. recommending his book - it's unbelievably inspiring.
You can't blame me for try something different at 9 Despite knowing th e working in
this point in life. the area, a huge number of medical professionals
volunteered to help out.
8 Investors had committed spending several million 10 The_____________ their report were wide-ranging.
on the pilot project. Sadly, it has a long way going They signalled a paradigm shift in thinking.
before it's commercially viable. 11 We had considerable_____________ encouraging
young women to take up scientific subjects for
study.
Complete the article with the correct form of the 12 The majority of people recognise th e_____________
verbs in brackets. increased investment in health and education.

••«

STORIES PHOTOS

I’d like to think that my main motivation for doing this is (teach) interns
1_____________ (make) a difference to people’s lives. But _ (analyse) raw
I suppose2_____________ (come) here was about data from the experiments.
3_____________ (try) something new that would really This helps speed up the whole
test me in terms of my ability. My role is 4_____________ process.
(identify) viable wild seed varieties. These are used
5_____________ (create) genetically strengthened crop Initially, I was a bit overawed by
forms that will survive drought or flood conditions. the level of ability here. Some
Collectors go to great lengths6______________(gather) of the graduates are capable
the seed. o f11_____________ (do) things
that many scientists will never
One of our biggest challenges is securing financial support achieve in a lifetime. It’s game-
for projects. While many people want to donate to charities changing stuff. Working with
for life-threatening illnesses, they don’t seem to think it’s such an amazing team of committed professionals can’t
worth 7_____________ (fund) the kind of things we do. fail12_____________ (make) an impression. To be honest,
Fortunately, there are a number of grants available which it’s hard to imagine myself13_____________ (do) anything
enable u s 8_____________ (continue) our research whilst other than this.
VOCABULARY •• <g>
ADJECTIVES: NEEDING
AND GIVING Every so often, a new buzzword takes the business world by storm. A
paradigm shift in how things are done, or a whole new lexicon of abstruse
Complete the sentences with the terms to tie the novice's head in knots. In recent years, one such concept
adjectives in the box. that has gained considerable traction is social enterprise. Social enterprises
are businesses which champion the honourable intention of changing
altruistic compassionate
the world for the better. By selling goods and services in the open market,
destitute hard up lavish
on welfare philanthropic
social enterprises generate profits which are then reinvested in the local,
unstinting vulnerable or indeed global, community. The aim is to tackle social problems, improve
opportunities and address inequality, among others. Evidently, the best
1 She was renowned as one of the way to secure the financial support and ongoing allegiance of millennial
most______________individuals consumers is to care. Really care.
in the country - her annual
donations surpassed those of
Putting this cynicism aside, is social enterprise actually something which
many organisations. makes a difference? High-profile social enterprises like Toms, which has
2 After months of living on the grown in scope since its inception, have donated over 75 m illion pairs of
streets, he was extremely new shoes to needy children around the globe, using a one-for-one business
_____________ and in need of basis. For every pair of shoes sold, one is donated, enabling children to
medical attention. have improved health and safer access to education. With a decent pair of
3 We were always taught to be shoes, they can avoid any potential injuries on the walk to school - where
_____________ towards others, and possession of a pair can be an entry requirement. But there is also an array of
to value what privileges we had.
other, smaller, initiatives which are doing their bit to build a better future.
4 After the family business failed,
they were left completely
Companies like Tarjimly run by Atif Javed, an MIT graduate, are making a
difference too.Tarjimly instantly connects refugees, NGOs and immigrants
5 I'm a bit_____________ this month, in need of essential translation services - such as medical or legal aid - to
but once my next payment comes translators around the world. While this service goes some way to addressing
through I’ll be a bit more flush. a real need in current climes, Javed explains their true aim is to be a 'world-
6 They are really_____________ with class technology company for social g o o d ... pushing the boundaries of
their gifts - it's sometimes a bit language and refugee research'. Leila Janah, founder of Samasource has
embarrassing. laudable goals, too. Samasource helps to provide jobs to marginalised
7 As we are all aware from previous women and young people in impoverished areas, connecting low-income
charity campaigns, the people in
job seekers to dignified work in big name technology companies. The
this area are______________in their
company has also branched out to create Samaschool, an organisation that
generosity.
provides low-income individuals with digital skills training.
8 Don't think that they are doing
that out of wholly_____________ While these examples are inspiring, and offer a vision of corporate caring
motives - they get tax relief on that is hard not to warm to, it's perfectly reasonable to have reservations
charitable donations. about the philosophy as a whole. There is certainly a growing trend for
9 Sadly, many of the children in companies that have never really shown much compassion suddenly
the community are from broken jum ping on the impact investment bandwagon. If you have long been
homes and the family is living
perceived as a rapacious multinational focused on profit above people, then
_____________ . We need to stop
one of the best ways to redress the balance is to show a big heart.
this cycle of poverty.
There are a number of high-profile companies who have partnered with
NGOs and charitable organisations to ensure that their hard-earned dollars
READING are invested into a whole plethora of needy causes. These tend to be
extremely well-publicised initiatives, news of which often takes precedence
i t A Read the article and choose the over concerns about working conditions or corporate accountability. In fact,
best title. many business advisors highly recommend the social enterprise route to
a) Social enterprise - what's in it change negative public perceptions.
for me?
So, perhaps this is a clever idea that can shield large corporations from
b) Social enterprise - a worthwhile
criticism by offering an air of respectability. But, if in the end it's people who
way to make money?
benefit from this philanthropy, do such moral dilemmas matter?
c) Social enterprise - who's really
helping who?
Read the article again. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) GRAMMAR
or d) according to the text.
CONTINUOUS AND PERFECT ASPECT
1 What view of big business does the writer express in the first
paragraph?
Underline the correct alternative to complete
a) It frequently reinvents itself in order to remain important.
the sentences.
b) It firmly positions Itself as being vital to community
1 So, how long are you having/have you had /
development.
have you been having fundraising events like
c) It has a tendency to latch on to concepts for Its own
this? Are you raising/ Have you raised/Have
benefit.
you been raising as much as you had hoped?
d) It has a forward-thinking approach to sustainable causes.
2 On their arrival in Europe, the migrants had
2 In the second paragraph, what point does the writer make? travelled / have travelled / had been travelling
a) Only large-scale enterprises have the ability to make an for up to three months. They are hoping/
impact on social issues. have hoped/ have been hoping that their
b) Lower profile social enterprises can also make a ordeal Is now over.
difference. 3 I'm so bored, I was standing/am standing/
c) Only well-publicised enterprises have the ability to effect have been standing on this street corner
social change. collecting money since 8a.m. 17/ be doing/'II
d) Social enterprises need to have a broad vision to be have been doing/'II have done door-to-door
successful. collections tomorrow night, too.
3 The writer highlights examples of social enterprises which 4 We were totally amazed by what people
a) focus specifically on access to employment. have been donating/had donated to the
b) have a purely charitable agenda. auction. We are thinking/ have thought/ had
thought we would only raise a few hundred
c) focus on addressing issues of social Integration.
pounds, but I think it'll be much more.
d) have a purely profit-driven agenda.
5 By next week, our funding will be increasing/
4 In the fouth paragraph, the writer points out that
will have increased / is increasing to more
a) Interest in social enterprise is a niche market. than €10,000. We have planned/are
b) interest In social enterprises has become more planning/have been planning to spend the
mainstream. bulk of It on equipment for the park.
c) social enterprise Is always of Interest to the public. 6 It's fantastic that she is raising/has raised/
d) social enterprise Is a philosophical approach to business. has been raising so much support for her
5 In the fifth paragraph, the writer says that large corporations campaign. It seems only a few days ago
a) assume the role of social enterprise to avoid closer since we were designing/have designed/
scrutiny. have been designing her web page.
b) assume the role of social enterprise to Increase profits.
c) assume the role of social enterprise for tax purposes.
4 For 1-6, complete the second sentence so
it has a similar meaning to the first. Use no
d) assume the role of social enterprise to do good. more than five words and the word given.
6 A recurring idea in the whole article Is that social enterprise
1 Donating online Is new to me. NEVER
a) is a positive force when truly practised with good
I ___________________________ before.
intentions.
2 Anna hasn't been to Japan before. FIRST
b) is a temporary solution to highly complex, bigger issues.
This Is th e __________________________
c) is sometimes initiated for questionable reasons.
Japan.
d) has provided a viable alternative to conventional wisdom.
3 The apartment will take us three weeks to
renovate. RENOVATED
Match the underlined words from the article with the
In three weeks' tim e______________________
definitions.
the apartment.
1 loyalty or commitment to a group or cause
4 They rely on you too much. They have since
2 ideas which are obscure or difficult to understand their baby was born. BEEN
3 aggressively greedy or grasping They___________________________ too much
4 a quality of being socially acceptable since the birth of their baby.
5 being considered more important than something else 5 He meets charity commission officials on
6 aims which are deserving of praise 17th June. WILL
7 the establishment or starting point of something H e ___________________________ officials
8 a large or excessive amount from the charity commission on 17th June.
6 We spoke to every donor today. HAD
Write your own ideas on the question raised at the end of W e __________________________ the end of
the article. the day.
Extending a hand of hope
Have you ever been in a situation people’s needs with services that
when everything seemed can readily assist them. One
1__________________________ ? Weil, recipient o f this help was medical
in times o f need, it’s worthwhile student Orhan Demir. After
remembering that help could completing his studies, he wanted
be close at hand. Help@Hand to set up a small clinic. His
is a website which connects
individuals in need with charitable when he realised that his visa
organisations and provides them had expired, and that without W h a t makes Help@Hand an
with opportunities to turn their a job offer he would nteresting proposition is that
lives around. 5__________________________ o f t isn’t a charity solely focused
staying in the country. His on raising donations. The main
As website founder Andy Steele 6__________________________ was approach is to ensure that those in
explains, ‘Sometimes people come to try and find an employer fast. need can work within part o f
to us who have just Help@Hand matched him with a wider community to improve their
charity that offered check-ups to ot. Charity groups have
They can’t see a way out from the homeless and vulnerable. For ___________________________ that
their current difficulties. W e Orhan, there is benefactors will continue to
address that by actively seeking 7___________________________ that upport this ground-breaking
solutions.’ His website can offer he’ll one day be able to fulfil his nitiative, and Steele certainly has
a 3___________________________ in ambition. For the charity, there is a ___________________________ that it
these troubled times by matching skilled practitioner. will grow in scope.

WRITING C Underline the correct alternative to complete the

collocations.
AN ARTICLE
1 It's incredibly important that we respect/reflect the
wishes of our patrons for privacy and keep their
Complete the article above with collocations a)-i).
names anonymous.
Use a collocation dictionary if necessary.
2 She'd hoped that they would secure long-term
a) hopes were dashed funding for the project and finally got/granted her
b) given up hope wish last week with the news of interested investors.
c) best hope 3 We can't afford to ignore/express the wishes of the
d) expressed hope general public at this critical stage in negotiations.
e) high hopes They are vital to our success.
f) glimmer of hope 4 If I could grant/get one wish, it would be to make the
g) have no hope world a safer place.
h) renewed hope 5 On the whole, I was pleased with the local council
i) completely hopeless decision. It broadly fulfilled/reflected the wishes of
local residents.
B Read the features of informal articles. Which 6 Joanna has expressed/made a wish to study in the
features has the writer used? United States. We're doing all we can to make that
1 A catchy title happen.
2 Informal rhetorical questions
E Write an article of your own (250 words). Focus
3 A question-answer sequence
on a project you know about that is concerned with
4 Addressing the reader directly wishes or hopes. Use the article in Exercise 5A as a
5 Quotations model.
6 Examples
7 Informal sentence starters Read your first draft and then find the nouns
8 Contractions (including synonyms) that appear frequently.
Use a collocation dictionary to vary the verbs and
9 Informal lexis and lexical phrases
adjectives that collocate with those nouns.
VOCABULARY FUNCTION
COLLOCATIONS PRESENTING SURVEY RESULTS

Match words from boxes A and B to make Put the words In the correct order to complete the conversations.
collocations to complete the sentences. 1 A: What was your view on why the companies were so successful?
A B: impression / that / simply / was/my
access business collaborative Well,__________________________________________________
on-demand online outer profit they offer great customer service.
sharing umbrella 2 A: Do most people agree the sharing economy is a good thing?
B: that / the / seems / be / to / consensus.
B Well, . It's
access consumption driven here to stay, if nothing else.
economy (x2) fringes model 3 A: Can you explain why there are fewer subscribers now?
terms transactions B: speculate / might / one / that
Well,___________________________________________________ it's
Their business model is completely due to growing competition within the industry.
__________________________ . Their
4 A: Did you find that most people enjoyed their experience of
only desire is to increase their annual
using the service?
turnover.
B: whole / the / on
While companies like Uber could
Yes,___________________________________________________ they
be regarded as pioneers in the
were very positive indeed.
__________________________ , some
of their business practices may be 5 A: Did you say that demographics plays a big part in their
questionable. business profile?
As they have little to do with sharing B: this / illustration / of / another
of any resources, it would be better Yes,___________________________________________________ is
to refer to them as proponents of the that the online interface is more youth-oriented.
6 A: Don't people buy films from their database, too?
Over the last few years, there has B; speaking/though/generally
been a sharp increase in the number Yes, but__________________________________________________
o f__________________________ being its commercial focus is on streaming content.
made. It may be due to consumer 7 A: Can you tell us a bit more about customer complaints?
confidence in cyber-security. B: example / one / cite / to
When Airbnb launched the idea of Well,__________________________________________________, a
__________________________ , where user complained that choice could be limited.
both organisations and individuals
could benefit from business
transactions, this appealed to many LEARN TO
apartment owners.
They have an incredibly successful CHUNK LANGUAGE
__________________________ .The
value of their company has more than 3 A Mark with / where you would pause in the following sentence If
trebled in recent years. you read it aloud.
While a number of businesses Another illustration of this is the number of people between the
will accept Bitcoins for services, ages of eighteen and twenty-five who applied for tax relief but who
it still remains a currency on the as it happened hadn't paid any tax.
__________________________ of the
economy. 1.2 Listen and check.
The entertainment industry has been
revolutionised by the concept of
C Read the extract and mark with / for a short pause, and // for a
longer pause.
__________________________ . Overheads
can be reduced, while the range of Does it really matter whether businesses have a social agenda
products available to consumers grows. as long as they are benefiting the economy? Many people may
'Intellectual property' is one of those believe that in an increasingly globalised world we should be more
__________________________ which is philanthropic that is caring. However there's no point in speaking of
often mentioned in contracts. It simply doing this if nobody's quality of life improves is there?
refers to certain exclusive rights in
o s 1.3 Listen and check.
intangible things.
VOCABULARY LISTENING
LEARNING
2 A Look at the photos. What might people enjoy about learning to do
these things?
Complete the sentences with
the words and phrases in J
the box.

crucial element derided

engaged highly beneficial

m
make an educated guess
praised steer clear of
something of a perfectionist

> Their method of teaching,

once________________________
by critics, has now become
B 0 2.1 Listen and check.
part of the mainstream
education experience in
C Listen to the two extracts again. For questions 1-4, choose the
many countries.
answer a), b) or c) which fits best according to what you hear.
You may not know the

Z answer, but if you

there's always the chance

Extract 1
You hear a woman talking about a course that she attends.
1 What is the woman doing when she mentions the cost of classes?
you'll get it right.
a) highlighting their accessibility
o She's a very competent
b) criticising their exclusivity
speaker, but there are
c) justifying the expense
some topics she tends to
2 What advice does she give for prospective participants?
Perhaps she feels a) Don't expect instant results.
uncomfortable with them. b) Avoid making mistakes.
There's a lot of evidence c) Accept assistance wherever possible.
pointing towards learner Extract 2
independence being the
You hear a tutor talking about the value of learning to play an
instrument.
in successful language study.
3 He believes that people's opinion about arts subjects
It's so important that
a) is overly critical.
students remain as
b) is too simplistic.

as possible. They'll be more c) is informed by long-standing attitudes.

motivated that way. 4 When talking about introducing the guitar to schoolchildren he
Reading to a child reveals
from an early age is a) his concern about their lack of enthusiasm.
b) his delight at their reactions.
to their educational c) his dismay that they have few opportunities to be creative.
development.
I was always D Match the underlined words and phrases from the recording with
definitions a)-f). Read the audio script on page 64 to help you.
by my parents when I did well over time numbers have dwindled.
at school, but they supported I've had more opportunity to grill the instructor...
me when I found things Having said that, seniors and the unemployed are subsidised.
tough, too.
I wouldn't want to cast aspersions on head teachers ...
He's_______________________
... cutting back on itinerant teachers who offer art or music lessons.
- it takes him forever to finish
All the attitude drops away, and they just start having fun.
redrafting essays.
a) disappears
b) have costs reduced by helping pay for a service
c) ask lots of detailed questions
d) to make critical or unpleasant remarks
e) moving from place to place
f) become gradually less or smaller
GRAMMAR For 1-8, complete the second sentence so it has a similar
r AND RELATED EXPRESSIONS meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and the
word given.

m Complete the article with the words in the box. 1 She'll be accepted at her first choice of university, but
only if she passes the exams. PROVIDED
as long as but for if any if in doubt Her first-choice university___________________________ she
if so it seems as if otherwise passes the exams.
provided that rarely, if ever unless
2 Apparently, there are a few questions about the accuracy
whether or not without
of last year's tests. SEEMS
It ___________________________ some inaccuracies in last
year's tests.
3 It's not that clear if he learnt much during his degree.
WHETHER
A quick glance through any number of online I don't___________________________ he learnt anything
■forums will reveal that for the pedagogical during his degree.
community, learning styles are a fairly ubiquitous 4 If you're not sure what to do, send an email to your tutor.
concept. While there’s an abundance of DOUBT
'esearch into the field,
I'd contact__________________________ .
'___________________________there Is
ttle consensus on what learning styles 5 There's very little difference in the colleges, really. ANY
are.2 do two There is little___________________________ the two
commentators seem to agree. In fact, some colleges.
educational experts actually argue they don’t 6 If you put in a bit more effort, I can't see you failing. AS
exist.3__________________________ , that would
You'll__________________________ you put in a bit more
certainly contradict a good deal of official policy.
effort.
The traditional view is that each learner
7 If it's true, we should tell somebody. SO
■as a particular favoured style which
enables them to pick up information more ___________________________ be told.
effectively than other forms of teaching and 8 They almost never attended the lectures I was at. IF
'earning. Conventional wisdom would have it They__________________________ to the same lectures
thatJ___________________________ children as me.
earn regularly in their chosen style, they will
~ave a better chance of success.
;__________________________ , they may not fulfil
Iheir potential.
VOCABULARY PLUS
recent studies IDIOMS: FEELINGS
P. cognitive psychologists, this might be viewed
as a given. However, they have shown that Match the sentence halves.
students don’t perform any differently
__________________________ they are given 1 As soon as I walked into class, I got that sinking feeling;
tests in one learning style or another. What 2 I'm sorry, I don't think I'll make it to today's lesson;
trey may have, rather than a particular style, 3 If you ask me, he's got a bit of a chip on his shoulder;
s a preference. So, what issues, 4 If you applied to study there, they'd welcome you with
__________________________ , does this raise? open arms;
-Veil, the problem has been that over time, what
The teaching union has its back to the wall;
cegan as a notion has become a theory of the
mind which has been used to justify curricula. When I got to university, I felt like a fish out of water;
■__________________________ , take a look at I've been on cloud nine since I received the news;
some of the materials rigorously imposed upon 8 The education policy looks to be coming apart at the
teachers and students. seams;
C'tics of more entrenched approaches to a) I really can't believe that they've accepted my application.
earning styles would argue that while people
co learn differently, it’s important to say how
b) I think he feels inferior because of where he studied.
ney learn differently and to focus on meaningful c) they are under pressure to negotiate with the
crterence which can be observed. They would government.
posit that10__________________________ d) I'm feeling a bit under the weather.
earning contexts are addressed, styles are fairly e) everyone seemed so much more confident than me.
meaningless.11__________________________
f) everyone's asking how the government intends to provide
e think about a bigger picture, we can better
funding.
address needs.12__________________________
coking at the learning environment, and factors g) the desks were laid out for a test and I hadn't done any
ft- ch impact on it, we can’t start to make real, revision.
-easurable differences. h) you're just the kind of student they want to enrol.
VOCABULARY • ••
COLLOCATIONS: EDUCATION

Adjust the underlined words to make the

There is a growing amount of concern from
correct collocations.
many academics in the study of education
The emphasis at our college is on finding that children are suffering from a lack of
____________________ your potential. engagement with nature and the outdoor
There is a new interactive space for environment. What has been dubbed ‘nature
learning, and many students are fulfilling deficit disorder’ can be characterised by a
____________________ the initiative by sense of alienation from surroundings that
recording their presentations. results in a diminished use of the senses,
We have always had striving attention difficulties and higher rates of
___________________ standards, physical or emotional illness. Furthermore, children who fail to engage
with the natural world through play or outdoor learning are often seen
but that doesn't mean that in focus
to have an inability to assess risk. To address such concerns, forest
for excellence we
schools have often been promoted as an educational alternative to
ignore what makes learners unique.
more traditional classroom-based learning models. Currently, many
While we encourage everyone to work forest school programmes tend to focus on early years, or disaffected
as hard as possible, there is a nurturing pupils; however, there is evidence that such projects have noticeable
____________________ on individuality: benefits for children across the learning spectrum.
students can set their own long-term goals
and learning pathway.
B
We're quite flexible as a school. Although
So, why does a forest school ethos make a difference? Well, for
we do offer a mutual
one, there’s that exploration of risk, which many development
curriculum, we're not all that results-driven.
psychologists highlight as an essential stage in learning. Children
We're interested in our students fostering have a natural need for risk-taking, and exposure to reasonable
quality____________________ relationships. uncertainty in a controlled environment provides the opportunity to
Once they have good feed this. Without such opportunities, as can be offered in an outdoor
respect for one another, you're on your learning space, a child may well pursue unmanaged risk in a non-
way to helping them attain what they educational environment. Dealing with hazardous situations helps to
need in life. develop personality traits such as resilience and self-reliance. More
conventional classroom spaces tend to limit the opportunity for
risk-taking, thereby stifling a sense of learner independence.
READING
Read the article. For questions 1-10, choose As important as independence is, success in adulthood is most often
from the sections (A-D). The sections may be aligned with collaboration and critical thinking. For forest schools to
chosen more than once. work, they also rely upon the communal approach. Individuals may
interact with the natural world to engage interests and develop mental
Which section ...
and physical well-being, but they do this as part of a broader team.
gives reasons why forest schools help child
It’s not enough just to have pupils doing traditional lessons in a
development?
non-traditional environment. Or to only foster a sense of connection
cites a psychological term for a condition with nature. They also need to embrace the outdoor learning space as
affecting some young people? a locus of social interaction, too.
warns of pursuing an education system
without a focus on working together?
mentions forest schools being used for There are, of course, critics of any approach which goes against
children who may have behavioural issues? the norms. Having said that, these tend to either focus on the
expresses concerns that some people have pro-environmental stance of forest schooling, or raise concerns
about the forest school system? regarding the prospective hygiene of outdoor learning. While the latter
highlights the dangers of limiting childrens' may be a valid point, it has been noted that childen participating in
natural instincts? forest schools tend to have better attendance records when illness is
describes some beneficial life skills? taken into account. It may be that pupils tend not to be in extremely
close proximity, and so illness doesn’t spread. General cleanliness
criticises a view which it considers to be
may be an issue, depending on the location of the outdoor learning
outmoded?
space, but on the whole this can be monitored as well as in a
mentions the potential for using forest conventional school. The notion that a pro-environmental perspective
schools more broadly? is somehow a drawback is much more contentious. Given that young
10 draws attention to a disadvantage of more people will become the stewards of our environment, and involved
traditional teaching environments? in making the policy that shapes it, it seems remiss not to encourage
any interest they may harbour.
iRAMMAR WRITING
NOMINAL RELATIVE CLAUSES TAKING NOTES; WRITING A SUMMARY

Complete the texts with the words in the box. S a b 2.2 Listen to an interview about the nature of
teaching. Complete the notes.
how what whatever whichever
whoever why
Issues within teaching
The secret to good learning?
n/orkload = probleiwatic
A Learning is all about collaboration.
1_____________ you work with, you can always
glean some extra piece of knowledge. It ClassrooM teaching kours-,
might be technical know-how, or just a more England - 1_______________________________ OECV average * ______________________
streamlined approach to completing a more Oapan - zndrysckool Is 32 p erc en t class tim e. But
mundane task, but anything that you learn sta n d ard s v. kigk ................................................................ _ _____________

from colleagues is worthwhile. I also think it's MCLtiwe f o r 3 ___________________________

essential to be open about any difficulties iess 4 , _____

you're facing. If I'm not sure 2_____________ Heed - role to develop, opp to explore -field, etc.
to do, I'll ask - there's little point trying to
Out-of-class time
conceal inadequacies, because they'll always
Currently - r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fo c u s e d
come out in the end.3_____________ mistakes
Ideal - More opps f o r collaboration with
you make, can always be turned into learning
opportunities.
B The best ways to learn? I suppose a lot Other concerns
depends o n 4 learning style you P ay 7
prefer. Although I think you need to consider
5_____________ you are learning, too. So
B Read the summary. Has the writer
often we make educational demands where
the outcomes are unclear. I think that lack • used paragraphs for each topic?
of clarity obscures things. If teachers took • included the relevant information based on the notes?
more time to weigh up6_____________ the • used discourse markers or cohesive devices to link ideas?
knowledge that they were imparting would be • used their own words in a concise way?
of use to their pupils, it would be a good start. • used any statistics to support information?
• a) summarised in an objective way or b) given an opinion?
For 1-6, write the second sentence so it
has a similar meaning to the first. Use the
words given.
In my opinion, one of the current problems facing the teaching
1 Can you remember the subject of our profession in the UK is that in recent years there has been a
discussion last week? considerable increase in the workload. With newly-qualified
recall / what / was / talk teachers being asked to spend more time in the classroom
teaching, there is less opportunity for them to develop the
2 I always thought that life at university would skills they need to become better teachers. In the UK, teachers
be like this. can spend much longer than the OECD average in class.
how / imagined / be Contrastively, Japanese secondary school teachers spend a lot
less time in class. Meanwhile, this hasn't affected standards,
3 She thinks I'm always making mistakes. which remain very high.
According/ whatever/ do/wrong However, the situation is very different in the UK, the profession
is certainly less intellectually attractive to graduates. Where
A If something happens, you'll be to blame. there is currently provision of out-of-class time, this tends to be
Anything / that / wrong allocated to administrative tasks. If teachers could spend more
time working with colleagues and observing other teachers'
5 He only gave me a very small amount of classrooms while also preparing materials collectively, or
information. even working with parents, then I believe that would make a
told / what/little tremendous difference to the role. This model is considered best
practice in the highest performing education systems - Japan,
South Korea, Finland.
6 There are so many good classes, choosing one I
is hard.
know / which / choose C Write your own summary of the interview in Exercise 5A
(200 words). Use the checklist in Exercise 5B to help you.
VOCABULARY 2 A: Tony, you mentioned schools specialising in
one particular medium. Could you implore
CREATIVITY that further?
B: Sure, there are situations where schools
Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct word or have developed partnerships with
phrase. professionals in the creative Industries to
1 fertile/vivid push a broader skills base. For instance,
a) She has such a __________________________ collaborating with a local radio station or
imagination - so far, she's written more than ten gallery.
novels. A: I can't Imagine that works. Students could
b) He's always had a __________________________ get a lot out of that.
imagination - he's forever making up stories about B: Yeah, and It ties into a lot of subject areas -
things. the arts, communication, ITC ...
2 heart/rote
8 E 2.3 Listen and check.
a) Many students rely o n _________________________
learning to pass their exams,
b) I remember spending hours at school having to learn
poems b y__________________________ .
LEARN TO
intuition / intellect MANAGE INTERACTION
a) As the study was inconclusive we had to rely on
rather then detailed 3 A Put the words in the correct order to
analysis. complete the conversations.
b) He's fairly lazy, and often relies on 1 A: K ate/an yth ing /to/w an t/ad d /you/d id ?
rather than hard work to
achieve good grades.
B: Yes, actually, I was wondering If you'd read
tried and tested / think outside the box the report on forest schools.
a) I'd prefer to go with a _________________________ 2 A: The main reason that the attainment gap Is
method. It's safer that way. growing Is lack of training.
b) Sometimes you need to _ B: make / that / about / comment / a / can / I?
there might be an alternative approach,
rigid / versatile
3 A: Substantially less is spent on teacher
a) They seem to have a particularly training than in the past.
mindset - they don't like
B: digressing/we/think/m ight/1/be ...
to do anything out of the ordinary.
b) The course offers a __________________________
A A: u p / l/ w ra p / ju s t/ w h a t/ w a s / l/ c a n /
approach to learning, combining conversation, video
saying?
lessons and exchange programmes.

B: OK, but can you make It a quick point?

FUNCTION 5 A: Well, I'm not convinced myself, I think...
B: P a u l/ to / sa y / c a n / ju s t/ w e / w h a t/
LEADING A DISCUSSION
hear/wanted?

2 A Read the extracts from discussions about education and

6 A: Look, there's a video about it online. I'll
creativity. Find and correct two mistakes in each extract.
show you ...
1 A: So, our task today is to discuss creative approaches to
B: move / on / we're / time / so / pressed /
educational Improvement. Who'd like to kick this one
let's /for.
out? Sally?
B: Yeah, sure. Well, I've been looking at some of the
ways attainment is being addressed at primary levels. B E 2.4 Listen and check.
Rather than traditional testing forms, students are
being offered the opportunity to prepare task-focused Listen again and repeat sentences 1-6 from
work which highlights their learning. Exercise 3A. Concentrate on the intonation to
A: Could you illustrate on that? sound impatient, tentative or firm and polite.
B: Well, the Idea Is that they work together to make or
develop something which can show teachers what
they've picked up during the academic year.

1^
REVIEW I: UNITS 1-2 Rl

GRAMMAR VERB PATTERNS VO CABULARY R E V IEW I

For 1-10, complete the second sentence so it has a Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct word
similar meaning to the first. Use no more than five or phrase.
words and the word given. 1 had a profound impact on / set in motion
1 Ella succeeded in completing her application on a) His discovery___________________________ changes
time. in the way that people conducted research.
MANAGED b) Her approach to playing_________________________
Ella__________________________ her application many younger composers, who were inspired by her.
on time. 2 altruistic/compassionate
2 i think that this is the right place, here. a) He might seem generous, but it's not for
APPEARS ______________reasons; he gets course credits for
This__________________________ the right place. voluntary work,
3 It's really kind of you to help me with my essay. b) She's an incredibly individual. She
APPRECIATE cared for her parents for years.
I __________________________ me with the essay. 3 outer fringe/umbrella term
A 'Shall I get you a coffee, Kate?' said Tom. a) I'd consider digital marketing an
___________________________ as there are so many
OFFERED
varieties labouring under that description.
Tom__________________________ Kate a coffee.
b) They've been operating on the
5 Getting the money meant we could continue our
___________________________ of business for years.
research.
Who knows if what they do is actually legal.
ENABLED
A game-changer/pioneer
Getting the money__________________________
a) In terms of promoting renewables, the new lithium
with our research.
ion battery was a _____________ .
6 Parking is not permitted here.
b) With her unconventional style, she's widely regarded
ALLOWED
as a in the fashion industry.
You are here.
5 business model / online transaction
7 She might miss the plane if she waits.
a) I'm afraid I don't have much confidence in their
RISKS . It seems very vague.
S h e ___________________________ if she waits. b) I understand that our__________________________to
8 It's compulsory for all college employees to carry cover the bill didn't go through.
ID. 6 destitute/hard up
REQUIRED a) I can't wait for pay day to arrive. I'm a bit
All college employees__________________________ _____________ at the moment.
carry ID. b) Following the banking crisis, millions of people were
9 We can't be angry with him - he wants to try a left_____________ .
new job. 7 access economy / on-demand access
BLAMED a) The__________________________ has opened up a
He shouldn't to try a world of possibilities forpeople who want tomake a
new job. little bit more money.
10 It was agreed that the issue would be brought up b) The film was only available v ia ____________________,
at the next meeting. and we don't have a subscription.
BRING 8 unstinting/vulnerable
They resolved___________________________ up at a) With tax increases hitting hard, many people are
the following meeting. becoming_____________ to poverty.
b) She showed_____________ energy and enthusiasm
throughout the charity campaign.
9 pilot studies / paradigm shift
a) They conducted several_________________________
to determine how efficient the system was.
b) The advent of motion capture technology was a
for film-making.
10 lavish / philanthropic
a) I really wish they wouldn't be so with
presents. It must cost a fortune.
b) She's renowned for her________ works. She
donates a great deal to charity.
Rl REVIEW I: UNITS 1-2

GRAMMAR C O N T IN U O U S AN D PERFECT ASPECT FUNCTION PRESEN TIN G SU RVEY RESULTS

Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs Complete the conversations with the phrases in the
in brackets. box.
Since we arrived here in the summer we
another illustration of this might speculate that
1__________________________ (wonder) how best to help
my impression was on the whole
the community. The locals 2__________________________
that seems to be the consensus to cite one example
(be) so welcoming, and we just want to give something
back, you know? A couple of weeks ago, we started 1 A: Have you found that most customers are happy
an online campaign for the local school. We with the service?
3__________________________ (set up) a website
B: Yes, - although there
where people can make donations. But unlike most
are always going to be a few issues.
fundraising drives, they'll be donating time, rather
2 A: Do they offer any advantage in terms of service?
then money. So far, w e 4__________________________
B: Well,__________________________ they will deliver
(have) a lot of interest from different tradespeople,
anywhere seven days a week.
and even the media. On Friday morning I
5__________________________ (speak) to local radio 3 A: That's pretty useful. I guess it helps more flexible
about the project. A bit nerve-wracking, but hopefully small businesses.
it'll go well. Kate6__________________________ (arrange) B: Yes,___________________________ is that they offer
things with all the different businesses who want to a packaging service, too.
get involved - it 7__________________________ (take) up 4 A: Why did people use that company over others?
most of her time at the moment. To be B: Well,__________________________ they offered
_______________________ (amaze) by
honest, we 8______________________ more competive prices than anyone else.
everyone's unstinting generosity. At the beginning, 5 A: Are people concerned about the lengths of
w e 9___________________________ (think) perhaps contracts they have to sign up to?
fifty or so hours would be donated, but it B: I think__________________________ customers I
10___________________________ (look) more like three spoke to were happy with six-month contracts.
hundred at this point. It just feels like a short time
6 A: Can you give us a reason why there are so many
since we 11__________________________ (discuss) the
businesses like this starting up?
idea, and now it really 12_
B: Well, yo u ___________________________ it's because
(take) off.
there's less regulation in the market these days.

VOCABULARY PLUS
VOCABULARY R E V IEW 2
PREPO SIT IO N A L PHRASES AFTER N O U N S

4 Underline the correct alternatives.

S Complete the text with the words and phrases in the
box.
1 He was only young when we discovered he had an
incredible talent for/of mathematics. derided engaged fire imagination
2 One key consequence on/of their policy has been a fufill potential mutual respect quality curriculum
growth in class sizes. rigorous standards steer clear of
3 It's worth remembering that the implications of/in think outside the box
this plan failing are massive.
I think that the reason so many educational
A If you ask me, he lacks the motivation for/of such an
policies are 1 j is that
important role.
they tend to be qulck-fix political decisions,
5 We had no hesitation in/on accepting their generous rather than looking at what is needed to keep
offer. young people2__________________________
6 They started their business with the aim for/of in learning. All that most people want is that
providing a bespoke service to clients. their kids get the opportunity to 3_____________
7 Since last year, we've had considerable success for/in their_____________ - they aren't all particularly
extending our sales reach. concerned about attainment and assessment. Yes,
8 You shouldn't ignore the necessity in/of a reliable there need to b e 4___________________________to
mountain guide. ensure that teaching is of the highest level, but
9 It was during a trip to Australia that I developed a we ought t o 5___________________________ telling
passion for/in surfing. teachers what to do all the time. Anyone who can
10 The rescue team have been searching for days. 6___________ _______________should be encouraged
There's no hope of/in them finding anyone. to explore this creative facet. As long as there's a
7__________________________ , there should be some
flexibility on how it's delivered. A good teacher will
be able to 8_ and foster a
sense o f 9___________________________ among pupils.
REVIEW I: UNITS 1-2 RI

GRAMMAR IF AN D RELATED EX PR ESSIO N S GRAMMAR N O M IN A L RELATIVE CLA USES

Complete the conversations with the phrases in the Underline the correct alternative in the sentences.
box. You do not need all the phrases and sometimes 1 I think it's really important to discuss whatever/
more than one answer is possible. whichever problems you've been having with your
studies. That way you can make improvements.
as long as but for if any if in doubt if so
it seemed as if otherwise provided that 2 I'll work with whoever/however I want to at the time.
unless without Learning is about collaborating with a range of
different people.
1 A: You and your friends have just ordered a 3 I tend to read as much as possible; whichever/
takeaway delivery. When it comes, no one has whenever I find a good book, I can hardly put it
money on them. Do you pay? down.
B: N ot__________________________ they intend to A Learning a new language is always fun however/
contribute later on. whatever it happens. It can be a new phrase from a
2 A: You're in a meeting, and your colleague, a taxi driver, or something you pick up in a class.
friend, is making no sense. Everyone is getting 5 When I find a synonym for a new word, I tend to
frustrated. What would you do? use whichever/whatever is the easiest for me to
B: i'd try to help him/her out, pronounce, even though it might not work in the
___________________________ I'm not acting like a context.
friend, am I? 6 There comes a certain point where/when you just
3 A: Would you ever consider studying abroad? need to take responsibility for your actions.
B: Yes,__________________________ I had a place at a 7 I feel that it's important to know why/how you
good university and enough money. intend to resolve the matter.
A A: Would you ever walk out on someone during a 8 I'm sorry, I just don't know how/what to say about
date? that.
B: Maybe. If we just
weren't going to click. FUNCTION LEAD IN G A D ISCU SSIO N
5 A: What would you do if you found a suitcase full of
cash on a train?
10A Put the underlined words in the correct order to
B: _______________________ I'd leave it where it complete the sentences.
was. And maybe tell someone at the next station.
a) can / just / come / in / if / 1/ here, I've got a few
6 A: Do you think he made much difference to the
ideas.
team?
b) want / anything / add / to /you / did, Pete?
B:____________ ______________ his goals, we'd have
c) might / we / be / digressing / 1/ think a bit.
been relegated this season.
d) make / comment / about / a / that / can / 1, please?
e) focused / stay / let's; there's a lot to cover.
VOCABULARY PLUS FEELIN GS f) we're / on / for / move / so / pressed / let's / time,
shall we?
Add letters to complete the phrases in the sentences.
1 I wouldn't bother getting into a argument with him, B Complete the conversations with the sentences
from Exercise 10A.
he's got a c on his s_________________ about
the fact that he didn't get the job. 1 A : _______________________________________________
2 Hem_________ m yf__________ c__________ -I can't B: Good point, we've only got a few minutes before
stand being in the same room as him. we report back to class.
3 If you ever change your mind about studying here, 2 A: Did anyone see that documentary about this
we'd w_______________ you with_o_______a_______ . issue on TV?
A I'm not sure that team sports are his thing; he B: _ ............................................
looked like a f out of w_________ . can we just answer the questions?
5 That's it, I'm heading home. I've felt u_________ the 3 A : _______________________________________________
w______________ since last night. B: Yeah, I did actually. I think we need to look at
6 Despite their good intentions, their plans began to other options, too.
come a_________ at the s__________ . A A : _______________________________________________
7 You know that s_______________ f______________ B: Sure, what was it you wanted to say, Ella?
you get when you realise you've pressed send by 5 A: _______________________________________
mistake? B: OK, we should try and stick to the main topic.
8 When I realised how close we'd come to danger, it 6 A : _______________________________________________
made my b__________ r _ __c_______ .
B: OK, but can you keep it brief, Anna?
Rl REVIEW I: UNITS 1-2

CHECK
Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 As far as I'm concerned, this idea is a . 16 I was really shocked when I heard what she .
a) profound impact b) game-changer a) had done b) was doing
c) pilot study c) will have been doing
2 says that you just can't do that. 17 The children to visit next weekend.
a) Paradigm shifting b) Game-changing a) will have been hoping b) will have hoped
c) Conventional wisdom c) are hoping
3 Have you ever considered one of those? 18 They took their to the bank to secure
a) to buy b) buying c) buy funding.
4 I didn't manage him last night. a) business model b) profit driven
a) to call b) calling c) call c) online transaction
5 I think that we need with a new plan. 19 I'm part of th e - I rent out my parking space.
a) to come up b) coming up c) come up a) umbrella term b) on-demand access
6 I decided to do this jo b a difference where it c) access economy
matters. 20 Children who are for good work usually do
a) to make b) making c) make well.

7 It's really strange to see you that. a) derided b) engaged c) praised

a) to do b) doing c) do 21 If you don't know the answer, make guess.

8 We started out early this morning, with the aim a) an educated b) a perfectionist
getting home at five. c) a highly beneficial

a) for b) in c) of 22 they disagreed on a number of key issues.

9 We have absolutely no hesitation______ a) Provided that b) It seems as if c) But for

recommending him for the job. 23 , just ask someone else,
a) for b) in c) of a) If in doubt b) If so c) If any
10 She's had a passion art since we visited 24 She doesn't fit In. She's a out of water.
Florence. a) chip b) fish c) cloud
a) for b) in c) of 25 Your great idea is unfortunately coming apart at the
11 You really should think about th e of your
actions. a) arms b) shoulders c) seams
a) implications b) consequences c) motivations 26 I really wish they would the initiative In class.
12 When I lost my job I spent several weeks . a) find b) take c) offer
a) vulnerable b) destitute c) on welfare 27 We can talk about you want, OK?
13 They are well-known for their work in the a) whenever b) whichever c) whatever
community. 28 This really isn't_______ I imagined life would be.
a) altruistic b) compassionate c) philanthropic a) where b) when c) how
14 The car______ that stange sound all morning. 29 You can't just rely on to get the correct
a) is making b) has been making answer.
c) will have been making a) intellect b) intuition c) fertile imagination
15 By this evening, h e for more than twelve 30 It was just a decision to study music, nothing
hours. else.
a) has been working b) has worked a) versatile b) tried and tested
c) will have been working c) spur of the moment

RESULT /3 0
I VOCABULARY READING
JOBHUNTING
2 A Read the article and choose the best description.
Add letters to complete the phrases in the The article is
sentences. a) a light-hearted description of the process of job
1 There have been a number of applicants for hunting.
the job but none s_________ o . b) an irreverent observation of the process of job
2 What we're looking for are people who can interviews.
c____________ ideas clearly. c) a serious overview of the challenges facing job
3 One major drawback with this industry is the seekers.
profusion of b___________________ .
4 I'd consider deleting your Facbook account;
your d_______________ f___________________
could put off potential employers.
5 Given the emphasis on online marketing, this
role requires d_______________I________________
to be of the highest level.
6 Wearing the 'wrong' clothing to an interview
can still j_______________________your chances.
7 She's a phenomenal communicator, with some
of the best s s____________ I've seen.
8 I'd appreciate any advice you could give me.
I'm a complete n____________ .
9 I think he'd be an interesting proposition; he's
got a good t__________ r____________ .
10 Remember, when you get into the interview
p u _ your strengths wherever possible.

A N D H O W DID YOU H EA R A B O U T THIS JO B ?

H om e N ew s Reviews Listings A d vice Sign out Register

So, it's the big day. The seemingly interminable hardened interviewee. Perhaps they w on't like some vision beyond the next pay day and
traw l through online ads has come to an th e real me? Perhaps I should have checked demonstrate a realistic understanding o f career
end. Your CV has passed muster, picked from my digital footprint for compromising posts? progression w ithin their industry. W e live
a teetering pile. The cursory email invite But remember, it's not really a question a t all. in an era where people may have multiple,
responded to in just the right manner - a Employers are sometimes looking to see w hat often overlapping careers, differing from the
curious, enthusiastic ye t placatory tone. And motivates you to succeed in your personal traditional 'a job for life' idea, but you should
now? The interview. life, but on the whole, they are just trying to be able to clearly demonstrate your aspirations.

Despite recent attempts to revolutionise the reduce tension. Keep it simple, and wherever Experiences augm ent others, and these will

concept - such as candidates interviewing possible avoid rambling anecdotes. build a more individualised career path.

one another - the job interview has remained Then the real questions begin, 'W h at attracted W hen asked this question, think about which

predominantly unchanged. A formalised rite you to this position?' Shorthand fo r 'Are you opportunities are available. And be honest

o f passage for those embarking on their first sure w hat this job entails, and can you see about how you w ant to approach them.

steps into the world of work. A familiar, albeit yourself doing it fo r the foreseeable future?' Honesty and self-awareness are also key
terrifying, opportunity for reinvention when The key here is be enthusiastic and get fo r th a t classic question 'Can you tell me
changing employer or role. It's perhaps th at specific. Think about an aspect o f the job that about a recent failure?' W hat the employer
sense o f fam iliarity which has kept things genuinely interests you, and be prepared to is seeking here is evidence o f an ability to
consistent. There's no need to change a long- discuss it in detail. Show the interviewer you've learn from lessons, to critically assess and
running form at if everybody knows how things thought things through. Some sage advice is evaluate past experiences. Too often they get
work. But, occasionally, fam iliarity does breed not to describe how th e advertised position is a litany o f woes th a t stray into admissions of
contempt. Clichéd questions can be hard enough exactly w hat you're doing right now only to incompetence. Or, perhaps worse, a sense o f
to answer sincerely once, so w hat do you do then say how much you dislike your current denial. W hile you w ant to appear confident,
when you're on your second or even third job. pretending th a t you've never made mistakes
interview? Well, one option is to think about Next w e get to th e dreaded territory of can damage your chances.
w hat the interviewer really wants to know. career aspirations: 'W here do you see Remember, interviewers aren't looking fo r a
W e've probably all heard the ice-breaker, 'Tell yourself in five years?' For an employer, it's perfect person; they are looking fo r someone
me a little about yourself.' This short phrase all about ascertaining your sense o f drive who fits.
can instil panic in even the most battle- and expectation. They w an t you to show
Read the article again. Are the GRAMMAR mm
statements true (T), false (F) or not
EXPRESSING MODALITY
given (NG)?
1 The writer thinks that the majority
Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
of people would be satisfied if
traditional approaches to job 1 A: Was that Tom I just saw in the lift?
interviews were abandoned. B: No, it shouldn't have/it couldn't have been. He's overseas on
2 The writer believes that having business.
substantial experience of job 2 A: I didn't say I'd have the report finished by tonight!
interviews puts you in a better B: Really? You must/would have forgotten your promise already!
position when you are asked tried 3 A: Do you think it'll take long to employ a new boss?
and tested questions. B: Probably. I could/would guess there'll be a fair number of
3 Even candidates who have applicants.
considerable interview experience A A: I'll phone Andy and ask what he thinks.
may often be concerned by B: You should/had better not ring now. It's far too late.
questions that have a more personal
5 A: Look at that. There's plenty of food in the fridge.
tone.
B: Oh. We mustn't/needn't have ordered pizza. Shall I cancel?
A When asked about oneself, it's
6 A: Aren't you coming to the film then?
useful to draw on detailed personal
B: I'm sorry, I've got loads to do. You should/could go though. You'll
experiences to convey your
character. like it.

5 Employers may often be wary of 7 A: Anyone interesting called?

candidates who compare current B: Let's see. Another sales call.
and prospective jobs. A: I might/must have guessed. We're getting so many these days.
6 Interviewers ask about aspirations to 8 A: Where are they? Are they lost?
ensure that candidates have a clear B: Not sure, they ought to/need to be here by now.
vision of where they could end up
within a business. 4 Complete the article with the phrases in the box. Sometimes more
7 The writer believes that the notion than one answer is possible.
of a long-term career path is a
absolutely essential that being able to be capable of
positive one.
could be that may well supposed to have
8 Interviewers are likely to be will undoubtedly would guess
attracted to candidates who cannot
draw on an example of failure, as
this shows they are weil-adjusted. ••

C Complete the sentences with the

underlined words in the article. Starting a new job is one of those rites of passage that invariably
1 Stories of and fills us with dread. You've overthrown any lingering anxieties,
aced the interview and surpassed yourself in the seemingly
corruption within the firm are rife.
unsympathetic face of HR. Now, it's 1_
It's only time before they're closed
you make it through the first day without causing a diplomatic
down.
incident, or at the least avoiding the mantle of office pariah.
It's not the first time they've had to But wait a minute. Remember that while most new starters are
___________staff numbers with _2___________________________ a modicum of talent, they
temporary consultants. _3___________________________ commit a number of mistakes as
People sometimes assume that this they get to grips with the buzzwords and acronyms that plague
roie is fairly straightforward, but it the modern workplace. You 4____________________________ need
a few days just to decode what marketing mean by all that
_____________ a lot more than you
blue-sky thinking. And 5____________________________ tell your
may think.
SAP from your elbow is a skill that takes time. If you're lucky,
After our first conversation I it6____________________________ your workplace provides a
was furious, but he was more mentoring system. While the cynical may say that you needn't
_____________ the next time we depend upon the guidance of an office elder, remember,
discussed things. they are a vital resource. Under their tutelage you'll soon
It's important to ________ a 7 navigating the pitfalls of open-plan
winning attitude in your staff if you office life, work the coffee machine and keep admin happy. And
that, 18 : , is all that most people want
want them to work effectively.
from a job.
The CEO's speech was a
______________monologue on
inspiration and motivation. Sadly, it
achieved neither.

20
Replace the underlined phrases in the email with
the more formal phrases in the box.
A COVER EMAIL; LEARN TO IMPROVE USE
OF FORMAL LANGUAGE a real asset to consideration
explore my suitability for the position
Complete the cover email with the phrases in the I have been involved in projects similar to
box. I was particularly excited to discover
Please contact me
am accustomed to working under pressure
am dedicated to the profession
has an excellent reputation in C Read the job adverts. Take notes on the job you
has taught me to adapt to want to apply for, and why.
have extensive experience working with
would be grateful for the opportunity to O N LIN E M A R K ETER FO R
INNOVATIVE FASHION STARTUP
£35,000-40,000

To: This is a rare opportunity to take on an exciting role in our

European marketing team. We're seeking enthusiastic and
self-motivated individuals with a head for fashion and a creative
I am writing to apply for the position of content
drive. Work with us to build brand loyalty, and move our strategy
developer advertised on your company website.
onto a range o f digital platforms.
al was really happy to hear about this opening
as lnov88 1___________________________the You will need:
profession. I've also been very impressed with excellent IT skills creativity flexibility
your recent sales campaign and your move Send us your CV and a covering letter to .
towards incorporating consumer-generated
content into your marketing narrative.
I'd like to take this opportunity to draw
attention to relevant aspects of my background: Travel guides required
• Since 2016 bl have done lots of stuff like vours.
GoForth is a leading provider of language services w ithin the
developing online materials in a freelance
tourism sector. W e are currently recruiting bilingual travel
capacity for a range of startups.
guides for a range o f assignments in a number of interesting
• This2_______________________ working to a
and exotic locations. Your primary responsibility will be
tight brief, while offering technical insights.
providing face-to-face interpreting, working alongside our
• 13_______________________ a full range of
local guides. The work is based throughout Asia and South
current coding and design packages.
America, so willingness to travel is a must.
• My art school background provides an
aesthetic understanding of design. Skills:
fluent English plus one other language
As my referees will attest, I excellent communication skills
4_______________________ and to short deadlines
good organisational skills
that are commonplace within the industry. I am
ability to work with a variety of people and ability to
a team player with excellent communication
improvise
skills and a desire to learn. Furthermore, I
5_______________________ and see myself Contact us on ...
working long-term with the right company.
I consider lnov88 to be an ideal working
environment to develop the skills and
D Write a cover email of your own (250 words). Use
strategies which I currently possess. As a
some of the ideas from this unit to help you.
content developer with a vision for blending
functionality and design, I believe I would be ca_
definite plus for your company.
As requested, please find my C V attached.
This includes contact information for three
references, and a link to my online portfolio.
16_______________________ discuss my application
in more detail, and to dchat about how good
I am. eCall me at your convenience, and thank
you for your fcareful thoughts.
VOCABULARY
HONESTY

1 For 1-6, complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and the
word given.
1 I think it's about time that they owned up to the 4 When it came out that her CV was fake, she was
situation before things escalate. CLEAN totally humiliated. FACE
They___________________________the situation Sh e___________________________ the revelation that
before it escalates any further. her CV was fake.
2 He's finally let everyone see how he really feels 5 The documentary went some way to telling things
about things. TRUE exactly as they were. PICTURE
He's__________________________ at last. It ___________________________the circumstances to
3 She was spotted taking the money, so she's bound some extent.
to get fired. RED 6 I don't know why nobody wants to talk about this.
They_________________________ , so I'm sure they'll It's important. OVER
fire her. Why is __________________________ such an
important issue?

LISTENING
2 A Is it popular for students to get work experience where you're from? Note down
some of the reasons why they might do it.

3.1 You are going to hear five short extracts where students talk about their
work experience. Listen and write the reason why they chose the job (A-G) next to the
speaker and question number (1-5). There are two options you don't need.

C Listen again. For questions 6-10 write next to each speaker (1-5) what benefits
(A-G) they got from doing the job. There are two options you don't need.

Match the underlined words and phrases from the recording with the definitions a)-f).
Read the audio script on page 65 to help you.
1 ... 'internship' is often just a euphemism for office a) to stay financially stable
dogsbody. b) having a strong dislike of something
2 I'm not averse to hard work ... c) the leading or most important position or place
3 I need as much as I can just to keep afloat, living d) substituting an offensive word or phrase for
here. something less offensive
4 ... some of the nuances of different working e) a subtle difference in or shade of meaning
cultures. f) occur or come to one's notice unexpectedly
5 ... want to be at the forefront of change.
6 I'd been studying abroad on an exchange when this
cropped up.
iRAMMAR VOCABULARY PLUS
SIVES METAPHORS

Rewrite each sentence in the passive. Do not use the Circle the correct options to complete the text.
underlined words.
• • • <1 ' ir
1 You have to complete a membership form.

2 They don't know what happened to the plane.

3 They expect her to make a full recovery.

4 The photographers take photographs after the RIF,CATI0NIN

event.
m m
5 They stopped playing the match after an hour.

6 It's time the authorities did something about

climate change.

7 Officials have announced that Los Angeles is to host

the next games. One current business trend enjoying an element of success
is the pop-up shop. There have been a whole host of these
sprouting1 in the most unlikely of locations. We've
8 Nobody has heard from the climbers since last
had trendy barbers, cereal cafes and artisan bakeries in
Friday.
places such as abandoned schools or derelict stations. Not
all of them have been able to keep their heads2_ _ _ _ _ _
water, but on the whole, the novel approach to product
For 1-7, complete the second sentence so it has a
and premises has borne3 .There has been one
similar meaning to the first. Use no more than five
particularly4 issue to contend with, though. And
.vords and the word given.
that's gentrification.The young, predominatly well-off
1 It was very easy for someone to steal the money owners of these establishments may well be reaping the
because you left it out. STOLEN 5 of their enterprise, but just how much of their
You left the money out which explains revenue is trickling6 to the communites where
___________________________easily. they've set up shop? Critics would say they are just taking
2 Careful with my laptop! You could break it! HAVE up spaces and places that could better serve the community,
My laptop___________________________- be more and that local residents are being priced out by upmarket
careful! incomers. W hile it's unfeasible to suggest pop-ups plough
3 Journalists have estimated that his transfer is worth 7 hard-earned profits into urban renewal, it could be
at least €80 million to the club. ESTIMATED argued that more could be done to ensure grass-8_ _ _ _ _ _
His transfer___________________________ somewhere support. Hiring a few local people might stem th e 9_ _ _ _ _ _
in the region of €80 million. of criticism. As would occasionally offering something that
4 They regarded him so highly that they forgave his
your neighbours might be interested in purchasing. Call me
occasional outbursts. HELD
a 10 blanket, but I can't really see many people round
here blowing the best part of a day's wage on a burger. Even
H e__________________________ , so they forgave his
if it is hand-ground beef served in a pumpkin seed artisan
occasional outbursts.
brioche. W ithquinoa fries...
5 She was apparently given the wrong information on
the interview date. MISINFORMED
She seems___________________________the interview
date. 1 a) on b) through c) up
6 Your phone needs repairing. NEED 2 a) around b) above c) over
You___________________________ phone repaired. 3 a) fruit b) branch C) leaf
7 We all decided to organise a fundraising event next 4 a) prickly b) thorny C) spiky
March. WOULD 5 a) gains b) prizes C) rewards
It ___________________________all organise a 6 a) through b) down C) along
fundraising event the following March. 7 a) back b) on C) in
8 a) leaves b) green C) roots
9 a) flow b) flood C) stream
10 a) damp b) wet C) moist
VOCABULARY FUNCTION
POLITICAL COLLOCATIONS EVADING A QUESTION

1 A Complete the texts with the 2 À Complete the interview with the phrases in the box.

A: So, Minister, according to the front page of today's papers, you

A
claimed, 'Students get more than their fair share of government
Personally, I’m g ettin g m o re an d m ore
funds.' Would you care to elaborate on that?
d isp irited w ith th e sta te o f th in g s. It’s
ab o u t tim e th a t th is g o v e rn m e n t show ed B: Well, before we begin, I'd like to say1__________________________ . I'm
th a t it’s w illing t o 1______________ for a firm supporter of extending free tuition where possible.
th e rig h ts of p ub lic secto r w orkers. The A: So, can you explain your party's plans to cut bursaries for students
service th a t th e y provide th e c o u n try is from low-income backgrounds?
in valuable, b u t th e y are c o n stan tly b ein g B: W ell,2__________________________ is that there are many reasons for
affected by grow in g w o rk lo ad s a n d pay reassessing the education budget. Especially with regards to tertiary
freezes. So m an y p oliticians say th a t th ey education.
w a n t t o 2. . _________ th e gap b e tw een A: Do you feel that perhaps they are unworthy of your investment?
th e public an d p riv ate sector, b u t th e r e ’s B: Before I answer that,3__________________________ . The state of the
b e e n little change. public finances left by the last government has meant we have to look
across the board at spending decisions.
B A: So, you've not got enough money?
W h at ch an ges w o u ld I like to se e? W ell, B: Listen,4__________________________ with continuing some of the
o u r in fra stru c tu re is lag g in g far b eh in d policies that we inherited. However, we're committed to providing
w h a t y o u ’d ex pect, co m p ared to a lot affordable solutions.
o f o th e r co u n tries. I’d like to see th e A: By reducing education spending and allowing tuition fees to go
g o v e rn m e n t 3______________reso u rces to uncapped?
im proved teleco m m u n icatio n s. Things B: OK,5__________________________ . There are many other countries
m ig h t be good in la rg e r u rb a n areas, where this is happening. We need a more competitive model.
b u t b u sinesses elsew h ere are b e se t w ith
all kinds o f issues. P o o r b ro a d b a n d 8 E l 3.2 Listen and check.
con n ectiv ity je o p a rd ise s an y ch an ce
o f co m p etin g o n a level p laying field.
T hey n e e d t o 4______________a realistic LEARN TO mm
b u d g et, an d invest in fibre o p tic netw o rk s CONTROL THE AGENDA
th ro u g h o u t th e country. You c a n ’t
5_____________ th e d ev elo p m e n t o f a
_
Write responses with the prompts and your own words.
d ig ital econom y if access is restricted .
1 There's really no need for new legislation to address the gender
pay-gap.
C
due / all / with / respect
C an you really tr u s t th e m to ch an g e
an y th in g ? T hey co n sta n tly p ro m ise to
2 As far as I'm concerned, climate change isn't really a key issue,
6_____________ c o rru p tio n a n d
_
th e n you find o u t th a t th ey ’ve b ee n excuse / but / me / interrupting / for
m isap p ro p riatin g fu n d s th em selv es. If
th e y w a n t to resto re p e o p le ’s fa ith in 3 Economic success depends on encouraging big business. Their tax
th e political process, th e y n e ed to be status is unimportant,
m u ch m o re o pen, a n d pro activ e. Take blunt / but / wish / 1/ be / don't / to
ta x evasion, for exam p le. W hy c a n ’t
th e g o v ern m en t j u s t 7______________ 4 Under our government, the homeless have more access to healthcare,
reg u latio n s a n d m ake su re th a t
not / point/surely/but/that's/ the
m u ltin atio n als p ay th e ir fair sh a re ?
W h a t w e really n e e d is a re a l sense of
lead ersh ip . P oliticians sh o u ld be th e ones 5 Students shouldn't expect any more handouts from us.
t o 8______________ policy. saying / what / is / that / so / you're

B Do you agree with any of the views

expressed above? Why/Why not?
VOCABULARY LISTENING
IFLUENCE
2 A Which of the photos do you think represents a good role
model? Why?
Match the sentence halves.
1 While she's not always right, her
opinions tend to carry
2 Try to be a bit more assertive;
I've noticed you give
3 I would prefer it if they didn't try
to influence events
4 If I were you, I'd try not to put
B E 4.1 Listen to a talk about the importance of role models.
her
Complete the sentences with the exact word or short phrase you
5 I find it amazing that so many hear.
people idolise
1 The speaker explains that due to our social nature we often
6 Athletes need to realise that modify behaviour by following peers with little recourse to
they are important role
7 As far as I'm aware, her mother 2 She says that according to
pulled having positive role models is an integral part of childhood
8 Perhaps one way to get on in development.
this industry is to emulate 3 She explains that with repeated emulation and approval, role
modelling can create__________________________ .
9 Looking back, I'd say that my
judo coach was highly 4 In the past, a ___________________________ or
___________________________was often perceived as an
10 As a child she always tended to
inspirational role model.
be swayed
5 Research indicates that there is a benefit to observing
11 Her father was a talented
as well as others who are more
musician, so she wanted to
inspirational.
follow
6 We may be drawn to contrast rather than compare our
12 He's overcome a number of early
behaviour with others when we are strongly affected by the
setbacks and become an

a) from behind the scenes. I'd 7 Recent studies show that benefits
rather succeed or fait on my own from having role models in close proximity.
terms. 8 According to neurobiologists, the learning triggered
b) a lot of strings to get her the by mirror neurons aids___________________________ or
internship at the gallery.
c) by the views of her older
siblings. C Match the underlined words and phrases from the recording
with the definitions a)—f). Read the audio script on page 66 to
d) the best - if you aim high, you
help you.
should achieve your goals.
1 ... subscribing to similar mindsets is a fundamental part of our
e) inspiration to urban youth.
everyday lives.
f) models and ensure that they 2 In their most nascent form, role models are our parents and
behave accordingly. close family.
g) on a pedestal. She's got her 3 ... online media thrives on the fascination for constant updates
failings, just like anyone else. of celebrity achievement...
h) influential in terms of shaping According to cutting-edge neurobiological studies ...
my approach to self-discipline. Then doping scandals toppled our idols and tarnished both
i) way to some of the more reputations and medals.
outspoken students in class. ... having role models who are within your close environment
j) a lot of weight with me. may be more efficacious than those held in high regard ...
k) celebrities who don't seem to a) coming into existence or beginning to display signs of future
have much going for them. potential
I) in his footsteps. b) ruin, make less valued or respected
c) innovative, leading the way
d) successful in producing a desired or intended result
e) expressing or agreeing with a proposal or idea
f) grow stronger, prosper or gain from
GRAMMAR VOCABULARY PLUS
PARTICIPLE CLAUSES THREE-PART MULTI-WORD VERBS

Underline the correct alternatives. In two cases both Complete the text with the correct prepositions.
alternatives are correct. There comes a point in most people's lives when
1Injured/Having been injured at a relatively early stage they need to face 1 to the fact that they may
in his playing career, Brian Clough went on to become never win an Olympic medal, write a New York Times
one of the most influential figures in European bestseller, or appear on Broadway. Yet while some
football. zHaving had/Having his opportunities for glory achievements may spectacularly fail to live u p 2______
on the field cut short, he was tireless in his pursuit as expectations, it is important that we set ourselves
a coach and manager. ^Confronted/Confronting with any goals and acknowledge that coming u p 3______
injustice committed by club owners, he would support adversity is all part of the process. According to
his playing staff principles like no one else. And this psychologists, too often people back4 of
ensured that his teams were loyal and committed. challenging situations instead of committing to
Clough was also a strong disciplinarian and with a effort. It's worth considering how this impacts on the
few cutting words could have a grown man 4shaken/ people around you. Evidently, while children often
shaking with fear. But overall, he was a dreamer and a seem to look u p 5 sportstars and celebrities
doer who disregarded conventions, 5determined/having as role models, they are more likely to find a close
determined to achieve whatever he set out to do. relative or family member to be a compelling source of
As manager at Nottingham Forest in the late 1970s, inspiration. While many of us might not feel6 to
Clough was 6obsessed/obsessing with showing the being put on a pedestal, we should try to take time to
world that a small club could contend on the greatest ascertain what others g e t7 of watching us try to
stage. In 1979, he had his chance.7Having beaten/ fulfil our goals. Next time you fall short of your aims,
Beating more experienced rivals on the way, his team try to hold 8 on being overtly critical of yourself.
played in the prestigious European Cup Final - and If you can, come u p 9 a way of reframing your
won. sConsidered/Considering how difficult it was to failure as part of the learning process. This positive
retain a European title, many thought that victory was spin is a worthwhile lesson to pass on to anyone, which
a one-off. Yet a year later, Clough triumphed again. more than makes up 10 not achieving quite what
you wanted. You'll become the kind of person that
Rewrite the sentences using a participle clause. people want to emulate, and a better role model for
1 The fans roared and cheered as they celebrated her that.
victory.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of a
2 She acquired the family business as a teenager, so muti-word verb from Exercise 5.
was reluctant to sell. 1 If you're not keen on the training course, it's still not
too late t o ___________________________ going.
3 They were reprimanded by the authorities, then 2 I can't believe h e ___________________________that
asked to leave the country. singer - he's not exactly a positive role model.
3 They did everything they could to
4 When I considered all the options, I decided not to __________________________ attending the meeting,
apply for the job. but in the end they had to make an appearance.
4 His older brother graduated with a first from Oxford,
so he's got a lot to _________ .
5 They realised that there was nobody in, so they left
a message with a neighbour. 5 They__________________________ a number of
complaints from local residents during the planning
process.
6 If you look after it carefully, this watch could last you
6 I ___________________________ an ingenious plan of
a lifetime.
how to pass the test without doing much revision.
7 Sorry, we don't really__________________________
7 The portrait, which was painted sixty years ago,
doing much this weekend. Can we reschedule our
depicts my grandmother.
meeting?
8 It's about time that you__________________________
8 Kate and Max had a huge argument and then left
the fact that nobody is going to do the work for you.
without saying anything.
9 I realise it's important, but can we
___________ making a decision until
later?
10 What a beautiful evening. It certainly
__________________________ the lousy weather this
afternoon.
VOCABULARY Machines making the media
SOCIAL MEDIA
ast week, we asked read ers to co m m en t o n som e of th e key issues
Underline the correct alternative to actively affecting th e fo u rth estate. Digital jo u rn alism is undergoing
a h uge tran sfo rm atio n - from th e econom ics of online distribution to
complete the sentences.
far-ranging questions over editorial im partiality. Fake new s, p o st-truths
1 When you log on to an aggregated a n d c o n te n t as click-bait are all co n cern s th a t o u r read ers have w ith
newsfeed, you can tell that a certain established new s outlets. On top of this/voices of disco n tent seem to
amount of trolling/filtering is going on, be clam o u rin g w hen it com es to th e bu rg eo n in g influence of citizen
as some events just don't get sufficient jo u rn alists an d bloggers o n m ain stream m edia titles. H ere's a snap sh o t
coverage. of yo u r opinions:

2 A great number of chat rooms are

perceived by the mainstream media
as being algorithms/echo chambers for
Alexa, San Francisco
increasingly extreme viewpoints.
he m ost disconcerting aspect
3 Self-selecting discussion groups make
it easier to have your views reinforced/ T for m e h a s to be th e am o u n t
of tru s t th a t read ers place in
faked by like-minded individuals. new s feeds from social m edia. It's
4 The list of most popular stories is w orry in g th a t anyone w ould begin
generated by an algorithm/screenshot, to contem plate th ese as a n oracle
so you can't really expect it to reflect of th e tr u th to begin w ith, b u t
w h en I started to analyse retw eets
anything like an objective news
and prom oted co n ten t, I w as
agenda. ag h ast. You c a n n o t und erestim ate
5 One of the biggest dangers in this th e p o ten tial d am age th a t blind
post-truth/fake era is that any voice of obedience to an alg o rith m is going
dissent can easily be disregarded as to w reak. Artificial Intelligence
lacking credibility. c o n stan tly gets o u tsm a rte d by h oaxers a n d those w ith insalubrious
agendas. B ut to blam e th e technology o u trig h t seem s a bit infantile.
6 Moderators frequently accuse critics of People really need to learn to ev alu ate c o n te n t b etter - a n d to cross
hacking/trolling, which is often enough reference stories. A bit of ru d im en tary fact-checking is essential w hen
to ensure that they are removed from a reading an y content.
discussion entirely.

Paul, Rome
’ve h e ard th e arg u m en ts th a t read ers are becom ing overw helm ed
Read the blog post about the role of
algorithms and technology in the media.
I by th e h u g e q u an tities of info rm atio n a n d m isinform ation w ashing
a ro u n d social m edia, b u t I’m n o t w on over. T here are products o u t there
Do you agree with any of the views w here you can quite rigorously set yo u r ow n filters, an d personalise
given? new s so it’s relev an t to you. Now, in principle th a t sounds like a good
thing, as I could avoid scrolling th ro u g h screeds of lu rid stories ab o u t
z-grade celebs. B ut w o n ’t I ju st end u p in som e c o n te n t rich echo
Which person gives each of these
ch am b er? I th in k diversity of new s sources is im p o rtan t. T here m ight be
opinions about technology and media? a story th a t piques my interest, w hich I w o u ld n 't have necessarily been
1 Current trends towards filtered news im m ediately d raw n to. I’d h a te to th in k th a t I w as actively lim iting my
are worrying. horizons as a co n su m er of new s.

2 It's too simplistic to be unquestionably

critical of technology in the media.
3 Much current online media content is
Sarah, Melbourne
frivolous.
h, w e all h a te algorithm s,
4 Technology is important in terms of
generating content, as well as selecting
O right? It's those m endacious
m ach in es try in g to overpow er o u r
it. free press a n d prom ote p o st-tru th s.
5 Believing that social media is a W ouldn't th e world of jo u rn alism
trustworthy source of news is be b etter w ith o u t technology?
Er, no. I th in k a n u m b e r of your
misguided.
read ers w ould be in trig u ed to
6 Being exposed to a broad range of lea rn ju s t ho w m u ch of th e online
narratives and perspectives is vital. c o n te n t th a t they read h a s been
7 Traditional journalism and technology w ritte n by a n algorithm . They
can coexist to the benefit of the former. a re n ’t ju s t cu ra tin g c o n te n t from blogs an d m edia backw aters. They are
w ritin g th e stuff, too. A nd I for one th in k th a t’s laudable. More outlets
8 The best way to address fake news is to
are u sin g algorithm s to w rite rep o rts w ith predictable form ulae, and
become a more critical reader. th a t frees up ‘rea l’ jo u rn alists to do som ething a bit m ore investigative.
GRAMMAR WRITING
INTRODUCTORY IT AND THERE A REPORT; LEARN TO USE USEFUL PHRASES

3 Underline the correct alternative to complete the 5 A Read the email request for reports. Then make
sentences. two columns in a notebook. Put the ideas for positive
1 It's/There's a lot to be said for getting someone to and negative effects in the box below under each
pull a few strings now and again. heading.
2 It's/There's generally believed that you're more likely
To .............. Frorn_,__________________ I
to be successful if you've had positive role models
from an early age. In line with a change of policy, the college is proposing
1 a stop in supplying print newspapers in the student
3 Do you think it's/there's any chance that there could
' common room. Any students wishing to read news stories
have been some kind of mistake?
can do so online. Please write a report about the positive
A It/There pains me to say it, but I'm not convinced of
and negative effects of this proposal to the governing
his innocence at all.
council, which supervises student life on campus. Include
5 It/There appears to be a lot of confusion on social recommendations as to how to minimise any negative
media regarding the authenticity of early reports. effects. We need about 280-320 words.
6 It’s/There's a pity you didn't get here sooner - I'm
sure he would have loved to have met you.
7 It’s/There's no coincidence that so few graduates are Positive effects Negative effects
applying to become teachers.
advertising environmental impact
8 It/There must be some reason why you've been
breadth of titles/ diversity of perspectives
avoiding me lately.
issues with access
9 It's/There's a mistake to think we've seen the last of
impact on opportunity to discuss articles socially
fake news in politics.
questions over accuracy of content
10 It's/There's shocking how little was known about the regularity of updates
issue online. immediate access to forums/blogs related to content

4 For 1-8, complete the second sentence so it has a

similar meaning to the first. Use the words given. B Add any more ideas of your own for positive/
negative effects.
1 Everyone knows the website is full of fake news,
common / knowledge
C Write your report on the college's proposal. Include
an introduction, the negative effects of the proposal,
2 It looks like there's been an accident up ahead, the positive effects and a conclusion.
there/seem

3 There'll be a huge controversy when the story gets

out.
there/sure

A The choice of film is entirely yours,

it/up/w atch

5 I only just realised what she meant,

it/ dawned

6 You should have been at the show - you would have

loved it.
it/p ity/ missed

7 People are optimistic that the conflict is coming to

an end.
it / hoped

8 We shouldn't discuss the matter again,

there / little / point
B K
VOCABULARY FUNCTION
PERSUASION PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES IN
PRESENTATIONS
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
A Read the extract below left from a presentation
compelling credible earnest genuine about advertising. Match the underlined examples with
persuasive pertinent pushy succinct the persuasive techniques a)-f).
1 While their argument is in parts, a) direct speech d) repetition
I need a bit more evidence until I'm thoroughly b) simile or metaphor e) rhetorical question
convinced. c) negative inversion f) the rule of 3
She made a really_____________ speech which
resulted in the council offering renewed support B Put the words in the correct order to make
for the project. sentences.
Although he made_____________ assurances that 1 only / is / the car / not / economical / stylish / it's / too
things would change, sadly little has improved. (negative inversion)
In a brief and_____________ manner I let everyone
know exactly what I thought of their ideas. 2 wouldn't / who / deal / want / a / that / like?
Given his ties with the car industry, I'm not sure (rhetorical question)
any of his views on the environmental impact of
diesel engines are th at_____________ .
3 pressure / under / cool / stay / collected / and / calm
If you can't say anything_____________ , then
(the rule of 3)
there's little point you being involved in the
discussion.
4 successful / need / work/ to / be / you / harder/ play/
He seemed quite when we met, but
to/hard/and
I've heard a lot to make me question whether I
should trust him. (repetition)
One thing I can't stand is ______________parents
who seem to live vicariously through their kids. 5 'love/ team /b eing/w e/ part/join/ th e /o f/u s'
(direct speech)

new save edit 6 d og / w o rld /d o g /e a t/h e re/It's/a

(metaphor)
At its inception, the advertising industry tended
to follow established sets of rules - Choice, cost
and consumer benefit were key to an effective
C E 4.2 Listen and check.
campaign. The range of products was limited, and
therefore relatively easy to manage. 2No longer is
that model sufficient when it comes to selling to
time-poor, choice-rich consumers. Over the last two LEARN TO
decades, the advertising industry has undergone
USE ADJECTIVE ALLITERATION
substantial changes. Brands are now seeking more
novel ways to capture the public's consciousness.
30nline advertising is a creative's playground, where 3 A Complete the sentences with the missing word.
opportunities to explore the medium are seemingly 1 Despite the obvious pressures, he's a great presenter;
boundless.The goal is to maximise coverage, while he's self-confident, successful and
minimising cost. 4Ifyou hit the right balance, you s_______________t.
can win over a whole new customer-base. If you 2 I found him generous and g____________e although a
hit the headlines, you can go qlobalin a matter little juvenile in character.
HK
of minutes. Ask most advertising teams howto
3 She's incredibly patient and pertinent without being
create a successful campaign, and they will usually
overly p___________________ e. That's a good thing.
respond 5'Make it memorable.' In the last few years,
online advertisements have come into their own as
! 4 I liked what they had to say; they were confident,
a creative medium. Often a successful advert will be c___________________ g and concise.
liked and retweeted more than news stories, and the 5 The information we received was both critical and
form has become almost an artin and of itself. 6So, c______________ e.
who tends to respond to these ads? Market-based 6 I'm not overly fond of your boss; he's proud,
»
research shows that 16-25 year-olds are the most p y and pompous.
likely to refer social media friends to viral marketing 7 What a lovely old bloke - articulate, urbane and
campaigns. But there is also evidence that high- e t.
impact campaigns, such as extended ads that blend
extreme sports footage with product placement, B E 4.3 Listen and check.
are popular too.
n
R2 REVIEW 2: UNITS 3-4

GRAMMAR EX PR ESSIN G MODALITY GRAMMAR PASSIVES

1 Underline the correct alternatives. For 1-10, complete the second sentence so it has a
1 Being able at/to multitask is so important in the similar meaning to the first. Use no more than five
modern workplace. words and the correct form of the word given.
2 It's an absolute/absolutely essential that they take 1 We decided to try applying for the grant again
the time to find the right person. next year.
3 It could/would be that we see some big changes WOULD
round here pretty soon. It ___________________________ apply for funding the
A When you get there, they may/shall well ask you for following year.
some ID. 2 Apparently the money was taken by an employee.
5 I should/would guess that you've never eaten it APPEARS
before, have you? The money__________________________ by someone
6 You needn't/wouldn't have brought me flowers, who works there.
thank you. 3 Your laptop needs updating.
7 He can’t/mustn’t have forgotten our arrangement. NEED
We said be here at seven. You _ _ _ _____________ updated.
8 Come on, we're supposed/supposing to have left half A Experts have estimated that the fund is worth at
an hour ago. least £5 million.
9 Do you think that she'll be capable at/of speaking ESTIMATED
to us? The fund somewhere in
10 This discovery shall/will undoubtedly change the the region of £5 million.
way we think about our ancestors. 5 I don't have anything else to add to this discussion.
SAID
VOCABULARY R E V IE W I There's nothing___________________________the
matter.
Match the sentence halves. 6 Careful with your phone. It could get stolen.
1 I'm surprised she didn't get offered the job, as her HAVE
track Your phone__________________________ - be more
2 If you want to win the electorate's trust back, you careful!
must come 7 I hope that they don't want to film the interview this
3 I had hoped that this government would shape time.
A It's really important that you remember to play WONT
5 It'll take a long time to bridge the I'm hoping the interview__________________________
on this occasion.
6 Did you hear what happened? She was caught red-
7 There's a meeting next week where they allocate 8 Rumour has it the couple are planning a divorce.

8 It's about time that someone tackled THOUGHT

9 The fact that she speaks several languages is a The couple__________________________ planning a
divorce.
strong
9 Their team beat ours in the semi-finals.
10 It was all rather embarrassing. He lost
GOT
a) corruption in that country. It's a disgrace.
W e ___________________________them in the semi
b) resources to local councils. finals.
c) gap, although attitudes to gender pay isssues are 10 We have agreed to talk things through next week.
changing.
WILL
d) to your strengths during interviews.
It has___________________________discuss the matter
e) handed taking money from the till. later.
f) policy in a more progressive fashion.
g) face when news of his company's situation came
out.
h) record in the industry is better than most.
i) clean about what you did wrong.
j) selling point for potential employers.
SCABULARY PLUS M ETAPHORS VOCABULARY R E V IEW 2

. ~derline the correct alternatives. 6 Complete the text with the words in the box.
1 Although he's not a great statesman, he has
compelling credible fake news genuine
ncredible grass branch/roots support.
idolise persuasive trolling unbiased
2 She's been blossoming/reaping the rewards of a
successful TV debut. These days I need a fairly1_____________ reason to
3 Don't mention work. It's a bit of a thorny/spiky issue look at a newspaper - online or offline. It's a pretty
at the moment. sad state of affairs, but when there's a proliferation
a ~here are so many new businesses sprouting out/up o f 2_____________ clouding the picture it's pretty
n the neighbourhood. hard to put your faith in the fourth estate. However,
5 Ve sat in the kitchen and he flooded/poured out all as rolling news has become more ubiquitous, the
his sorrows. need for material o f3_____________ importance has
6 You really need to branch/leaf out a bit more and been displaced by the need for content. In the past,
see other people. a journalist would take time to build a narrative,
7 My protests were drowned out/in by their raucous offer context, draw on a range of perspectives and
laughter. sources. You can't write a u_____________ piece, that'll
genuinely engage readers, without it. My view is that
8 There's been a lot of compromise. We had to water
now it's a less5_____________ industry, especially as
down/pour out our ideas.
fact-checking seems to have gone out of the window.
And it's increasingly difficult to find an 6_____________
r JNCTION EVADING A Q U ESTIO N and impartial editorial view. Another issue I have
is that a lot of the press seem to 7_____________
5 Complete the answers to the questions with the celebrities these days and it sends out an odd message
phrases in the box. because few of them are particularly wholesome
role models. And online, well, just look at some of
add to what I was saying brought that up th e 8_____________ that goes on in below-the-llne
needs addressing put it into perspective comments. Articles are just a platform for people to
saying is there's a problem take into account spout bile.
taken out of context

A: Is it true that you claimed people should continue GRAMMAR PARTICIPLE CLA USES
working until seventy-five?
B: Well, before I start, that quote was Rewrite the sentences, beginning with a participle
clause.
2 A: But you do feel that the ageing workforce is an 1 Sarah left work early because she didn't feel well.
issue for concern?
B: It's definitely a point that 2 He had acquired a large sum of money through his
___________________________ by society in general. own hard work, so was reluctant to pay tax on it.
3 A: Would you say your government has done
enough about it? 3 Because she had started on the project, Ella was
B: Listen, all I'm __________________________ that we determined to complete it.
all need to resolve.
4 A: Why is the issue so pressing now, though? What's A As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing
gone wrong? about his recent article.
B: Well, you need t o __________________________
demographics, the business view ...
5 As I haven't seen the film, I'm reticent to make a
5 A: So, have these demands been made by business judgement.
leaders?
B: Well, I'm glad you__________________________ .
6 The manager was impressed by Isa's work, so he
There have been lots of supportive voices.
extended her contract for a further six months.
6 A: Are they putting pressure on you to change
current policy?
7 She's a trained physiotherapist. She knows what
B: If I could__________________________ , they are
effects that kind of exercise could have.
offering lots of good advice ...
7 A: Don't you think this will be deeply unpopular with
8 I don't speak Italian. I found life in Rome
the electorate?
problematic.
B: Well, let m e___________________________- there
are other places where this happens.
REV IEW 2: UNITS 3-4

VOCABULARY PLUS GRAMMAR INTRODUCTORY IT AN D TH ERE

THREE-PART MULTI-WORD VERBS
Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
8 Complete 1-12 with a preposition to make 1 It's a number of reasons how people doubt the authenticity
a multi-word verb. of the story.
A Of course, you do have concerns when
your kids start exploring the web on 2 It's harm in thinking things through.
their own, but it's important to face
1 to the fact that if you want 3 There's a mistake to make quick judgements aboutpeople.
them to be safe and effective online,
they'll eventually have to come2______
A It's somewhere to say for considering different perspectives.
with their own strategies. Trust plays
an enormous role. I give them a certain
amount of latitude and they promise 5 There's not a coincidental that he began criticising the press
not to get caught u p 3 anything when they attacked him.
dodgy. It's not that I'm laid back, but I
think the best way to show influence is 6 There's pity at your brother wasn't able to attendtheparty.
to give them a sense of responsibility.
Nine times out often it works. If they 7 There's you I has thanks for first introducing us.
come * against anything they are
unsure of, they'll talk it over with me. I
8 There worry me to seeing you like this.
prefer that than having to censor stuff.

I initially got into blogging when I was at

university. Without an editorial filter, you
don't need to hold 5 on criticism. FUNCTION PERSU ASIVE T E C H N IQ U ES IN PRESENTATIONS
Although you have to make sure it's not
libellous, obviously. I think it's important 10 Match the statements 1-6 with the persuasive techniques
that people do engage with politics in a)-f).
a more constructive and critical way. I'd
1 Don't miss hilarious comedian Jim Robbins at The Plaza: he's
like it if people could look6 to
big, bold and brilliant!
politicians again. Faith has been rocked
2 Never have I seen such a successful team.
a bit by scandals, and post-truth spin,
3 The ballet dancer seemed to float across the stage, as light as a
but most people who get into politics
feather.
actually do care. When you're in the
public eye, there's a lot to live u p 7______ A What could be more difficult than that?
- but the challenge is worth it. I'm 5 We spoke to our customers and they said, 'Give us more choice.'
running for election this year. I suppose 6 This kind of product will be bought by every man, every woman,
if I fail, I'll have my writing career to fall every child.
back8______ .
a) direct speech
I really have no idea what people get b) simile or metaphor
o u t9 doing this kind of thing day c) negative inversion
in, day out. I'm only taking part because
d) repetition
my flatmate asked me, and I can't
e) rhetorical question
really back o u t10_______ it now. I don't
f) the rule of 3
particularly fee l11 to swimming
in the river at the best of times, so why
a gloomy November morning would
appeal, I don't know. I suppose it is for
a good cause, though. Once we're done
here, I'm straight off for lunch with
friends. Some hearty food and chat
should make 12 for this nonsense.

i n
REVIEW 2: UNITS 3-4 R2

le the correct option to complete the sentences.

1 If you want to get noticed, you have to your 16 There's often someone diligently behind the
soft skills. scenes.
a) stand out b) play up c) convey a) pulling b) swaying c) working
2 Late again! I guessed there'd be a problem. 17 She's an amazing _ _ _ _ _ for disadvantaged kids.
a) would have b) should have c) could have She does loads of charity work.
3 I think you interfere as you know nothing a) idol b) role model c) celebrity
about the issue. 18 ______ carefully, bonsai trees can last for years.
a) ought not to b) ought to c) ought a) Looking after b) Looked after c) Look after
4 She get the job after all. Let's just wait and 19 the kids were sent to bed.
see. a) Kicked and screaming b) Kicking and screaming
a) may well b) will undoubtedly c) might be able c) Kicking and scream
5 It's time that they about what they've been 20 He's not really the kind of person that you'd look
up to. to.
a) lost face b) came clean c) showed true colours a) out b) on c) up
6 I suspect you might have your role in their 21 It amazes me what you get out doing
success. extreme sports.
a) given an accurate picture b) glossed over a) of b) on c) from
c) overstated 22 Don't back_______ of our plans now, please.
7 The milk gone. Did you drink it all? a) in b) out c) up
a) appeared to have been b) appears to have 23 Guess what? Someone my email account.
c) appears a) hacked b) faked c) trolled
8 Sorry, there is nothing more_______ about the 24 They've been accused o f stories they
matter. disagree with.
a) said b) being said c) to be said a) filtering b) censoring c) reinforcing
9 Don't be such a blanket! Come to the party. 25 seems like only yesterday we were in
a) flood b) water c) wet Moscow.
10 The council are hoping to plough a lot of a) It b) There c) It's
money into the community. 26 something to be said about homemade
a) back b) in c) out bread.
11 People are insisting they do something to ______ a) There b) There's c) It's
unemployment. 27 He gave a _______ and truly dramatic performance.
a) promote b) tackle c) shape It was mesmerising.
12 They could do more t o the gap between rich a) credible b) pertinent c) compelling
and poor. 28 Well, I believe her. She's in what she says.
a) enforce b) set c) bridge a) earnest b) pushy c) succinct
13 H e have answered by now. I wonder where 29 have you listened to me!
he is. a) Never once b) Not once c) Not ever
a) couldn't b) ought c) should 30 If you fancy a change, these are cheap as .
14 Her quote was completely taken context. a) chips b) fries c) potatoes
a) into b) out of c) out from
15 That's an important issue that you've brought
RESULT /3 0
for the agenda.
a) on b) out c) up

m i
L:*
LISTENING GRAMMAR

5 1 A Which of the following do you think has the

biggest impact on your general health? Why?
diet exercise genetics stress
N O U N PHRASES

Complete the noun phrases using the correct form

of the words in brackets and add any words where
necessary.
B 0 5.1 Listen to part of a discussion
1 The film is (late / series / adaptations / Marvel
between two researchers talking about
studios).
theories of what makes a body healthy. For
00 questions 1-5, choose the best answer a), b),

O c) or d) according to what you hear. 2 I took part in (organise / class / focus / high impact /
calorie / burn / exercise).
1 What point does Charlotte de Witte make

O
about general understanding of the
microbiome? 3 He thinks it is a (rapid / change / market / offer /
a) The importance of genetics is overstated. potential/ massive/ sales).
b) The definition of the concept has been
oversimplified. 4 This book is ideal for anyone (try / be / better /
c) It isn't as detailed as researchers would organise / and / seek / long-term / success).
like.
d) It requires increased Investment before it 5 (Ground / break / experiment / research / conduct /
will offer any answers. Europe) proved the theory.
2 When discussing the Human Microbiome
Project, Luke Slater reveals 6 She gave (series / talks / environment / protect /
a) his displeasure that the media had little relevant /general public).
-.i interest in its findings.
b) his frustration that its successes had only
Rewrite the sentences using a suitable noun phrase to
a momentary impact.
replace the underlined phrase.
c) his doubt that anyone will be interested
in it long-term. 1 Theirs is an industry whose importance is increasing.
d) his enthusiasm for the scope and breadth
of resulting research. 2 She works for an organisation which is international
3 What view is stated about emergent but little known.
technology In the field?
a) It is only useful when It has a defined role. 3 To cook it really well, use one cup of rice to two cups
b) It tends to fall on a regular basis. of water in that ratio.
c) It provides ongoing detailed insights into
investigation. 4 I'd rather not go to classes that are organised - they
d) It has a theoretical use but little else. don't suit the plans which I have for the long-term.
4 When discussing promoting microbiome
health, both researchers agree that 5 His speeches are brilliant, but he often has opinions
a) the public response is often depressing. that are frustrating because they are ambiguous.
b) people are well aware of the issues
surrounding it. 6 Try to avoid products with sugars that are added, or
c) there is a need to fight public salt contents that are high.
preconceptions.
d) interest is generally higher among those 7 I find that foodie forums online are one of the ways
who exercise regularly. of learning about recipes that is best.
5 What final conclusion do the researchers
reach about diet? 8 Most of the issues that people in the article
a) Minimal changes to diet could positively mentioned were completely irrelevant.
affect the microbiome.
b) Poor diet directly causes autoimmune 9 Their fashion campaign which happened recently
and allergic diseases. attracted criticism by members of the public.
c) The more fat you have, the more bacteria
exist in your gut. 10 Having read your proposal, I think that's a solution
d) The most successful and healthy diets are which is practical and has a low impact on cost.
voluntary.
VOCABULARY PLUS
/(.LOCATIONS COMPOUNDS

Hatch words from boxes A and B to make Circle the correct options to compete the text.
collocations to complete the sentences.
• • i<
Js e the correct form.
Fashions, fads, proverbial may respond, ‘Who cares?’,
flashes in the pan. It seems but the psychology of fads is
achieve deliver (x2) discuss that every household across an interesting area of human
enhance (x2) trigger (x2) sustain (x2) the country is, at some point or behaviour. Studies by
another, destined to be littered 7 powered economists
B with the discarded remnants of have revealed that when we are
a host of benefits a memory somewhat tacky and 1______ faced with a situation where
cost possessions that once there is limited choice regarding
an aspect of appearance capacity
signalled today’s biggest trends. the best product, we tend to
interest in long-term motivation
2______ suffering parents might look at the behaviour of others
rapid weight gain success and imitate them. Going it
be inclined to nostalgically muse
tangible results over the baffling, now broken, alone is considered a 8______
3______ tech gadgets which once risk strategy, so we feel more
1 A combination of a lack of exercise comfortable copying the fashions
occupied hours of their children’s
and poor diet was sufficient to time. Yo-yos, fidget-spinners, and fads around us. When one
_________________________________ in loom bands - all4______ influential child in the playground
the control group. profile pastimes that have now takes up a new fad, then his or
2 The renovation of the lost their lustre. No doubt to her peers will follow suit. And so
concert hall was intended to be replaced by a similar and the herding mentality protects
_________________________________ to annoyingly5 maintenance from social embarrassment and
gimmick which is now all the reinforces the importance of
accommodate bigger events.
rage. Over the years, I’ve been inclusion. When I asked my ten-
3 Looking at the photographs suddenly year-old daughter for her take on
faced with numerous requests
_________________________________ of things, she was slightly less
for these kinds of toys, and often
long-forgotten childhood holidays. 9 winded. ‘Why? Why not?
wondered, sometimes out loud,
A There are serious questions being why they hold such appeal. We all like them. It’s just... fun.’
asked about whether the policy will A6 tempered parent And so fads, it would seem are
ever________________________________ here for the 10 haul.
promised to the electorate.
5 A gluten-free diet is supposed to 1 a) high b) low c) long
2 a) long b) high c) low
to anyone who has experienced food
3 a) short b) long c) low
intolerances.
A a) high b) low c) short
6 My problem is that I'm so capricious.
5 a) high b) long c) low
I can barely_________________________
one activity before growing tired of it. 6 a) high b) low c) short
Could w e ____________________________ 7 a) high b) long c) low
your study which I disagree with? 8 a) short b) long c) high
Your findings on weight loss seem 9 a) low b) long c) short
inconclusive. 10 a) high b) short c) long
It's doubtful that she'll
6 Underline the correct alternative to complete the compounds.
to continue with her training after 1 This week sees the release of the lo n g /s h o rt awaited sequel to
the marathon. Her results aren't 1982's sci-fi classic.
satisfactory. 2 According to the lo n g /s h o rt range forecast, tomorrow's weather
__________________________________by should be good.
using subtle skin tones and creams to 3 Although fans had been expecting great things for the final date
help you stay hydrated. of the tour, the concert was a rather h ig h /lo w key affair.
10 Of the people I spoke to, none A She'll be off work for the rest of the week, but it's nothing too
__________________________________by serious - just a h ig h /lo w grade fever.
dieting alone. Most had also followed a 5 We've been incredibly lo n g /s h o rt staffed this week. Unfortunately,
strict exercise regime. we've not been able to process your order.
6 It's not the kind of place where I'd usually shop. It's quite a h ig h /
low end boutique, and the extortionate prices match.
7 We're trying to limit the number of lo n g /s h o rt haul flights we do
in a year. We find them thoroughly exhausting.
VOCABULARY READING
FASHION AND LOOKS
Read the article. Are the statements below true (T) or false (F) according to
the writer?
Match the sentence halves.
1 Despite the technical ••
challenges and inclement
weather, the fashion Me,
2 I really wouldn't wear shoes
like that-they went
There is one ubiquitous feature of social
3 He wasn't the most attractive media that seems to truly stand the test of
actor, but his incredibly time, a form that lasts longer than other
4 Try as I might, I can't feel that fads, memes and fleeting crazes. It is, of
sorry for fashion course, the selfie. A recent study revealed
5 I would definitely agree that that around 90 percent of women's profile
the industry as a whole is pictures, and 54 percent of men's, make use
responsible for distorting of a selfie. So, what does our propensity for
6 While she's interested in pout-mouthed portraiture say about how
dressing well, I wouldn't say we want to be regarded? And what do these
that she images convey to others?
7 Now that the kids have gone Research has provided some fascinating perspectives on identity and perception.
to school, they're becoming Evidently, when asked to assess a series of images in terms of how photogenic they
more fashion are, adherents of selfie culture tend to view pictures that they have taken themselves
8 Single-breasted suits are a as more attractive than images of them captured by others. Conversely, when the
classic cut; it won't be long same group was asked to evaluate a disparate collection of online images, they
until they are back showed bias against selfies.Test subjects tended to rate people depicted in selfies as
9 Would you look at that less trustworthy or socially attractive than those in standard photography. Research
magazine cover! There's no also indicated that while nearly 80 percent of people surveyed regularly took selfies,
way that image 82 percent would prefer fewer such images on social media. It would appear that we
10 I always thought that he was love to take selfies but hate to see selfies that others take!
in his 30s, but looks can be Psychologists have postulated that this occurs due to our cultural understanding of
what a selfie means. For the individual, the image is a genuine act of self-expression
a) hasn't been retouched.
while other people's selfies signify self-advertising or narcissism.This is known as
Nobody has skin like that!
a self-serving bias, a cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need
b) society's view of what a to maintain and enhance self-esteem. As we allow this bias to affect us, we show a
beautiful woman is. tendency to perceive ourselves in an overly favourable manner-and in doing so
c) conscious and there are critique others.
certain brands that they
Interestingly though, there are patterns to our online behaviour that show while we
avoid like the plague.
may wish to be perceived as an individual, we do follow fashions when it comes to
d) out of fashion years ago. taking selfies and the majority of us choose to be depicted in very similar ways.
e) photogenic features made
On the whole, men tend to photograph themselves from below, giving their jaw
him a regular in the fashion
greater prominence, a feature conventionally associated with power or masculinity.
pages of the day.
Women's profile selfies are usually photographed from slightly above the eyellne.
f) in fashion, and showing up on This affects the viewer's perception of head to body proportions - making the person
the catwalk. depicted seem to weigh less. So, while we might think that we are are curating our
g) deceiving. It's possible that own image on our terms, in reality, we tend to play out age-old gender stereotypes.
he's much older than that.
h) particularly follows the latest
fashions.
1 The selfie is a transitory craze which will eventually become outmoded.
i) shoot took place in February
2 People have the same perception of selfie images of themselves as of others.
to ensure the photographer
had the best light. 3 Surveys into attitudes about selfies provide a compelling insight into
human behaviour.
j) victims who blow their
savings on something that is 4 People tend to view their own selfies as a method of self-promotion.
In style for mere weeks. 5 We often interpret other people's expressions in selfies negatively.
6 People aspire to portray an image of originality, but selfies are influenced
by the latest trends.
7 Men and women have the same considerations when it comes to taking
selfies.
8 The selfie isn't a mode of self-expression free from conventions and cliches.
WRITING RRI
DAMMAR
ING, HEADERS AND TAILS A DESCRIPTION; LEARN TO USE FRONTING

Rewrite each sentence with a suitable header or tail. 5 A Read the description. When do you think the
1 Trainers like that are pretty hard to come by. description occurs? Why?

They_____________________________________________ • a) in the past

2 Claire's a really stylish individual. b) in the present
S h e ______________________________________ ■ c) in the future
3 Is that apartment where your cousin lives?
That_____________________________________________ •
1We climbed steadily, our pace now slowed by the heat
A My friend Anna loves going round markets and of the midday sun. 2Xeno scrambled up the slope more
getting bargains. urgently, ignoring our warnings of loose rock and steep
Going____________________________________________ . drops. Each eager footfall marked the dust, leaving
5 My brother's really happy at work now. staccato tracks as excitement mounted. After a short
H e_______________________________________________ • time, the brush began to thin, 3and we were suddenly
6 Moving to live abroad has been a long-term goal of in a clearing, light-scorched retina adjusting to our new
mine. surroundings. We put down our packs and walked
I t ________________________________________________ . towards the edge. 4An outcrop of rock jutted out from
the hillside and offered views for mile upon mile.
7 What keeps her motivated is going to the gym.
Going____________________________________________ • 5We looked down from our vantage point and saw
the broad valley spread out below us. A scattering of
S Can you remember where you first heard this song?
shelters, their flimsy walls of scavenged wood offering a
This______________________________________________.
splash of colour. Beyond that, a vast expanse of sand.
Complete the conversation with words and phrases in 6A large, skeletal building stood on the edge of the
the box. There are two extra items you don't need. desert. 7The burnished roof gleamed In the harsh light
and looked like a candle moments before it gutters and
rt it's a pretty warm remember where that dies. Tiny, slender figures, like ghosts or wind-blown
that there's a this one those what it's smoke, toiled in the shade it offered. 8There was a great
heap of machinery ahead of them, which they picked
A : Very stylish,1________________________ Jacket. How through. Harvesting remains, searching for whatever fuel
much was it? they could find.
B: A couple of hundred pounds 9A shrill cry came from among the rocks behind us,
2___________________________cost me. momentarily causing panic. The crackle and hiss of
A : New? static, and then the voice over the radio. Our signal.
B: No,3_____________________ _, I've had it for ages. ‘Come on, it’s time we left, our work is done.’
A: Is it merino wool? 4_ that
‘Wait. One more second. Tell me, what did they call this
stuff.
place?’
B: 5____________________ made of, I have no idea,
‘Earth. They called it Earth.’
Æ 6______________ you bought it, do you?
B: 7 I do. It was in
Manchester.
B Rewrite the underlined phrases in the description
A: Right!8_____ great place,
using fronting.
Manchester, don't you think?
B: Yeah, lovely city. C Which of the sentences you rewrote include an
adverb at the beginning of the clause and which
include a prepositional phrase?

D Write a description of your own (220-280 words)

for a university creative writing magazine. Write
about a person or place. Use some of the ideas from
this unit to help you.
VOCABULARY FUNCTION
WELL-BEING INFORMAL TURN-TAKING

Complete the texts with the words and Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
phrases in the box. 1 As I was s a y in g /te llin g before you interrupted, it's a really good
opportunity to find out about the latest fashions.
cure-all exert myself physically
2 Going o n /b a ck to your studies, have you thought anymore about
get engrossed in
incorporate into my daily routine what you want to write your thesis on?
magic bullet out of synch with myself 3 Like I to ld /sa id , there's no point doing all that work and then just
panacea restoring my piece of mind giving up the first time it gets difficult.
4 I just w a n t/w is h to add a few points about that, too. Have you
thought about the cost?
1suppose I didn't really get into it until I 5 Oh, I m e a n /m e a n t to add that there are lots of opportunities to
was recuperating from an injury. Sport and explore the nightlife, too.
exercise have always been important to me, 6 Good point. A p p a re n tly /A c tu a lly that's like something I read
but up to that point it was predominantly online this afternoon.
something I'd 1__________________________ 7 Oh that rem inds/rem em bers me. I heard that 90s stuff is back in
- a run during my lunch hour, or maybe fashion.
a bit of swimming to wind down after
8 Funny you should te ll/m e n tio n that. I read an article saying
work. My physio explained that to build
much the same thing.
up any lost muscle mass I had to
2__________________________ , so that's when
I started looking at high-intensity options.
LEARN TO
Lifting weights has helped a great deal, but
______________________ ; you
it's no 3_____________________ JUSTIFY YOUR POSITION
need to consider the way you look after
yourself holistically. 3 A Put the underlined words in the correct order to complete the
B conversation.
For me, taking up tai-chi was all about A: So, I hear that you've been following a Paleo diet recently. What's
4__________________________ - I needed that all about then? Isn't it loading up on protein, and getting all
something to give me a bit more balance, prehistoric? What's the appeal of eating like a caveman?
and help to provide a welcome rest B: ^b o u t/ju st/it's/n o t eating meat, there's a bit more to it than
from the anxieties of everyday life. I that. It's more to do with excluding or avoiding anything that is
work in a high-pressure results-driven processed - and there's no dairy, added salt or sugar. You only
environment, so stress is constant. Last eat things Paleolithic people would have had, about 10,000
year came the crunch. I just felt so years ago ...
5__________________________ that getting A: Sounds like it's very limiting. Why would you want to put
out of bed each day was a challenge. yourself through something like that?
Fortunately, a close friend turned me
B: Well, 2from / loss / apart / the / weight, proven / for / benefits /
on to it. From this vantage point, I can
does/it / have increasing energy levels. It's a pretty healthy
certainly say that any form of rest and
option, overall.
reflection does you the world of good.
A: Really? I would have thought that you'd be missing out on all
Meditative activities are a bit of a
the vitamins and minerals from dairy stuff.
B: Well, you get plenty of those from fresh fruit and nuts. And
seafood. That's a big part of the diet. I really do think Paleo
Trail running has been a revelation to me.
forward / the / is / way.
Jogging and park running have their place,
A: Well, if you ask me, it sounds like a fad. I'm sure that modern food
but compared with getting out there in
production can't be all that bad. And aren't there really valuable
the hills and woodland, they are a second
nutrients in wheat products? You can't be eating any of those.
best. It's one of those activities that you
can 7___________________________ so easily. B: 4tried / if / you've / but / it / don't / 1/ know you can get lots of
Working out different routes, checking nutrients from raw seaweed. It's a bit tricky to track down, but
weather forecasts or deciding on what gear I've got a tub of stuff from the local beach.
you need for each excursion. But, once you A: No thanks, I think I'll stick to my usual 21st-century snacks.
are pounding through the wilderness you B: Don't be so dismissive. 5is / advantage / like / something / the /
feel incredibly alive. Having said that, it's of/this you'll lose weight quickly, and feel more energised.
certainty not a 8__________________________ A: And end up with skin like a cavewoman. Great! 6l've/found / is/
- I've probably picked up more knocks in what / works / me / really / for a nice pasta salad!
the last six months than any time running
on city streets. 8 . 0 5.2 Listen and check.
' ; ' PIPf®
,..
OCABULARY mm.
CITIES

w=tch the sentence halves.

1 .e never been bothered by the hustle and a) the local park Is a tranquil place to hang out.
bustle of life in Berlin; b) everybody's always on the move.
2 There are a couple of areas I'd call no-go zones c) to be honest, it's less congested than most
3 Town planners are concerned that the new urban European cities.
design is too alienating; d) you are spoilt for choice in this neighbourhood.
4 I miss the buzz of living in the city centre; e) there was so much going on, wherever you were.
5 Life in New York's been hard. It's so hectic; f) I think I'm more suited to living in the suburbs.
6 I really enjoy having all these great places to eat g) but it's not that intimidating; it's generally a laid-
on my doorstep; back place.
7 If you're looking for a little bit of sanctuary, h) some older residents no longer feel like the city
8 I felt out of place living in that area downtown; is theirs.

READING » s -« S".'i

Is the writer optimistic or pessimistic about the future of cities? Read the article and find out.

IERE ARE WE
.O IN G TO LIVE NEXT?
/ing numbers of us are still
ring Into cities. The United
ons estimates that by 2050
:~ e 66 percent of the planet's
oulatlon will live within urban
as. Much of the expected
owth will take place in countries
:■
' the developing regions,
artlcularly Africa. As a result, But it's not just about dealing with a time of connectivity, where billions
ase countries will face numerous pollution. Climate change issues of devices and household objects
nallenges in meeting the needs of can be tackled, too, are linked, sending data that
air expanding urban populations. shapes every element of urban life.
As urban temperatures increase,
There is no better example of this
this heat could be harnessed to
than in the smart cities which are
grow a variety of different plant
iile many people might well growing around the world.
species on rooftops, creating
consider the idea of living In a produce which could be used to
city of the future as a daunting feed the growing population, and
ospect, urban planners are provide greater biodiversity. Cities like Songdo in South Korea
iking at ways to rise to the go even further, with the city Itself
cccasion. The combination of anticipating the behaviour and
climate change and creative preferences of its residents, and
But what about more Immediate
solutions offered by new changing their experience of it
changes? According to recent
-echnology could allow for accordingly. But, as with urban
studies, there are two main factors
interesting approaches to urban planning, It is vital that residents
which are currently driving the
improvement. The future may not of smart cities have their say. As
quest for urban improvement -
be as bleak as anticipated, In Francesca Bria, chief Innnovations
population density and education.
■act, material scientists are keen to officer based in Barcelona, puts it,
This supports traditional theories
explore the potential of the city as the city is not just a digital model.
of urban change, which suggest
a playground. She believes that cities of the
that a high concentration of well-
future will be at least partially self-
educated residents is important
governing and their residents will
when pushing developers to make
participate directly in budgeting,
As well as addressing energy needs, changes which will benefit the
planning and managing key
innovative materials can Impact on overall populace.
projects that affect their everyday
health. Quieter roads would mean
a substantial reduction in urban lives.
noise, which is a contributing factor Technology also requires funding if * WHO: World Health Organisation
to both stress and heart disease. future cities are to flourish, We live in
Read the article again. Five paragraphs Match the people or organisations 1-5 with the views a)-e).
have been removed. Match paragraphs A-F 1 The WHO
with gaps 1-5. There is one extra paragraph 2 Material scientists
which you do not need to use.
3 Joris Voeten
A According to urban engineer Joris Voeten, 4 Urban planners
these gardens can also reduce rooftop
5 Francesca Bria
temperatures by up to 40°C, greatly
cooling the overall urban environment. a) Some of the results of climate change can be exploited to
An additional benefit is that plants act as lessen its impact.
filters, removing pollutants caused by traffic b) It's not always worthwhile seeking the opinions of city
congestion. Long-term, these green screens residents.
could return clean air to many choked up c) Accelerated urban growth could impact on infrastructure,
cities. particularly in developing countries.
B In these urban environments, the flow of d) A combination of modern technology and resident input is
information helps authorities to improve the best way forward for future cities.
transport infrastructure in real time, e) Cities provide considerable opportunity for exploring new
reduce costs and make more efficient the design concepts.
day-to-day running of services. In London,
Barcelona and New York, bus schedules 3 Match the underlined words in the article with the
and services change based on current use. definitions.
In Singapore and Dubai, driverless cars 1 with little hope____________
navigate the streets.
2 to prosper
C Working with large companies that use
3 a hypothesis, belief_____________
this research data to shape design is an
4 a description of a situation_____________
important way of preparing cities for the
growth they will see. One drawback is that 5 extremely difficult, intimidating_____________
the information may be commercially 6 controlled, exploited_____________
sensitive. Balancing the rights of residents 7 predicting, foreseeing_____________
with development is a challenge and some
urban planning groups are concerned about
the implications for individual privacy. GRAMMAR
D This scenario is causing concern among CONCESSION CLAUSES
global aid agencies and the WHO*. As
the urban population swells, there will
Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
be an increased pressure on housing,
employment, energy and other essential 1 Shy a lth o u g h /a s I am, I want to get out and meet more local
services. Further to this, issues such as people.
climate change are placing additional
demands on already stretched urban 2 They told me I was a very competent speaker, but they're
environments. just being polite, th ough/despite .
E There is an assumption that the better
the education system, the more critically 3 Poor as my cooking is, I do/will like it when people enjoy
residents will think about change. Being what I make.
able to assess and evaluate plans in terms
of their long- and short-term impact 4 We live in an apartment close to the historic centre, albeit/
makes for more engaged residents. While though a very small one.
some urban planners may not embrace
this approach of collective planning, it has
5 As exciting as/although life here is, there are times when
proved to result in more liveable cities.
you want a bit of quiet.
So, investment in education is a key factor
and may be vital for the success of urban
development. 6 Albeit/However interesting it may seem, there are drawbacks
F So, what can we expect to find in a city of to the job.
the future? Carbon-capturing buildings,
photovoltaic pavements, and noise- 7 She is always encouraging me, despite/even though I think
dampening road surfaces are all in their she's not convinced I'll ever be able to drive.
infancy, but these innovations will all be
incorporated. Computer models have 8 Keen traveller as/although I am, there are some places I just
already shown how much energy could be wouldn't want to visit.
generated if every rooftop in major urban
areas had solar panels in place.
Read the article. Find and correct eight VOCABULARY PLUS
mistakes with concession clauses.
BINOMIALS

6 Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.

1 Sooner later, property prices in cities become
unaffordable for locals.
a) and b) In c) or
2 Some kids sprayed graffiti on the community centre after
they were told to leave. It was just tit tat.
a) but b) for c) or
3 A ll all, the quality of life in a city like Copenhagen
has Improved of late.
a) and b) for c) In
4 This year's make break for the local council; they
need to solve the traffic congestion problem.
a) and b) or c) In
5 Large crowds and traffic jams are just part parcel of
modern life, aren't they?
a) but b) for c) and
6 Slowly surely things have been changing round here.
It's becoming a safer area.
a) and b) but c) or
7 They were worried that the kids were out somewhere in this
weather, but they were here all along - safe_______ sound.
a) and b) but c) in
1Self-styled city boy although I am, I couldn't 8 The regeneration programme has been more_______ less a
help finding Yoshino Mountain a fascinating success, but there are still improvements to be made.
place to spend a few days. 2Despite the fact of
a) and b) In c) or
the hilltop town is only a couple of hours from
the ancient capital of Nara, in the off-season it's 9 First foremost, you need to think about whether you
rarely visited. 3ln spring, when the famed sakura can afford to pay the rent.
are in blossom, hordes of tourists visit to admire a) or b) but c) and
the thousands of cherry trees in full bloom. 10 They've opened some great restaurants near the station. It's
4Even though I was there in late October.
a perfect place to wine dine clients.
5Jam-packed when it can be, Yoshino has still
a) or b) and c) in
managed to retain the charm and relative
tranquillity of many rural retreats. 6Albeit, there
Complete the sentences with the correct binomials from
are a growing number of ryokan (guest houses)
competing for the tourist yen. im portant if it Exercise 6.
is to have the opportunity to rest somewhere 1 The police are worried about a series o f_____________
with a warm bed and wi-fi, my particular attacks by gangs.
destination was the Kizo-in, a Buddhist temple
2 I'd your friends at that fantastic new Italian
close to the Zao-do hall. 8The second largest
place If you want to Impress them.
wooden structure in Japan, in 2004 this
was designated a UNESCO World Heritage 3 _____________ , moving to London was the best thing that
Site. 9lts scale is breathtaking, and given the she ever did.
mountain-top location it looks awe-inspiring. 4 It's time for our company. We need this
10However indifferent you can be about faith contract or we'll go bust.
or even architecture, there are times when you 5 _____________ they are going to have to knock that old
just can't deny the impact a building can have
building down. It's an eyesore.
upon people. "In the half-light of the evening,
people walked around the grounds in silence,
6 Late nights are_____________ of being a new parent. But It
quietly reflecting on their place in the world. gets easier with time.
12l enjoyed a small, even though tasty, meal 7 We better let her know we're home as she
with visting monks before heading back to worries if we don't get In touch.
my lodgings. 13The next day I would climb the 8 _____________ the flat is starting to feel like a home. We've
mountain, and set out into the forests beyond. done a lot to It since we moved In.

■■HHH 9 _____________ I think of myself as a New Yorker. It's a city

with a strong Identity.
10 They've_____________ finished the work on the
underground system. It's much better now.
LISTENING
You are going to listen to an
interview. Look at the pictures.
Predict what the interviewee
does for a job.

B S 6.1 Listen and check. C Listen again. Complete the sentences with no more than
three words.
C Listen again and choose the correct 1 Get it wrong, and the most__________________________
option to answer the questions. becomes a laugh-out-loud comedy.
1 What are the possible results if the You need to use a lot of creativity with subtitles, otherwise the
speaker does a good job? audience will ju st__________________________ .
a) People will find the films amusing and Something that might shock an audience in the UK or US could
entertaining. be in other parts of the world.
b) She will be rewarded financially. Especially when you as much as
c) The film could become prestigious or possible with the audio track.
win a prize. Across countries and cultures, there are
2 How has foreign-language cinema ___________________________ in meaning ...
changed according to the speaker? And in __________________________ , it's pretty good, so that's a
a) The plotlines have become more bonus factor, too.
complex and confusing.
b) The language used is less formal and
more colloquial. VOCABULARY
c) They tend to feature more elaborate
SUMMARISING VERBS
costumes.
3 What does the speaker have to most bear
For 1-7, complete the second sentence so it has a similar
in mind as she works?
meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and the word
a) How the film-makers want to convey given.
certain ideas.
1 The aid agency is promising to do all it can to help resolve the
b) How the audience will react to her
situation. VOW
choice of wording.
The aid agency___________________________ help resolve the
c) How any differences in UK and US
situation.
language could be misinterpreted.
2 The government are requesting an inquiry into the shortage of
4 According to the speaker, why is it
qualified translators. CALL FOR
important to have two lines per screen?
A government inquiry into the
a) You can only use a limited number of
shortage of qualified translators.
words on screen.
3 Students expressed their worries about the quality of the
b) Viewers can't read any more than that.
education they received. VOICE
c) Viewers complain that subtitles may
Students__________________________ about the quality of their
block the action.
education.
5 What does the speaker say is especially
4 He keeps saying that he hasn't done anything illegal. MAINTAIN
difficult about dealing with gestures?
H e__________________________ nothing wrong.
a) They have a variety of meanings
5 I think that the issue just shows their weakness. ILLUSTRATE
across cultures.
The issue continues weak they've
b) There are too many of them used in
become.
modern cinema.
6 The translator got told off after going off script during the
c) They can be key to illustrating the
conference. REPRIMAND
storyline.
The translator___________________________ following the script
6 Why does the speaker believe her job is
during the conference.
satisfying?
7 The bank admitted to making errors with the account for
a) It's very well-paid and not over
several years. ACKNOWLEDGE
challenging.
The bank__________________________ been making mistakes for
b) She feels priviledged to work in the
several years.
world of film.
c) The effect her work has on other
people can be rewarding.
GRAMMAR WRITING
INDIRECT SPEECH SYNTHESISING FROM DIFFERENT
SOURCES
Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1 The speaker at the conference insisted in speaking 5A Read the question and make notes on your
English, although he had an interpreter. opinion.
Which is more valid and reliable in the modern age:
2 They suggested me to go for extra lessons to improve my a human translator or a digital translation tool?
speaking.
E Read two short extracts about translating.
Identify the source.
3 To be honest, I regret to tell her anything about it.
Extract 1

4 She says she don't hear anything. I think she must have
been sleeping.
Ast Translation Services
5 I couldn't understand what he did write. It was so difficult. You will b e p art o f o u r In -h o u se translation team ,
w orking closely w ith a n o v erseas language office
6 Your father advised to talk to a lawyer about the situation. team . You will b e resp o n sib le for delivering
translations o f th e highest quality a n d accuracy
on tim e a n d w ithin b udget. You will h av e the
7 I told him that if we left late we will miss the train.
oppo rtu n ity to act a s Lead T ranslator for o n e or
several accounts a n d to su p p o rt th e d ev elo p m en t
8 The board of directors discussed if they should terminate o f y o u r translation te a m m e m b e rs.
his contract.
O ur current client list includes th e World H ealth
O rganization (W HO) an d th e W orld Bank. Your
9 He recommend them stay somewhere close to the airport. translations will b e u se d to provide inform ation
a n d d o cu m e n ts for m edical staff a n d su p p o rt
10 We asked him give us a call when you arrive home. staff in m a n y o f th e w o rld ’s m o st challenging
developing regions.

Report the conversations using the verbs in the box.

Extract 2
advise complain deny explain insist warn
( 5 ) search

Anna: Come on; get ready now! You've got to go! Your One of the biggest challenges facing translators
meeting starts at two. today is explaining our relevance in a world
Peter: OK, OK, don't rush me! Look, I'm just choosing what where digital tools are becoming more
to wear. and more capable of doing our job. Often
Anna: And you'd better take a taxi - it'll be quicker. Don't be people are asked, 'W h y don't your clients just
late again or you'll be in real trouble. use Google Translate?' Given that artificial
Peter: I've never been late for an appointment. Ever. intelligence (Al) is developing quickly, and
online resources are improving, this is a valid
question. So, what are the answers? Well, a
typical translator's response might be that issues
with word order, verb choice and tone will
always mean digital tools are second best. But
assure promise remind warn perhaps more importantly, online translations
are extremely literal - they lack context. Think
of any idiomatic phrase in a language you know
Chiara: So, you remember that you're coming to ours for well. Understanding often requires knowledge
dinner tomorrow? of history, culture and social interaction. And
Paul: Sure, I'll definitely be there for eight. that is something an app may never achieve.
Chiara: Oh, and by the way, Dad's making a really spicy stew
-just so you are prepared!
C Write an essay that answers the question
Paul: Don't worry about me. I can eat just about anything. in Exercise 5A (250 words). Use ideas from the
extracts in Exercise 5B and your own ideas from
Exercise 5A. Use a range of linking words to
make your writing cohesive.

m
VOCABULARY FUNCTION Kü
CONVENTIONS TALK ABOUT CUSTOMS

Complete the text with the words and phrases in 2A B 6 . 2 Listen to three people discussing experiences
the box. of other cultures. Match each person 1-3 with a topic
a)-c).
atypical commonplace customary expected
a) Shopping b) Friendliness c) Eating a meal
inappropriate out of the ordinary peculiar to
routine taken for granted unheard of
B Listen again and complete the extracts.
The first couple of months that I spent in 1 You'd think I'd___________________________ it by now, I
Russia saw me make a series of faux pas. I suppose, mean, I've been living here since the late 90s.
to an extent, when your'e travelling in European 2 But I ju st piling all my food
capitals it's1___________________________ that on to one plate.
there are a number of shared customs and 3 When it first happened, I found it a
conventions, but you forget just how different __________________________ experience.
things are elsewhere. Really, nothing should be A I didn't know at the time, but it's
2__________________________ . I was an undergrad __________________________ when a new customer
in St Petersburg when I first met Alexei. We got comes in they should be welcomed ...
on well, and enjoyed discussing philosophy and 5 I come from London, so I __________________________
literature. As is 3___________________________ in people being a bit stand-offish.
these situations, he eventually invited me to his
6 The help each other out if
house to have dinner with his parents. This is a
you possibly can.
fairly4___________________________ occurrence
for exchange students, so I thought I'd pull it 3 Use the phrases from Exercise 2B to make sentences
off without causing any diplomatic incidents. about your experiences of other cultures.
Unfortunately, I was young and didn't realise then
what you have to do when you go to dinner in
Russia - you see, there are quite clear rules. It's LEARN TO
alt very5__________________________ , but in my
enthusiasm I didn't bother to find out about them. QUESTION GENERALISATIONS
First, I took some flowers - nothing
6 : there, surely? 4 A Complete the responses using the prompts in
Sadly, my choice of blooms was totally brackets.
7__________________________ . For Russians, yellow 1 A: I read an online article that says British tourists
flowers symbolise the end of a relationship. Alexei aren't welcome in the city anymore.
didn't look overly happy when I gave his mother a B: _________________________________________________ ,
bunch of yellow roses. The next thing I did wrong you know, what's the evidence? (always / wonder /
was to keep my outdoor shoes on. I suppose thing)
that's not8 in the UK, 2 A: There's a huge problem with online bullying in high
but I was more concerned about the potential
schools.
embarrassment of exposing my threadbare socks. I
B : _________________________________________________ .
thought it was just a normal family dinner, so I also
I've never heard of it happening, (still / wonder/
wore my usual student attire. An exasperated Alexei
common)
told me that you really ought to dress well when
3 A: Asian people tend to be the most reluctant to speak
someone invites you to dinner, as this indicates you
at meetings, don't they?
think the invitation is important.
B: _________________________________________________ .
When dinner arrived, the food was fantastic. I ate
I know a lot of very talkative Japanese people, (hear
everything on my plate, but was very full. When
/ but / sound / stereotype)
Alexei's mother offered me more I said 'no thank
you'. She looked a bit put out. Evidently that was 4 A: Women are generally much better at listening to
an 9___________________________ response by guests others than men.
in the Anishin household. Later, Alexei explained B : _________________________________________________ ?
that you need to leave a little food on your plate to It's a pretty sweeping statement, (do / think / case)
show you are finished. I kicked myself for making 5 A: They'll be really offended if you don't eat what they
such an error of judgement. The tradition isn't offer you.
10 Russia after all - B : _________________________________________________ .
there are a number of cultures which do the same. People tend to be aware that not everyone has the
Equally, if you refuse more, your host might think same taste, (somehow / doubt / true)
you didn't enjoy your meal. Luckily they forgave my
lack of manners, and invited me back again ... B 0 6.3 Listen and check.
R EV IEW 3: UNITS 5-6 R3

GRAMMAR N O U N PHRASES GRAMMAR FRONTING, H EAD ERS AN D TAILS

Use the notes and the information in the sentences Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given.
to rewrite them with noun phrases and as few words 1 Have they finished that new housing development
as possible. over by the canal yet?
Michael Mosley's diet helped begin a diet revolution That ?
around the globe. It promoted the benefit of fasting. 2 He cheats during exams and everyone knows it.
(British doctor) (diet was ground-breaking) (5:2 diet) Cheating_____________________________________
(introduced in 2013) (significant) (health)
3 This group of students are mainly from Singapore.
They____________________________________________
A Is that black mountain bike leaning against the
In 2012, Mosley began high-intensity training. window yours?
(55-year-old) (out of shape) (made decision) (lost That ?
weight) (improved overall fitness)
5 Our kids aren't really so bad.
They_______________________
6 Amanda isn't worth bothering about.
Mosely's revelation that he suffered from insomnia
She
surprised many people. But tests conducted after
7 The fact that so many people have complained is
changing his diet to promote a healthy microbiome
particularly significant.
showed his sleep quality had improved.
Particularly____________________________________
(now healthy) (many years) (University of Oxford's
8 The dog, no bigger than a rat, had been left to fend
Department of Psychiatry) (almost threefold)
for itself.
Left

VOCABULARY PLUS C O M PO U N D S
___________________________
VOCABULARY R E V IEW I

Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.

Complete the text with the phrases in the box.
high-maintenance high-powered high-risk
achieve success cure-all
high-tech long-haul long-winded low-cost
deliver a host of benefits deliver tangible results
low-profile short-tempered
incorporate into a daily routine
looks can be deceiving out of synch with yourself 1 They made quite a niche for themselves providing
trigger rapid weight gain ___________________________ solutions for public
housing, helping the council save on their budget.
We all know that taking care of what you eat can
2 It's too much of a
1 in terms of health and
strategy. You can't gamble with health and safety
well-being, but the latest scientific research has shown
like that.
that even some ostensibly 'healthy' options should
be avoided. Our tendency to promote increased fruit 3 Although a best-selling children's author, he's
and vegetable intake as a 2__________________________ renowned as a and
could actually be causing more harm than good. often extremely offensive individual.
Although the ever-increasing range of smoothies A Those kids are so
and fruit juices available in supermarkets and coffee they're constantly demanding new stuff. It drives me
shops seem a healthier option than that calorific mad!
hot chocolate,3__________________________ . Many of 5 I have no intention of quitting, I'm in it for the
these have massive amounts of added sugars which
can ‘ as they stimulate the 6 She's quite a figure In
production of insulin which then stores any available the fashion industry - she can make or break a new
energy as fats. Drink too many of them, and you'll soon designer.
fee l5__________________________ . However, there's 7 With its increased opportunities for digital
no need to despair, there are a few tricks that you start-ups, this city is set to be one of the most
can 1 which will promote __________________________ areas in the country.
a healthier lifestyle. One way to 8 While I really enjoy the snappy dialogue in her
is to work on building novels, the descriptions are so drawn out and
healthy gut microbiome, which can help reduce
weight and give you more energy. Eating food rich in
9 Their relatively
probiotics, like live yoghurt, kimchi and miso soup will
approach to marketing means that they can spend
8___________________________ by providing the 'good'
more on research and development.
bacteria that help regulate your body.

m
REVIEW 3: UNITS 5-6

FUNCTION IN FO RM AL TURN-TAKING 3 downtown / a no-go zone

a) Due to spiralling crime rates, Ramona Beach was
5 A Put the underlined words in the correct order to declared a __________________________ .
complete the sentences. b) Following a large amount of investment,
a) him/of/talking, did you hear what happened last __________________________ has become a more
week? attractive area.
b) mention / should / you / that / funny, I just heard 4 pleaded/vowed
about it on the radio. a) Fie____________________ to me that he'd
c) was / 1/ where / anyway? Oh, yes, we need to call the never do anything like that again.
plumber. b) She_____________________ _ _ with her parents
d) back / I / before / saving / was / getting / to / what, to let her go to the party, but they refused.
can you make it to the party? 5 maintains/acknowledges
e) saving / what / was / 1/ anyway? a) The manager___________________________ that
f) reminds / me / oh / that. We're meeting them later. he may have been at fault for the embarrassing
defeat.
g) feel / 1/ wav / same / the / about things, to be
honest. b) Fie___________________________ his innocence, but
it's starting to wear a bit thin.
B Complete the conversations with the sentences 6 echoed/voiced
from Exercise 5A. a) The nursing staff_________________________
1 A :________________________________________________ concerns that they were being unfairly treated,
B: You were talking about the new fashion store in b) Sh e _________________________ the opinions of
town. several leading experts.
2 A: I'm considering this 5:2 diet. It sounds like a good 7 illustrates / relates
option. a) This just_____________ the problem.
B : ________________________________________________ We'll solve nothing without talking,
3 A: I'm not happy at all. There have been too many b) The article______________________ the
changes. difficulties faced by many immigrants in Europe.
B : ________________________________________________ 8 customary/commonplace
4 A: I saw Natasha and Clare at the gym this morning. a) I think that it's sadly going to be an increasingly
B: __________________________ event.
5 A: The new doctor is seeing patients in clinic three. b) It's__________________________ In this part of the
B : ________________________________________________ world to invite new neighbours for a meal.

6 A: Hmm, yeah, that's interesting, I was thinking 9 atypical / inappropriate

about them earlier. a) His comments were completely
B : ________________________________________________ __________________________ ; he managed to upset
almost everyone.
7 A: Sorry to interrupt, but have you seen the state of
the bathroom? b) I think that was fairly__________________________
behaviour. She's usually well-mannered.
B
10 peculiar to/routine in
a) It's a custom which is ________________
VOCABULARY R E V IEW 2 the area. They don't do it elsewhere,
b) That kind of thing is quite________
6 Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct these parts. Don't worry about it.
word or phrase.
1 hustle and bustle/bit of sanctuary
a) First time visitors shouldn't miss the
__________________________ of Times Square - a
carnival of commerce in the heart of the city.
b) I've found that there's a small park
among the skyscrapers that offers a

2 alienating/intimidating
a) The proposed plans envisioned a high-tech
city which traditionalists sadly found too
to approve.
b)_________ There are some suburbs where the towering
blocks and dark underpasses create an
___________________________ atmosphere.
REVIEW 3: UNITS 5-6 R3

GRAMMAR | C O N C ESSIO N CLA USES GRAMMAR IN DIRECT SPEECH

Complete the text with the words in the box. Complete the second sentence to report the first
using the correct form of the reporting verbs in the
albeit although as (x2) despite do box.
even though nevertheless though
advise assure deny insist invite
Adventurous 1 I am, there are areas of promise remind warn
the city I just haven't got to visit yet.2_____________
.ing in London for nearly a decade, this is my first 1 'Don't forget to bring your driving licence, Johan.'
time at Trinity Buoy Wharf, an industrial area next Katia said.
to the Thames.3_____________ it's a dank and fairly Katia___________________________________________
.unwelcoming evening in late October, the place is 2 'I wouldn't stay in that part of town, it's expensive.'
absolutely buzzing. Why? Well, it's home to one of the Alex told Clare.
UK's most prominent functional fitness gyms, where Alex____________________________________________.
.-ou can develop the skills required for anything from
3 'Why don't you come out for something to eat?'
free-running to cage-fighting. Now, poor4_____________
Fotios asked me.
my current fitness levels are, 15_____________ fancy the
Fotios___________________________________________
dea of being able to confidently run up a wall,
;_____________ a small one, given my height. Or at A 'Don't go into that area, it's a no-go zone,' the taxi
the very least be better equipped to navigate my driver told us.
surroundings.7_____________ , I'm not naive enough The taxi driver
to try to tackle this on my own, so I've enlisted the 5 'It's not true that I'm a poor translator,' Mila said.
assistance of Karl Smith, an expert in urban sports Mila____________________________________________.
training.8 Karl Is quietly spoken, he 6 'Don't worry, you'll have a great time,' the tour guide
oushes me to the absolute limit with a series of circuits told me.
and intensive weightlifting exercises. This is before The tour guide___________________________________ .
we've even done any balance work9_____________ ,
7 I'll pay for the meal, please, it's my treat,' said
so I'm thoroughly shattered by the end of the session!
Hannah.
Hannah__________________________________________.
/OCABULARY PLUS BIN O M IALS 8 'I'll make sure that the essay is in on time,' Orhan
told his tutor.
Underline the correct alternatives. Orhan
A Am I happy with the redevelopment project? More
l th a n /o r less, but I would have preferred it if there'd FUNCTION TALK A BO U T CUSTOMS
been a little more consultation with local residents.
First za n d /o r foremost our opinion matters because
10 Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences.
we have to live here on a daily basis. It's fine to
Two sentences are correct.
create green spaces on a big estate, but I want to
know how they are going to be managed. We don't 1 I was unaware of the custom, but evidently it's given
want them being overrun, and becoming no-go that anyone clearing their plate should be offered
zones. The kids here are mainly a good bunch, but more food.
if there is trouble, you know some tit 3fo r/w ith tat 2 I found it a completely alien experience; I was so
thing, then it can get messy. used to people being treated as equals.
B It always happens, doesn't it? Sooner ‘'th a n /o r 3 You think he should be accustomed to It by now.
later a local business goes down the tubes and in He's lived here since he was a teenager.
come the urban trendies. Slowly 5y e t/b u t surely the 4 I'm sorry, but I just can't get used to all the traffic
character of the place changes. Gentrification, isn't round here. It's crazy.
it? I know it's part 6fo r/a n d parcel of living in a city, 5 Coming from a city like New York I'm use to people
but I miss the old ways, you know? That place over being loud and obnoxious.
there, that was a greengrocer's. Five generations ran 6 Over here the normal is to help out with the
it. Now it's a gastro bar. Who's going to wine 7a n d /o r community whenever possible.
dine anyone around here? Madness! 7 Where I come from, it expects that you take a gift
C I think that this year is make so r/a n d break for when you are invited for a meal.
our firm. We're really hoping to win the contract 8 I know It seems a bit strange, but in this part of the
to renovate the old steelyard quarter. It's got world it's custom to share the cost.
some incredible potential and great charm. We're
thinking design vernacular. All 9o n /in all this is a
super exicting time for us! Anyway, I'd better go.
Presentations start at four. I've got the plans safe
10a n d /o r sound here.Somewhere ...
R3 REV IEW 3: UNITS 5-6

CHECK
Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 It's a management team, nothing will go 15 As I was__ your dad yesterday, things have to
wrong. change.
a) highly organised and efficient a) saying b) telling c) remembering
b) high organised and efficient 16 There's a great new coffee shop right on m y .
c) highly and organised efficient a) downtown b) neighbourhood c) doorstep
2 Do you have any_______ for when you leave? 17 Don't you miss th e of living in Berlin?
a) long plans or aspirations a) buzz b) hectic c) hustle
b) long-terms or aspirations 18 you look at it, it's an expensive place to live.
c) long-term plans or aspirations a) Albeit b) However c) Even though
3 In tonight's programme w e ______ an aspect of 19 It's a lovely area a bit too quiet at times.
culture which is still underground. a) albeit b) although c) despite
a) deliver b) discuss c) enhance 20 I'd more less given up on her.
4 They've found it difficult to Interest in the IT a) on b) or c) and
course. 21 Well, a ll all, it's been an unqualified success.
a) deliver b) achieve c) sustain a) of b) on c) in
5 As soon as I saw the photos, it a memory of 22 He's their claims - he says it's a conspiracy
the old house. against him.
a) delivered b) triggered c) enhanced a) alleging b) relating c) repudiating
6 I feel sorry for his -suffering wife. He's such a 23 They're bound t o _______ some kind of inquiry.
bore. a) plead for b) call for c) vow for
a) low b) high c) long 24 My personal trainer_______ me not to overdo the
7 You can't just focus o n -term gains. What exercise plan.
about next year? a) advised b) denied c) insisted
a) high b) long c) short 25 I _ her to phone you, I promise.
8 We feel a bit changed. Ninety minutes isn't a) reminded b) recommended c) suggested
long enough for a film nowadays.
26 Well, that certainly wasn't . I'm quite shocked!
a) high b) short c) long
a) atypical b) expected c) the ordinary
9 Don't be such a fashion -those shoes are
27 Sometimes people take It for that you know
ridiculous!
the conventions.
a) victim b) conscious c) model
a) expected b) customary c) granted
10 Are those kind of jeans_______fashion? They look a
28 It is unusual, but not totally to behave like
bit dated to me.
that.
a) back in b) out of c) of
a) commonplace b) unheard of c) routine
11 a nice girl, young Tracey.
29 I just find it hard to get accustomed the
a) She b) Her's c) She's weather here.
12 La M undi ? Oh yes, great restaurant is .
a) for b) at c) to
a) it b) that c) there 30 Like I said, th e is to leave a tip of up to
13 He reckons that yoga is a to all that stress in 15 percent.
life. a) normal b) norm c) normally
a) panacea b) cure-all c) magic bullet
14 I don't want to myself too much. I'll just jog
RESULT /3 0
this bit.
a) exert b) engross c) restore
VOCABULARY LISTENING
FILM
2 A Look at the photos. Who do you think has the most
influence over the content of a film?
Complete the sentences with the
words in the box.
Ximm%
anA-lister chick flick
female protagonist
flashback formulaic plotlines
heist movie indie film plot twist
road movie spaghetti western > .* v .
supporting cast universal appeal

1 I watched an amazing
___________________________ last
night. It seemed like a straight
forward bank robbery, but there B E 7.1 Listen to two film journalists talking about test
was a screenings. For questions 1-6, choose the best answer a), b), c)
which turned everything on its or d) according to what you hear.
head.
1 What is said about the creative process of film-making?
That
a) It's very much dependent upon financial returns.
was her first project. It had
b) It's dependent upon the creative vision of the director.
very limited distribution,
but she chose it because the c) It's dependent upon collaboration between a number of
was stakeholders.
such a strong character. d) It's dependent fundamentally on test audiences.
Django U nchained, with its depiction 2 In terms of traditional test screenings, Emma implies that
of gunslingers, was Tarantino's a) the audience responses were often spurious.
updated version of b) the data collected was more trustworthy in the past.
th e __________________________ . c) the data collected was less trustworthy in the past.
It subverted the genre d) audiences didn't realise their importance in the process.
by using techniques like
3 What view is stated about emergent technology being used in
to
test screenings?
establish the characters and their
a) It ensures greater accuracy, and provides greater security
context.
for investors in the industry.
If a studio wants a big financial
b) It ensures greater accuracy, but can be undermined by
return, it tends to cast
technical issues.
__________________________ in
one of the main roles. However, c) It impedes accuracy as it underplays emotional responses.
this is no guarantee of a box d) It overstates the importance of emotional responses.
office hit, so having a strong 4 Which factors do the speakers feel are worth considering
__________________________ can within test audiences?
help bring critical acclaim. a) their attitude towards technology
Disney films seem to be b) their attitude towards change in the film industry
successful due to their c) their emotional receptiveness
, but d) their background, identity and race
they occasionally suffer from
5 What do scans of the brain tell us about audience members
when the activity is concurrent?
A film like Thelm a a nd Louise
a) They are all concentrating on identical subject matter in
is hard to define - is it a
the film.
b) They all feel more positive about the film.
predominantly about two
c) They always react to the content in exactly the same way.
women's growing friendship, or a
___________________________that d) They are all more critical about the film.
explores notions of changing 6 Tony expresses concern that the screen testing process could
identity in America? result in
a) films that lack any artistic merit.
b) films that favour spectacle over substance.
c) films that are overly complex and emotional.
d) films that are less cognitively engaging.

19
GRAMMAR
SUBJUNCTIVE
Blade Runner 2049
3 Find eight verbs to change to the subjunctive to make the
text more formal in style. If the change to the subjunctive ' lBBZ's Blade R unner flopped at the cinema - widely
does not change the verb form, you can use should. dismissed as a stylish but ultimately empty exercise.
Scriptwriters represented by our union are being forced to A victim of negative test screenings, a rather clunky
make last-minute rewrites without additional payments. happy ending was tagged on which was only rectified
In addition, writing credits are being removed from many with the Director’s Cut a decade later. That version
motion picture credits without permission. It is important cemented the film as a masterpiece of modern
that these issues are taken into account by the committee cinema, to sit alongside classics such as Kubrik’s 2001.
at its earliest convenience. The writer's guild has rejected So, a quarter of a century later, what should we
calls that it amends current guidelines, and requested expect from a sequel to something so revered? Well,
that the union uses its position to petition for improved the initial promise is good. Dennis Villeneuve is at
terms, if any attempt to breach these terms takes place, the helm, bringing with him 2a bold vision of a future
we advise that the member refuses to comply and notifies that is bleak yet familiar. Co-written by the original's
their union representative forthwith. We ask that detailed screenwriter, Hampton Fancher, the story is taut and
notes of any exchange are kept for legal purposes. It cerebral but not without an emotional heft.
is imperative that these guidelines are followed by all The action plays out thirty years after the
members. disappearance of replicant hunter Rick Deckard,
who went from destroying androids for the law to
For 1-6, complete the second sentence so it has a similar
falling in love with one. In the interim there's been a
meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and
‘blackout’ - ten days of digital darkness which have
the word given.
wiped replicant production records, and created
1 Can you go now, please? RATHER a blank space in humanity’s databases.3Into this
I __________________________ , thanks. dystopia comes K, played by a lugubrious Ryan
2 We recommend contacting the press immediately. IS Gosling. K tracks down wayward androids - ‘retiring’
Our___________________________the press immediately. them for any perceived indiscretions. It’s during one
3 I'd rather you didn't stay for long at the party. BETTER of his investigations that he comes across information
which will lead him to seek out Deckard, and unearth
It stay for long at the party.
secrets about what humanity has become.
A I've had enough of her constant complaining! WISH
I complaining aii the time.
‘'Blade R u n n e r20 4 9 asks big Questions. There are
no formula style plotlines. The action-fuelled set
5 The children need to go to bed. TIME
pieces typical of the genre really work, throughout
It's___________________________ in bed.
the film we are asked, what is it to be a human in the
6 That's an odd thing for you to say. SHOULD digital era? Does identity amount to anything more
It's___________________________something like that. than one algorithm jostling with countless others?
6Roger Deakin shows us how identity and image come
together through his great way of filming. Characters
WRITING gaze at each other through glass screens and see
the ghosts of themselves gazing back. 7Bodies blend
A REVIEW; LEARN TO EDIT A COMPLEX TEXT
and diffuse in dust-blown deserts and teeming
neon-lit labyrinths. As K’s search mirrors Deckard’s
5A Read a student's review of the film Blade Runner
early quest, this mirroring becomes more apparent.
2049. Match the underlined sections with the tutor's
Perhaps Villeneuve is suggesting that in our culturally-
comments below.
aware climes we are all replicants? 8Whateverthe
Strengths intention, there is no denying that Villeneuve’s vision
a) Good use of style in terms of evaluation is a spellbinding blockbuster in scope but much more
b) Succinct - a very brief summary of a convoluted plot insightful in it's execution, resulting in it being a
c) Concise reference to the original gives contextualisation worthy addition to the sci-fi pantheon.
of the film in genre
d) Good use of descriptive style, rich language!

Weaknesses
Rewrite and improve the sections that the tutor
e) Overly wordy, could edit this to have more impact
has highlighted as weaknesses.
f) Nice use of rhetorical questions, but limit where
possible
Write a review of a film you have seen. Write a
g) Could use more cohesive devices to connect ideas and first draft of about 380 words. Then reread your
improve style work and decide where edits can be made. Your
h) How could you improve descriptive style here? final version should be about 320 words.
— BBr-
VOCABULARY ■ ■ ■ H r • • ..
___________________________________
RELATIONSHIPS N e it h e r r h y m e n o r r e a s o n
1 0 3
Complete the sentences with the words and phrases I can hear my pulse pounding, and, through the microphone
in the box. clenched in my shaking fist, the sound of a strained breath. I look
out at the expectant audience, the table of stern judges, ceiling
clicked straightaway didn't take
fans in slow rotation. Everyone waits. Waits for words. M y head is
meet people halfway never compromise
a torrent of them, but my mouth will not engage. What on earth
put a strain on rocky stable
rhymes with High Wycombe ... ?
1 When John first joined here I ___________________ Three weeks ago, the term 'poetry slam’ meant very little to me.
to him at all. He seemed very arrogant, actually. Poetry was one of those rarefied art forms that other people do.
2 Being in the same office as my wife can occasionally Yes, I'd dallied with blank verse as a lovelorn teen, but those were
____________________ our relationship, but things more inspired by favoured songwriters of the time. And fairly
run pretty smoothly if we stick to 'no work chat' ineffective as I recall. Reading poetry was something we were
at home. cajoled into by teachers, who then regretted it as our monotones
mangled their cherished texts. W hy would anyone want to perform
3 Me and Jonno? Ah, w e ___________________ -shared
it aloud?
the same interests in sport, music, all kinds of stuff.
4 Me and my flatmate got on great, but things got Yet they do. In their droves. Beginning from fairly humble roots
a bit____________________ between us when his in Chicago in the mid-80s, where its more competitive, often
girlfriend kept complaining about the state of confrontational nature was intended to move poetry recitals from
our flat. academia to a popular audience, poetry slams are now a global
phenomenon. Bolstered by the conflation of hip-hop flows into
5 I've been married twice, but my new relationship
more conventional poetic tropes, its mainstream appeal is wider
seems quite____________________ - not too many
than ever.
arguments.
6 I've learnt, through bitter experience, that The format of poetry slams is a fairly fixed one. Three to five
when you're in a relationship, you need to members of the audience are chosen by an MC to act as judges.
. Being able to make After each poem is recited, each judge awards a score ranging from
concessions is so important, or you're constantly zero to ten. The highest and lowest scores are dropped, leaving each
bickering. performance with their rating. As poets move through the rounds,
the lowest scorer is eliminated. There are strict rules regarding
7 Some people , but giving in
props, costumes and musical accompaniment - all forbidden. And
isn't a weakness - it shows you can understand
you can't overrun the three-minute time limit. Brevity is the key.
someone else's perspective.
To guide me through my first slam, I enlisted the assistance of
Cristin Hollander, award-winning slam poet. So, what is the secret
READING to being a success? Cristin's answer seemed to be deceptively
simple - 'engage the audience, elicit a reaction'. Hollander reckons
that the best way to do this is to imbue your words with your own
Read the article and choose the best option.
experiences, foreground your cultural background, and articulate
a) The writer has no experience with creative writing. the interplay of this with the world around. Sounds easy enough!
b) The writer has some experience with creative
Several hours later, I have a crumpled page before me - scrawlings
writing but not poetry.
and strikethroughs, all interpolated with odd doodles and notes on
c) The writer has a good deal of experience as a stage pace. I read my first attempt. Cristin generously nods. Her verdict?
performer. 'I've heard worse.' So, it's back to working in rhyme schemes and
excising clunky phrases. 'OK, now read it, with a bit of emotion.'
Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T)
Casting off inhibitions I begin. Cristin starts laughing. M y error?
or false (F)?
'Slam voice' - a rather derisive label for the over-emoting that can
1 Poetry had little relevance to the writer as a go on at spoken word events. One way to discern a newbie is to
teenager. listen out for high pitch, strained intonation. There's a propensity
2 A key feature of slam poetry is its foundation in to push the emotion a bit much, leading to overemphasising words
academic study. when they are bereft of much meaning. Cristin says it commonly
3 In poetry slam competitions there are clear occurs when people watch slam poets in performance and attempt
parameters given for poets and judges. to immediately emulate their style.
4 According to Cristin Hollander, a good slam poet A few hours of embarrassment pass, and as I recite my words for
needs to captivate their public and get a response the umpteenth time Cristin solemnly intones, 'Yeah, that's it.' And
from them. that is how I end up here, on the stage, in the backroom of a pub in
5 Many novice slam poets are very quickly able to East London. I take the mic in my clammy hand, and look out at the
adopt an authentic performing voice. audience. A moment, a sigh, then come the w ords...
6 The writer discovers that repeated rehearsal is a
valuable exercise. ©oo®
GRAMMAR 6 Difficult as it is to believe, she wrote her first novel
at the age of sixteen.
ADVERBIALS a) People are surprised that she could write a novel
at her age.
Correct the mistakes in the sentences. b) People don't believe that she could write a novel
1 I found it quite astonish that so few of my at her age.
classmates had read his poetry. 7 On reflection, that was the entirely wrong thing to
say.
2 Starting out as an actress, she has operated as a a) Thinking about it, I shouldn't have said that.
high success director for the last decade. b) Thinking about it, those were the wrong words
to use.
3 If you haven't seen the film already, I would 8 So many of these songs are just instantly
thorough recommendation. forgettable.
a) I find It hard to remember the words to the
A I was somehow sad to hear that you won't be joining songs.
us for dinner this evening. b) I think that the songs have no lasting value.

5 Although the critics don't seem to agree, I thought

she was absolute perfect for the part. VOCABULARY PLUS
ADVERB-ADJECTIVE COLLOCATIONS
6 I think that this piece of music is deep evocation
from a time of great sadness. Match words from boxes A and B to make the most
appropriate collocation to complete the sentences.
7 Difficulty as It is to believing, Sarah was given the A
job despite being the weakest candidate.
bitterly fundamentally greatly hopelessly
Infinitely predominantly prohibitively vitally
8 She only vague remembered me, which I found deep
upset. B

admired different disappointed expensive

Decide which sentence, a) or b), has a similar meaning female important inadequate preferable
to the first.
1 While many people downplay the relevance
1 The festival concluded with a fireworks display,
of poetry in the modern world, I think it's
which was quite spectacular.
__________________________ that we have a
a) At the end of the festival there was a fairly connection with literature.
entertaining fireworks display.
2 We'd hoped to get tickets for the premiere of his
b) At the end of the festival there was an extremely latest film, but it sold out within seconds. We're
entertaining fireworks display. __________________________ that we'll miss it.
2 On the whole, I'd consider myself as quite a positive 3 I've often thought about eating there, but from what
individual. I've heard It's__________________________ . The level
a) I think of myself as being fairly positive. of service may not match the price tag.
b) I think of myself as extremely positive. A The poets on this term's reading list are
3 The facilities at the hotel were totally inadequate. __________________________ , which will make things
a) I'm rather disappointed that the facilities were interesting when assessing the role of gender and
below standard. language.
b) I'm extremely angry that the facilities were below 5 There's absolutely no point in trying to compare
standard. big studio blockbusters with authentic indie films,
A Despite there being a school nearby, it's a relatively they're ju st__________________________ .
quiet neighbourhood. 6 I thoroughly enjoyed the trek, but Mark
a) Although we live close to the school, it's always complained the whole time. His boots were
quiet round here. for the job, and he
b) Although we live close to the school, it's mostly ended up with blisters.
quiet round here. 7 I'm not really keen on going anywhere
5 Much to my amusement, the team failed to score In this weather, but heading out is
any goals. __________________________ to staying here.

a) I found It funny that the team lost. 8 Although she's never won a major award, she's
__________________________ by both critics and her
b) People laughed at me because the team lost.
peers.
VOCABULARY FUNCTION
TRAVEL TELLING ANECDOTES

Complete the text with the words in the box. Complete the story with the words and phrases in the
box.
authentic indigenous legendary
opulent panoramic soaring Funny I think it was It was one of those things some
tranquil turbulent sort of Strange stuff like that this was like (x2)
were like (x2) you know what I mean?

you should mention it, but that reminds

me of the time when a bunch of us were in Kurashiki. We'd
just finished cycling across the Kibi Plains, looking at the
different ancient temples and pagodas - you know all the
cultural2_____________ . Well, Marta was with us, and she
3_____________ 'When are we going to get something to
eat?' Marta's always hungry,4_________________
So, we wandered about these side streets looking for a
place to get something. I was up for getting sushi, but the
others5_____________ 'Can we have something a bit more
normal?' I think maybe we'd overdone the traditional food
thing. Anyway, after a while, we see6_____________ place
that does curry rice, things like that - a bit shabby looking,
but decent enough. So, we're looking at the menu in the
window and 7 young guy popped his head
out and 8_____________ 'Come in. Come in. Best curry in
Japan.' We all shuffled into this tiny room, which was darkly
lit and ridiculously overdecorated - pictures, posters,
The Tongariro Alpine Crossing musical instruments, hats, you name it. We were about
They call it New Zealand's greatest day walk, to leave, but the guy was so enthusiastic, that we just
and having completed the almost 20-kilometre couldn't. After we got the drinks in,9_____________ Paul
journey, I can see why. Despite the relatively short who asked what he'd recommend. So he goes, 'Flaming
length, the trek takes you up some pretty rugged pineapple curry.' So we 10_____________ 'Yeah, that sounds
terrain, with steep slopes and uneven surfaces good, something sweet and spicy. Can we get a couple?'
adding to the challenge. Not far beneath you We kept chatting, and then after a few minutes there's this
1_____________ forces of nature are shaping and 11 weird smell in the air, kind of sweet, kind of
shaking the landscape. Tongariro is a complex of acrid. Then smoke starts filling the room! We're panicking
multiple volcanic cones constructed over a period at this point, but then the guy walks in with a tray, and
of 275,000 years. White the last eruption of note plonks it down at the table. Two pineapple halves, full of
was in late 2012, wandering below2 curry. Leaves ablaze and smoke billowing about the place.
volcanic peaks can make you more than a little 12__________________________ you don't forget in a hurry!
apprehensive. But the risk, albeit negligible, is well 13_____________ , I can't remember actually eating any of it!
worth it. Once along the highest ridges there are
3_____________ views stretching out into the
distance - on a clear day you can even see as far as LEARN TO
Mount Taranaki. Yet it's not just about the heights.
USE ELLIPSIS
As you descend into the Central Crater you find the
4_____________ Emerald and Blue Lakes. These offer
a perfect place to stop and reflect on the power of 3 A Rewrite the conversation using ellipsis.
nature. One word of caution, though. The Blue Lake A: Did you read this review?
is, according to the 5______________Maori people, B: Yes, I did. I read it this morning.
a sacred site - so eating and drinking around its A: Have you ever seen any of his films?
shore is forbidden. B: Yes, I've seen a couple of them. They were brilliantly
The crossing has an almost6_____________ status shot, and very atmospheric.
among the trekking community. But in this case, it's A: Are they always subtitled?
definitely worthy of the praise. Time your trip right
B: No, not always, some of them are in English.
and you will certainly have an 7_____________
A: Are you going to see this one?
alpine walking experience. And once you finish?
Well, it depends on your budget, but we opted for B: I might do, but the plot sounds a bit predictable.
one night in a rather8 ______ hotel in nearby
B E 7.2 Listen and check.
Taupo with a very big bath to soak aching limbs.
VOCABULARY
IDIOMS FOR CHOICES

M a tc h t h e s e n te n c e h a lv e s .
1 There comes a point where you just can't sit on a) for choice. But in the end, we plumped for a red
2 I've been weighing up the options all day, but I one.
think I need to sleep b) dozen of the other. It'll cost me the same.
CHOICE

3 You just wouldn't believe the range. We were c) between handing in her notice or putting in a
spoilt complaint.
4 He's got no backbone; he just goes with the line d ) on it before I decide whether to take the job.
5 I'd like my daughter to study nearby, but e) two evils, and might make a difference in the end.
she's in a f ) quandary because her friends have opted to
6 Martin wasn't my choice, but to be honest he's study abroad.
the lesser of g ) the fence any longer. You've got to make a
7 I can call a taxi or just get the train. It's six of one, decision.
half a h) of least resistance. I wish he'd give his own
8 I don't think Martina knows what to do. She's torn opinions.

LISTENING
2 A What are some of the key decisions that people often need to make in life? Note down your ideas.

8.1 You are going to listen to five short extracts where people talk about decisions they have made.
For each speaker (1-5), look at the list of points in A-H below and decide what reason they give for making
the decision. For questions 6-10, decide from the points in A-H what each speaker gained from their
experience. Do both tasks at the same time while you listen.

C Listen again and check.

D Match the underlined words and phrases from the recording with the definitions a)-h).
Read the audio script on page 69 to help you.
1 studying fell by the wayside a) raised for discussion
2 There were a lot of lucrative contracts b) deal with something in a calm way
3 When 1broached the subject of transferring c) stopped being done
4 vou iust have to take that in your stride d ) skilled, proficient
5 a wedding would've blown our meagre savings e) well-paid
6 1feel more grounded f ) stable, settled
7 the kind of person who thrives on setting g ) inadequate, limited
themselves targets h) do well in a specific situation
8 it turns out that I'm quite adept
GRAMMAR VOCABULARY PLUS
UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX SENTENCES CONNOTATION

Write the complex sentences in the correct order. Add any Underline the best alternative to compete the
commas that are needed. conversations.
1 if recent reports can be trusted / the current government / 1 A: I thought you'd made your mind up that
which since the early 1990s / has had a detrimental you weren't going to take their offer?
impact / has decided to end its policy /on the funding of B: know, but they kept adding more
community services and more incentives. In the end, I just
a cquiesce d /b u ckle d /ca p itu la te d .
A: Have you met the new guy who works in
which have caused serious disruption / in recent weeks / the café?
are likely to continue / including Carlo Santi / the baggage B: Sam, isn't it? Seems nice, but not exactly
handler strikes / into the summer months / despite the a rtic u la te /g a rru lo u s /c h a tty . I couldn't get a
assurances / to travellers on a number of airlines / of many word out of him.
leading union representatives A: Have you thought about what you're
going to make the kids for dinner?
B: I'll probably keep it pretty simple - Chloe's
proportion of the population / seemingly insignificant really d is c e rn in g /fu s s y/fin ic k y about what
decisions / or which programme to stream next / among she eats.
a significant / can create a good deal of tension / which is 4 A: Look at this photo! What do you think of
difficult to alleviate / like what to make for dinner that suit?
B: Well, it might not be the most
contemporary look, but I think he's
in twentieth-century photojournalism / ranging from the in te llig e n t/m e ticu lo u s /w e ll-d re s s e d .
war photographers / such as Frank Capa / later this month / 5 A: So, we're at this café, and John's like 'Let's
a documentary / exploring some of the key moments / to go Dutch.' I mean, really.
social commentators like Mike Brodie / is scheduled to be B: Sounds like him, right enough. He never
broadcast offers to pay for anyone else; he's so n it
p ic k in g /n a s ty /s tin g y .
6 A: I'm really proud of her. She's done some
extraordinary work in her field.
Find examples of hidden relative clauses in the text. Then B: Absolutely, people consider her to be a
find places to add that or commas, and make any changes pioneer. She's truly c le v e r/g ifte d /s m a rt.
to form where needed. They won't give up, you know.
Several members of the fire and rescue service, (who were) You can say that again. They're
honoured for their role in rescuing the crew of a fishing d e te rm in e d /h e a d s tro n g /re s o lu te if nothing
vessel stranded on rocks near the remote Shiant Islands have else.
attended an award ceremony at Edinburgh Castle. Standing 8 A: She looks happy. Did she get top marks
outside the ceremony protesting against job losses scheduled again?
for this month a crowd of current and former servicemen
B: Of course. She's very p ro u d /se lf-a ss u re d /
and women including representatives from the Highlands
conceited and never seems to doubt her
demanded they should be given greater support to carry out
ability to succeed.
such dangerous work. The situation raises many questions
9 A: What did they think of your ideas, then?
facing rural and remote areas: Is it right we continue to
Any joy?
centralise such services when they are so obviously essential
B: Well, they liked the report due to all the
to the communities they protect?
detail. They said it was m e tic u lo u s /n it
p icking/system atic.
10 A: There's someone coming from head office
today to give us advice on updating our
systems.
B: Oh, that'll be interesting. They are fa m o u s /
ce le b ra te d /n o to rio u s for making change
m where none's needed.

' r u

m
VOCABULARY READING
WAYS OF READING
2A Does the writer feel that storytelling has a place in modern society?
Read the article and find out.
1. Complete the texts with the correct
form of the words and phrases in
the box.
We’ve probably all done it at some point in the past; head down,
cast an eye over dip into immersed and oblivious. The world around goes on and yet you are
flick through peruse lo st.. . within the pages of a book. It could even be argued that as we
plough through pore over read our identity is subsumed by that of the narrator.
read up on scrutinise
1_____________

Yet increasingly, this notion of the focused or transformed reader

Reading? I don't seem to do as much is under siege. Storytelling and reading have gone social, meaning
as I used to, unless you count1 that instead of immersion, interaction is the USR Over 50 percent
___________________________ the kids' of e-book buyers read stories on a smartphone, suggesting that
homework on a Sunday evening. disruption and interjection is very much part of the contemporary
In my teens though, I was an avid reading experience.
reader. I was really into fantasy
2__________
books; you know Game o f Thrones
and the like. Some of them were But as so many people are reading in this way, is it all bad? Perhaps
massive tomes, but I'd there are advantages to this new approach which will result in a
2___________________________ a divergent creativity that, while not quite mirroring the pull of the
couple each month. That's the novel, engenders something else. Reading on the internet as part of
difference that parenthood brings. a broader community renders you a participant in a kind of shared
B digital consciousness.
Mainly on holiday, that's when I 3_____________
tend to read the most. I'll just
3___________________________ a Social reading, as the process is dubbed, is a synchronous reading
couple of the bestsellers at the practice where readers in diverse settings can simultaneously engage
airport and choose whatever with a text. This often happens in real time, with readers reading,
piques my interest. I'm not commenting on content, responding to others’ comments and
really the biggest reader. I'll contributing to the development of a narrative.
4__________________________ the 4___________
same novel for about six months.
My girlfriend's the opposite though, These conversations occur directly inside the document or book,
but she loves non-fiction. She's in its margins and even within the text itself, enabling readers to
always 5__________________________ simultaneously engage with the book in real time by highlighting,
politics and history. She's the same underlining and discussing the content on the pages themselves.
when we visit somewhere; she'll Contributions can include written text, audio and video, ensuring
6__________________________ all the that the full panoply of digital delivery is realised.
information In a museum or gallery, 5_____________
whereas I like to just look quickly at
things. It may well be that new kinds of open-ended, continuous, serial
C stories that transform readers into writers who are collaborating on
and contributing to the story are the end result of social reading.
I love reading all kinds of things -
Perhaps a new genre will be created, much in the way that the
fiction, non-fiction. The last thing I
mechanised printing press allowed for the rise of the novel. Whatever
read wasn't a book though; it was
the outcome, it seems that the idea of a pensive voice in your head
a contract for a new car. You really
could be displaced by a clamouring mass of creatives.
have t o 7__________________________
those things - there's so much
small print. I was casually
Read the article again. Five paragraphs have been removed. Match A-F
8___________________________ the
with gaps 1-5. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need.
first page when I found a couple of
points that needed clarifying, so I'm A However, the practice shouldn't be misconstrued as just another forum for
glad I did take my time. feedback, or conflated with standardised online commenting practices.
True social reading isn't just an exercise in below-the-line badinage.
B According to some neuroscientists, reading on a digital device tends to
shift focus towards concrete details, and away from abstract inference
and higher level interpretation. They argue that digital devices inhibit
deep reading.
C This is envisaged as a hive of interactivity where storyteller, Circle the correct options to compete the
reader, critic and editor are all blended into one amorphous article.
creative mass. Instead of disappearing into a text, the
reader will be able to assert themselves upon the creative •• ?
process, shaping stories and the way they are read.
D Recent research would also suggest that is the case.
While many people will be aw are1 the
Psychologists such as Raymond Mar, of York University,
have shown via MRI scans that as we read parts of our growing trend in readers downloading pirated
brains light as though we were physically and mentally e-books, and the accompanying decline
experiencing the same events as a protagonist. 2 physical book sales, they might not
E We are seeing the evolution of the démocratisation of have thought3 the implications for
publishing, as there is greater access to online publishing authors and the publishing industry in general.
tools and social media networks. Yet this process of According to recent figures from the Intellectual
démocratisation doesn't necessarily herald an influx of Property Office, 17 percent of e-books
creative works that demand our attention. Quality, it would read online are pirated, which accounts for
seem, is variable in this brave new world. approximately 4 million books. This may be
F As social reading platforms and services continue to evolve, indicative4 a mindset that anything
better and more refined features wiii be offered that available online should be fair game, but
wiii further improve this reading practice. For example,
whatever the reasons5 pirating material,
specialised commentary and reai-time contributions from
it is affecting authors' ability to produce new
authors themselves or live author readings of the book
material. Several prominent authors have
taking place inside the document or book itself.
spoken out on social media to explain the
Find words or phrases in the main part of the text that likelihood6______ ongoing series being left
match the definitions. incomplete since publishers are forced to
1 included or absorbed into something else (para 1) terminate contracts due to poor sales. At the
2 an abrupt aside (para 2) same time, they are conscious7 vast
3 being surrounded (para 2) numbers of pirated copies being exchanged
4 tending to be different (para 3) online. Creative industries have a reliance
5 occuring at the same time (para 4) 8______ engagement with their audience, yet
6 named (para 4) when a title is pirated the signal given to the
market is that nobody cares sufficiently to buy
7 extensive or impressive collection (para 5)
or borrow the material. While fans might insist
8 thoughtful (para 6)
9______ their devotion to a particular title or
character, if this interest isn't translated into
GRAMMAR actual sales, then the writing stops. W hat is
needed is the shift in understanding which has
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
occurred in the film and music industries. Once
fans decid e10_____ reading a pirated version,
Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
in favour of buying a book in whichever format
1 Opposition politicians expressed their anger a t/w ith the
they prefer, they are making a statement about
government's decision to support the ban.
their support for artistic expression.
2 If you decide a g a in s t/a b o u t going out for dinner, you're
welcome to eat with us.
3 I was very sceptical about their story, but after mulling it
over I'm convinced o f/b y the truth of their account.
1 a) at b) in c) of
4 I'm amazed a b o u t/b y the total ignorance shown by some
2 a) for b) in c) with
so-calied experts.
3 a) against b) about c) around
5 Most people are upset a b o u t/w ith the way that the
4 a) of b) on c) in
situation has been handled.
5 a) about b) for c) with
6 Isn't it normal in /fo r your parents to be involved in this kind
of decision? 6 a) of b) on c) for
7 It seems like they are terrified a b o u t/o f making a 7 a) at b) of c) on
suggestion that will upset anyone. 8 a) about b) in c) on
8 You needn't have any regrets fo r/a b o u t changing your 9 a) at b) on C) with
mind. I would have done the same. 10 a) against b) around C) about
9 It's been increasingly difficult to believe fo r/in anything
that they are publishing, online.
10 I don't feel confident a b o u t/in criticising her decision.
Read the introduction and conclusion
paragraphs to the essay. Match each
FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY; LEARN TO WRITE AN sentence 1-5 to a function a)-e).
INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION

5 A Read the title and main body of a for and against essay. W ithin educational institutions
Which of the ideas in the notes below have been used? students are spending an increasing
amount of time developing digital
T he o n ly w a y for a m o d e m classroom to b e a skills like coding. 2This seems to be
m ea n in g fu l lea rn in g en v iro n m en t is for it to a logical response to the pervasive
prom ote d ig ita l sk ills a b o v e a ll others. nature of technology in our lives, and
the demands created by the fourth
industrial revolution. 3So, should
£er digital skills be promoted above
1 Addresses a range o f learning styles all others in an attempt to address
a Reconfigures the learning mode! technological need?
3 Prepares students f o r fu tu re
A Encourages greater responsibilitY 4In conclusion, the importance of
S' Matches current expectations maintaining a flexible education
that promotes critical thinking and
creativity outweighs the need to
Against.
deliver a purely digital approach to
1 O ffers too great a distraction learning. 5In my view, there needs to
a Disparity o f access o u t o f class be a balance within education, and
3 Digital skills are n o t only necessity f o r fu tu re digital skills cannot be promoted above
A Privacy all others.
S' Creates an overdependence

a) Connect with the audience by using an

example relevant to them and the topic.
On the one hand, when working online, students tend b) State the dilemma, either as an indirect or
to pick up on transferable technological skills that will a rhetorical question.
have long-term benefits. Learning to manage files, use a c) Summarise broadly the two sides of the
range of software packages and code provides a strong argument, making your position clear.
foundation for the demand created by the pervasive d) Comment on the example.
use of emergent technologies. Furthermore, integrating e) Make a clear statement of your opinion.
technology into education ensures that students stay
engaged with the learning experience. Millennials exist C Match the linking devices in bold in the
in a world that is immersed in technology, so aligning texts to their function.
the classroom with this world makes sense. Contrastive:________________________________
It also dismantles the traditional passive learning
Additive: _
model. Students are required to interact as they
Exemplifying:______________________________
navigate new processes, and teachers take on a role
which involves encouraging, advising and coaching. Cause-effect / Reason:______________________
Other: ____________
Conversely, it could be argued that the essential skills
that are needed in the future are not technologically D Write a for and against essay on the
centred. With the growing prevalence of AI, much following topic. Use some of the ideas from
software-based work will be undertaken by machines. this unit to help you.
Therefore, skills essential for success may become
creativity and critical thinking. Technology may
well offer limited engagement with these important T he o n ly w a y for a m od ern
areas since many current digital learning tools are lea rn in g en v iro n m en t to b e
restricted in creative scope. Despite the falling costs su ccessfu l is to g iv e stu d en ts the
of technology, it is also important to recognise that ch oice o f how , w h ere and w h e n
parity of access hasn't yet been achieved. Finally, giving th ey study.
precedence to digital skills creates a sense that students
should use these as a default when approaching a task
or problem. However, when students' initial response
is to immediately use a tool such as Google to find out
something, their cognitive faculties may be reduced.
VOCABULARY Underline the correct alternative to
WILDLIFE complete the sentences.
1 I always value your opinions, so how do
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and you see/view this?
phrases in the box. 2 You get fined for littering. Why s h o u ld /w ill
it be any different for not recycling?
animals animal lover conservationist cull hunt 3 That's a very keen observation. No one
livestock lone wolf migrate pack predator prey roam m ig h t/w o u ld disagree with that.
4 To be quite honest, that doesn't surprise
1 Several years ago, a group of campaigned to
me in the least/less.
protect the wetland area from development and so they safe
guarded a number of species. 5 Welt, supposing/supposedly so, but look at
all the facts.
2 Supporters of the réintroduction of the elephant stress that
it's important they are allowed to _____________ free wherever
possible.
3 As an apex_____________ , the European wolf plays a vital role
LEARN TO
in managing the ecosystem. HEDGE AN OPINION
4 During the harshest winter months, large herds of deer
_____________ to areas where there is less snow cover. 4 A Put the underlined words in the correct
5 If the population grows too large, the landowners organise a order to complete the conversation.
_____________ to ensure a balance is restored. A: Have you heard about these plans to
6 One argument cited by many local farmers is that repopulating stop prescribing antibiotics for common
the area with wolves could threaten their_____________ . illnesses?
7 Although I'm fond of most_______ _, there are a few that B: Yeah, there was something on the
I'd exercise caution around. radio about it last week. Sounded quite
8 It's fascinating to watch a ________ of wild dogs stalking interesting. The GP who was on said that
their limiting prescriptions could have a reaily
9 She's always been a real . I think she was positive effect on tackling drug-resistant
inspired by all those documentaries she watched as a child. superbugs.
10 The female group were closing in on a young buffalo when A: Hmm. 'Well, but no I'm expert think I it's
their was disrupted by an opportunistic important that any risks are properly
assessed before they make a big decision
like that.
B: Reaily? What kind of risks could there
FUNCTION possibly be? GPs aren't exactly renowned
for doing anything that wiii endanger
GIVING OPINIONS patients.
A: What about kids and elderly people
Correct the mistakes in the conversations. though? They have a tough enough time
1 A: So what are you taking on this? as it is without succumbing to every bug
B: Weii, i agree in principle, but I think we need a bit more that's doing the rounds.
detail. B: 2feels maybe like but it's it me just dangers
are always exaggerated. They're only
2 A: What's your view? talking about stopping dishing out piils for
B: I'm really against any shape of animal abuse. And that's minor coughs and coids.
how i see zoos. A: Well, I don't think people are ready for it
yet. 3guessing that I'm a young parent with
sick kids is going to feel very differently!
3 A: In that response I'm total with you.
What if they were denied treatment?
B: Yes, it's a very compelling argument.
B: Listen, I don't reaiiy think it's an issue.
We've got to move with the times. Think
4 A: I think that the latest legislation wiii go a long way to
of the inordinate expense to the health
solving the problem.
services, and what'll happen when first-
B: Reaily? I'd show surprise if that's the case. line antibiotics stop being effective.
A: Well, ^things are some there I agree with
5 A: Have you read the report in the paper? They reckon that but think that I just this is probably a
things'ii change. step too far.
B: On facing it, it seems that'll happen, but we'ii see, won't we?
B Q3 8.2 Listen and check.
R4 R E V IE W 4: UNITS 7-8

GRAMMAR S U B J U N C T IV E bear a grudge clicked straightaway didn't take

forgive easily meet people halfway put a strain on
Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 what may, your job here is safe. B If there's one thing guaranteed to
5__________________________ any relationship,
a) To come b) Come c) Comes
it's sharing a flat. When I started living here I
2 We were anxious that everyone the
6__________________________ with Tanya - we'd
information at the same time.
cook meals together, watch TV, hang out. Sadly, I
a) received b) receive c) receiving 7___________________________ to Clyde. I've always felt
3 If be we can change our appointment for that it's important t o 8__________________________ ,
later. but with him there was never any compromise. And
a) need b) needed c) needs he used to drink all the milk without getting his
4 It would be better If the meeting postponed own! Anyway, he's moving out pretty soon, so I'm
until next week. happy about that. The only problem is, Tanya's going
a) were b) wilt be c) is with him ...
5 The WHO requested that the government its authentic indigenous panoramic soaring
current policy. tranquil turbulent
a) amending b) amend c) will amend
6 If the tickets___ cheaper, we wouldhave flown C She reckons it's probably the most
fist class. 9__________________________ travel experience you
a) had been b) were c) are can have these days. Says it's a million miles away
7 The council ruled that the restaurant______ closed from the all-inclusive, sun and sand deals that most
immediately. people do. Something a bit different; you meet
10___________________________ people, and enjoy
a) was b) is c) be
a more laid-back,11__________________________
8 It Is very important that the new information______
existence high in the 12__________________________
taken into account.
peaks of Bhutan. A panacea to modern life, pure
a) are b) be c) were relaxation. Not for me though. When I saw the price,
9 Suffice we were all very surprised by the I nearly had a f i t ...
news of their break-up.
a) say b) says c) to say
GRAMMAR A D V E R B IA L S
10 Far for me to tell you what to do, but I've
never liked the guy.
Rewrite the sentences using the word given.
a) be it b) Is it c) it is
1 You might be surpised by the news, but I'm leaving
home. BELIEVE
VOCABULARY R E V IE W I
Difficult_________________________________________ ,
I'm leaving home.
Complete the texts with the words in the boxes. Two 2 I found it so funny when he said he was a poet.
words in each box are not needed. AMUSEMENT
chick flicks female protagonist flashbacks
formulaic plotlines heist movies plot twist he told me he was a poet.
3 They were devastated when they heard you weren't
A What I can't understand is the ongoing appeal coming. UTTERLY
of these superhero blockbusters. OK, everyone Your news_______________________________________
likes a bit of popcorn fodder, but the for them.
1__________________________ are so mind-numbing. 4 We all know what went wrong. It pains us. AWARE
A bunch of disparate people with extraordinary
W e ______________________________________________
powers band together to save the planet - and
what went wrong.
previously hostile human Inhabitants - from
5 You should definitely watch the film - it's incredible.
a vague threat. And because all the films are
THOROUGHLY
interconnected you get these Infuriating
2__________________________ to what's gone
I_________________________________________
the film. You'll love it.
on before. It's all a bit testosterone driven, too.
It'd be nice to see more blockbusters with a 6 We had to let her go, although we were reluctant.
3__________________________ Instead of them making RELUCTANCE
up the numbers, or being the love interest. But I'm
not interested in flaky4__________________________ we let her go.
either - 1want female characters who do more than
go shopping or cry over a crush.
R E V IE W 4: UNITS 7-8 R4

V O C A B U L A R Y PLUS ADVERB-ADJECTIVE VOCABULARY R E V IE W 2

C O L L O C A T IO N S
6 Complete the text with the words and phrases in
Underline the correct alternatives. the box.
They were b itte rly /h o p e le s s ly disappointed not to cull dip into migrate pack pore over
win a prize. scrutinise sit on the fence spoilt for choice
Did you see those shoes? P re d o m in a n tly /P ro h ib itiv e ly torn between weighing up the options
expensive, but so tempting.
Doctor Moore? Oh yes, he's g re a tly /fu n d a m e n ta lly As a new generation of poets
admired in the profession. from traditional publishing models, readers are
I think we should fly; it's v ita lly /in fin ite ly preferable 2__________________________ . New and engaging works
to taking the train. are available on Instagram and Tumblr, ensuring that
Have you met his sister? She's lovely, but p a in fu lly / social media helps bring the medium to the literary
o bviously shy. fore. The more creative poets distinguish themselves
from th e 3___________________________ by embedding
It's g re a tly /h ig h ly unlikely that you'll get there on
video, music and newsfeeds into their material.
time.
These changes return the medium to the everyday.
Do you know him? He seems va g u e ly /c le a rly familiar.
People that may have never considered taking the
I p e rfe c tly /d is tin c tly remember you locking the door
time t o * a book of
before we left.
poetry will now actively seek it out. Fans love to
It's u tte rly /v ita lly important that I speak to someone 5___________________________ new texts, offering
in authority. comment and creating a community of dedicated
10 I think that the problem is in e xtric a b ly/u n e x p e c te d ly readers. And social media publishing circumvents
linked to childhood trauma. an industry which historically lacks diversity, failing
to give many poets a voice.6______________________
silence and compromise, they have chosen their
FUNCTION T E L L IN G A N E C D O T E S
own route to publication. However, there is one issue
I simply can't7___________________________ about.
Complete the conversations with the words and
Traditional filters on quality are lost, allowing an
phrases in the box.
abundance of mediocrity. If you take time to
funny I think it was It was one of those things 8__________________________ many internet poets
some strange was like were like in great detail, they offer a string of cliches, albeit
you know what I mean offset with some artistic flair. Perhaps the burgeoning
genre could do with a 9__________________________
1 A; Ah, mate! What a night! We hit downtown and to ensure only the strongest poets thrive, but
partied hard. 10 that would seem counter-
B: __________________________ , nobody told me. productive in a developing art form that celebrates
I wasn't invited! access and engagement.
2 A; So, tell me, heard any gossip from the party?
B: Well, someone, Sarah, maybe? GRAMMAR U N D E R S T A N D IN G C O M P L E X
___________________________ Sarah, poured her SENTENCES
drink over this guy's head.
3 A: What happened to you? Rewrite the notes into one sentence using all you
B: There I was, minding my own business, and know about building complex sentences. Don't use
__________________________ bloke punched me! relative pronouns. Start with 'According to ...'.
4 A: __________________________ . Why would anyone
do that? N u m e ro u s s t a l e s U>oteed at w hat p o p l a r a n d c o m m e r c ia lly
B; Well, I did ask his girlfriend for her phone number. su c c e ssfu l f ilm s Viave I n c o m m o n .
5 A: So, I'm halfway up the ladder, trying to look brave,
-me stu.di.es focused on hi.gh-i-w.pact releases,
i t . film s which are:
B: Ha,ha, bet you were petrified. What happened
• designed to be viewed on the largest s c re e n available
then?
• marketed heavily In advance of release
6 A: So, I __________________________ , there's no way
you can wear that! . aren 't u n d u ly affected by poorpress reviews
B: Yeah, yeah, and we These studies showed th a t hlgh-ewpact releases-.
nah, you look great, put it on! • tend to be focused on a lim ited range of genre
7 A: Did he do the karaoke in the end? (e.g. heist movies, chlcte flick s)
B: Oh yeah.___________________________ I won't • are wore likely to feature recog wised A-Usters
forget in a hurry. . ten d to be referenced v isu ally or In dialogue by other film s

m
f
R4 R E V IE W 4: UNITS 7-8

VOCABULARY PLUS CONNOTATION GRAMMAR PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

8 Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct Complete the texts with the correct prepositions.
word or phrase. A To be totally honest, I've been aware 1______
1 articulate /garrulous the marked decline ‘ quality for years.
a) She's one of the most_____________ people I've Libraries used to be somewhere that offered a bit
ever met. She can put herself across very well. of sanctuary, now they will insist3 making
b) He's a nice enough person, but a bit___________ everything interactive and appealing to youth. I can
- he never really knows when to keep quiet. understand their reasons4 wanting to get
more people using the facility, but surely this over-
2 capitulated / buckled
rellance5 technology is going a bit far. It's not
a) The team played well for the first twenty minutes,
a 'digital hub', it's a library! I'm conscious6 the
but finally_____________ under pressure.
fact that this'll make me sound old-fashioned, but
b) Emerson eventually when Dryer
what's wrong with upholding traditional values? I
had him in checkmate. It was a fascinating chess
think it's indicative 7 a wider policy to get rid
tournament.
of physical spaces that the community can use. The
3 famous/celebrated likehood 8 this place being open next year is
a) She's one of Bollywood's most_____________ minimal.
actors, with a slew of awards to her name. B Some people are just terrified9 change, if
b) You really ought to visit this most_____________ you ask me. I mean, it's totally normal10 other
example of Moorish architecture in the region. services to move with the times, so why not libraries,
4 nit-picking/systematic too? Sadly a few of our older patrons are convinced
a) They are always over tiny details. 11 the fact that we're getting mothballed by
I'm not sure If we'll ever finish the report. the council. That's definitely not the case. I've been
b) Police organised a _____________ search of the amazed 12 some of the vitriol my staff have
surrounding area, but to no avail. had to face. I know when people are upset13______
5 self-assured / proud something they tend to be quite frank, but there's
no need for aggression. We had thought14______
a) My niece is a ____________ teenager who always
holding an open day to discuss some of the main
seems to know best,
issues, but I think that could do more harm than
b) She's th e _________ owner of a beautifully
good. We have decided 15 installing quite
reconditioned Norton motorbike.
so many computer terminals though, following
6 determined / resolute feedback. It's Important that students don't develop
a) A political giant, he was_________ in his fight too great a reliance 16 the web for their
for equality. assignments.
b) I'm _____________ to be heard. This campaign is
not going to end.
7 smart/well-dressed
FUNCTION G IVIN G O PIN IO N S

a) Oh, you look_______ J Are you going

somewhere nice for dinner?
1 0 a Put the underlined words in the correct order.
b) There's a tall,____________ young man waiting at a) your/what's/view?
the door. Can't be for you, can it? b) surprised / really / be / I'd / that's / case / if / the.
8 mean / nasty c) face / on / it / the / of, it seems possible. It's not
a) Some of the kids have been quite___________ well-attended.
and not let anyone play with them. d) respect / that / I'm / you / totally / in / with.
b) She's got a ___________ temper. You want to e) what's / on / this / your / take / so?
watch you don't upset her.
B Complete the conversations with the sentences
9 picky /discerning
from
a) It's the kind of place that attracts an exceptionally
clientele. 1 A:

b) They are so ________ about what to eat. B:

10 gifted /smart 2 A;

a) So, you think you're_________ , do you? B:

Answer this then. 3 A:
b) Katie's daughter Is incredibly . She's B:
already been selected for the junior choir. 4 A:
B: Yes, you can't really argue against that, can you?
5 A: Do you think they'll decide to close the school?
B : ______________________________________________
REVIEW 4: UNITS 7-8 R4

CHECK
Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 There was an unexpected that had the 16 The trouble with you is that you've been spoilt for
audience reeling.
a) flashback b) plotline c) plot twist a) choice b) choose c) choices
2 I think I've seen this before. The , she's not 17 Well. I'm not sold on it, but it's the lesser of two
well-known, is she?
a) A-iister b) female protagonist a) fences b) paths c) evils
c) supporting cast 18 Don't decide now, just sleep__ it.
3 I rather you didn't do that. a) with b) on c) over
a) could b) should c) would 19 Oh, your little boy is ever so __ .Three, isn't he?
4 It has______ said he get's things done quickly, a) articulate b) chatty c) garrulous
doesn't he? 20 It says here he was one of America's most______
a) be b) to be c) been and violent gangsters.
5 He requested his ashes_______ scattered on this a) celebrated b) famous c) notorious
beach. 21 Could you _______ over this? I don't want to make
a) are b) were c) be any mistakes.
6 I'm not one to a grudge. Come on, give me a a) cast an eye b) flick through c) read up on
hug. 22 The guy at border control really my
a) strain b) bear c) stable paperwork.
7 We're______ friendly terms these days, at least. a) perused b) dipped into c) scrutinised
a) on b) of c) in 23 They decided going in the end as it was so
8 I really didn't take him when we first met. expensive.
a) from b) with c) to a) for b) against c) with
9 They've made a promising start to the 24 I'm just petrified making some kind of faux
match. pas.
a) fair b) fairly c) widely a) of b) about c) in
10 They were knowledgable about the topic but 25 The decline fish stocks has worried
couid do with updating their research. environmentalists,
a) relatively b) very c) really a) of b) on c) in
11 Her class this term is female. 26 Thousands of zebra__ through the valley each
a) bitterly b) infinitely c) predominantly summer.
12 He's inadequate for the task in hand. a) hunt b) pack c) migrate
a) helplessly b) hopelessly c) hopefully 27 Farmers are concerned about the ill-health of their
13 We met people from one of the three_______tribes
on the island. a) prey b) livestock c) animals
a) authentic b) opulent c) indigenous 28 A well-known , he was awarded for his work
14 They lived here during the revolution._______ times, protecting dolphins.
those were. a) predator b) animai iover c) conservationist
a) Legendary b) Turbulent c) Soaring 29 How do you this issue?
15 I asked her on a date and she like, 'Really? a) see b) view c) find
No, chance.' 30 I think that the policy will go a long to
a) were b) be c) was solving the problem,
a) route b) path c) way

RESULT /3 0
AUDIO SCRIPTS

UNIT 1 R ecording 1 cost-effective substance known as keen to help, but it's about trial and error
perovskite. The material is made from really. Provided that you are willing to
We live in a time of big challenges, but two cheap and readily abundant salts keep it up.
also of huge opportunities. As emergent which are mixed to make an ink that can
technologies continue to improve, a Extract 2
be pressed into very thin film. Unlike
new generation of designers, innovators There are times when I feel you're
conventional solar panels, the resulting
and pioneers is addressing the pressing derided for pointing out the importance
conductors will be so light that they can
issues of the day through game- of creative expression. I know that the
easily be transported into areas of the
changing technology. emphasis for everyone is numeracy and
developing world which are currently
Talib Alhinai is one such pioneer. Working literacy - this current obsession with
energy deficient. Akin to Alhinai's drones,
in the field of aerial robotics, he has assessment has done that. But it's quite
they can be rapidly deployed to provide
designed a prototype for a flying robot naïve to think that learning to play the
aid in disaster zones. Furthermore,
which can be used to build structures. guitar, or paint o r ... or draw, doesn't
perovskite can be tinted to allow this
Given the right development, these have any inherent value as part of a
source of renewable energy to have an
autonomous flying robots could have mainstream curriculum. It wasn't that
aesthetic and functional appeal. Future
a profound effect on both construction long ago that nearly everyone would
skyscrapers could be coated in varying
and space travel. The devices, very have some access to the arts at school. I
hues of perovskite, offering an attractive
similar to drones, are capable of wouldn't want to cast aspersions on head
integration of solar cell technology into
printing structures in 3D while in flight. teachers, because they're just trying
architectural projects. It is hoped that
The potential applications for the to get on with limited resources. But
this application encourages considerable
technology include disaster relief, where the government is totally misguided in
investment into a substance that could
drones could work together to 3D print cutting back on itinerant teachers who
transform our environment for good.
temporary shelters using local materials. offer art or music lessons. You've got to
Within more standard construction, the think about education holistically - not
drones could be assigned tasks currently UNIT 1 R ecording 2 everyone's going to be an academic
deemed too dangerous for human Another illustration of this, is the number success, but they may well show creative
builders, thereby reducing the incidence of people between the ages of eighteen talents. I'm frustrated that kids have
of workplace accidents. And in the future, and twenty-five who applied for tax relief, such limited access to my lessons. I get
the technology may be used to construct but who, as it happened, hadn't paid any a big buzz when I first get the chance
habitats when colonising other planets. tax. to play with teenagers who may never
Conventional wisdom says that the risks have picked up an instrument. So often
of colonising somewhere like Mars are they are tentative to begin with, but
UNIT 1 R ecording 3 then really take to it. All the attitude
too great, but Alhinai's design could
provide a solution which would rewrite Does it really matter whether businesses drops away, and they just start having
the rulebook. have a social agenda, as long as they are fun. Surely that's a valuable learning
benefiting the economy? Many people experience?
Sometimes, the need for innovation
can be closer to home. For example, in may believe that, in an increasingly
our kitchens. Approximately one third globalised world, we should be more UNIT 2 R ecording 2
of the food products produced for philanthropic, that is, caring. However,
there's no point in speaking of doing I = Interviewer A =Andrea
mass consumption worldwide, that's 1.3
billion tons, is disposed of without being this, if nobody's quality of life improves, I: So, Andrea, you're a graduate, and up
consumed. One reason is that the expiry is there? until recently had been undergoing
date printed on food labels discourages teacher training. I understand that
consumers from buying products, and UNIT 2 after some deliberation you've chosen
this has a direct economic impact on not to pursue that career. Can you give
producers, who end up throwing away Extract 1 us a bit of an insight into some of the
16 percent of their stock before it has So, I've been doing this pottery course challenges you see in the profession? I
actually gone bad. Solveiga Pakstaite at a local community centre for the past mean, what informed your decision?
developed Mimica Touch to address that few months. It's just a small group of us A: Well, if you took at the statistics,
issue. Mimica Touch is a multilayer food at the moment - when we started, there it's fairly obvious that the current
label, comprised of a layer of plastic, were quite a number of participants, workload is problematic for teachers
followed by a layer of gelatin, another but over time numbers have dwindled. here in the UK.
layer of plastic with protuberances and a Not that that's a bad thing - it certainly I: Could you elaborate on that? Many
final, smooth layer of plastic. As the food means that I've had more opportunity to listeners will assume that teachers
changes in chemical composition, the grill the instructor, Robin, about different have a pretty good deal, in terms of
gelatin reacts. While the label remains techniques. As a free-time activity it's not paid holidays, working conditions ...
smooth to the touch, the food product exactly cheap, but then I think when you A: Well, it's interesting that you
within is still good, and when bumps take into account the materials that are mention working conditions. I think
become detectable this indicates that required each week, and the cost of firing it's important that we see teaching
the food product has gone bad. This pots, it feels about right. One drawback as a bit more than classroom-
could be a major breakthrough in food is that a community centre ought to be focused time. I think there's too
sustainability, and mean that the days hosting courses that are readily within great an emphasis on that, and
of throwing out still-fresh produce could the budget of people living in the little on seeing the profession as
be over. area. Having said that, seniors and the a place where ongoing intellectual
Another innovator with an eye on unemployed are subsidised. One thing development is encouraged. That's
environmental sustainability is materials I'd certainly take from it is that you're not mirrored elsewhere.
scientist Sam Stranks. Fie and a team not going to become accomplished
I: How so?
based at MIT have been developing overnight. I've probably thrown more
A: Well, if you look at the OECD statistics,
lightweight, efficient and malleable bad pots than good - but how else are
you'll soon see that teachers in
solar conductors from a man-made, you going to learn? The instructors are
England spend far more time teaching
than their peers globally. I think it's
817 hours compared to an average of forms, students are being offered the learnt from the staff here, who are all
704 hours. opportunity to prepare task-focused so supportive. They've got a positive
I: And what kind of difference does that work which highlights their learning. mindset, which I think filters down
make to teaching? A: Could you elaborate on that? from the management's ethos. That
A: Well, a lot has to do with B: Well, the idea is that they work approach has given me the kind of
opportunities to develop new ideas together to make or develop boost I needed. I've got a renewed
or resources, or even deepening something which can show teachers sense of optimism in what I do.
knowledge of subject matter. In Japan, what they've picked up during the 2 Travel time was probably one of the
secondary teachers spend 32 percent academic year. most important criteria for me. It's
of their time at work in the classroom. easy to say that you're flexible, but
2
That's 610 hours a year. For the rest of when you're commuting several hours
A: Tony, you mentioned schools a day for an unpaid internship, it's
that time they have opportunities for
specialising in one particular medium. not cost-effective. I need as much as
professional development...
Could you explore that further? I can just to keep afloat, living here.
I: And you think that's lacking here in
B: Sure, there are situations where When I saw this post, I was ecstatic.
the UK?
schools have developed partnerships Within walking distance of the college,
A: I think that the profession is certainly
with professionals in the creative so I can keep up with my studies and
less intellectually attractive to
industries to push a broader skills make tutorials when I need to. So far,
graduates. People want to take on a
base. For instance, collaborating with the balance between academia and
role that will develop over time. You
a local radio station or gallery. work has been manageable. There are
can't have a specialisation if you aren't
A: I can imagine that working. Students a couple of other interns with similar
given the opportunity to explore your
could get a lot out of that. research goals, too. It's been good
field, and learn, too.
B: Yeah, and it ties into a lot of subject to make a connection with them. I
I: But don't teachers already get
areas - the arts, communication, suppose it's allowed me to branch out
professional development time?
ITC ... a bit.
A: I think that what tends to happen is
3 This has been a real eye-opener for
that any time out of the classroom is
IIK IIf r 'B R ecording 4 me. The pace is relentless, and the
quickly taken up with administrative
expectation to succeed is constantly
tasks.
1 high. It can be stressful, especially
I: And what would you prefer to see? as so much of what you do is results
A: Did you want to add anything, Kate?
A: Well, good teaching, and as an driven, but it's given me such a buzz
B: Yes, actually, I was wondering if you'd
extension good education, is all about and I know it's where I want to be
read the report on forest schools.
collaboration and communication. career-wise. You need to understand
If teachers could spend more time 2 the markets from a global perspective,
working with colleagues, observing A: The main reason that the attainment and that's where they are particularly
other teachers' classrooms, preparing gap is growing is lack of training. strong here, especially as they operate
materials collectively, and even B: Can I make a comment about that? in so many different places. I've learnt
working with parents, that would a lot about working across time zones
3
make a tremendous difference to the and some of the nuances of different
role. A: Substantially less is spent on teacher
working cultures. That's bound to
training than in the past.
I: Does that happen elsewhere? help, going forward. If they offered me
B: I think we might be digressing ... a permanent post here tomorrow, I
A: Well, it's certainly something that
seems to go on in the highest 4 doubt I'd take it. But I do know that it's
performing education systems - A: Can I just wrap up what I was saying? given me a taste for this kind of work.
Japan, South Korea, Finland. Teachers B: OK, but can you make it a quick point? 4 I was initially looking for something
have more time to engage with that tied in with my degree, but
one another and to build better 5 that was proving pretty difficult.
working practices. A: Well, I'm not convinced myself, Fortunately, a friend of mine saw this
I: Are there any other areas that you I think ... post advertised and said I should
feel need to be addressed? To make B: Can we just hear what Paul wanted to consider it. I'm glad I did. They are
the profession more attractive say? doing some incredibly innovative
for graduates? 6 things in terms of research and
A: Alongside making it intellectually development. It's beyond anything
A: Look, there's a video about it online.
attractive, it has to be financially I've read about elsewhere. It's
I'll show you ...
rewarding, too. Sadly, teaching rewarding to be in a place where
B: We're pressed for time, so let's move
salaries have been declining in real people aren't risk averse, and want
on.
terms for some time. to be at the forefront of change.
The next project is focusing on the
U K IH c » R ecording 1 use of microprocessors in wearable
UNIT 2 R ecording 3 technology. That is something I've
1 I've always been interested in doing
considered while studying, so it'll be
something in the field, but it's
interesting to test some assumptions.
A: So, our task today is to discuss increasingly challenging to find real,
creative approaches to educational meaningful work experience when 5 I'd been studying abroad on an
improvement. Who'd like to kick this 'internship' is often just a euphemism exchange when this cropped up. One
one off? Sally? for office dogsbody. I'm not averse to of the tutors had been instrumental
hard work, but it certainly has to be in getting the project up and running.
B: Yeah, sure. Well, I've been looking
something that is going to benefit I think it's in its fourth year now. It's
at some of the ways attainment is
me in the long run. This post has that. hard to get a post on something
being addressed at primary levels.
There's a tremendous amount to be like this, so I've been lucky. There
Rather than traditional testing
are obvious challenges, with cultural
AUDIO SCRIPTS

barriers and colleagues occasionally to emulate, and be rewarded for this, is UNITA R ecording 2
having unrealistic expectations of my strong. Continued positive modelling,
1 Not only is the car economical, it's
abilities. But all in all, working with which is copied and rewarded, leads to
stylish, too.
wildlife is something you don't get a sense of reinforcement. And that is
to do very often. Here on the reserve when a powerful role model can have a 2 Who wouldn’t want a deal like that?
things can be tough, but you work profound effect on long-term attitudes 3 Under pressure stay cool, calm and
through it. I think that it makes you and aspirations. collected.
value the importance of being part of Culturally, we are faced with a broader 4 To be successful, you need to work
something bigger. range of prospective role models than hard and play harder.
ever before - especially as we reside in 5 'We love being part of the team.
an age where online media thrives on Join us.'
UNIT 3 R ecording 2
the fascination for constant updates 6 It's a dog eat dog world here.
A: So, Minister, according to the front of celebrity achievement or excess.
page of today's papers, you claimed, Some of these role models are positive
'Students get more than their fair - achieving success in the face of
UNITA R ecording 3
share of government funds.' Would adversity, or shaping their industries with 1 Despite the obvious pressures, he's a
you care to elaborate on that? consummate ease. Others less so. And great presenter; he's self-confident,
B: Well, before we begin, I'd like to say the dividing lines are often not so clear- successful and succinct.
that quote was taken out of context. cut. Historically, a statesman or woman 2 I found him generous and genuine
I'm a firm supporter of extending free was a trusted role model; someone who although a little juvenile in character.
tuition where possible. could be looked upon to assess, evaluate 3 She's incredibly patient and pertinent
A: So, can you explain your party's plans and respond to all manner of crises in without being overly persuasive.
to cut bursaries for students from low- a level-headed fashion. Nowadays, that That's a good thing.
income backgrounds? image is somewhat out of kilter. Athletes
4 I liked what they had to say; they were
B: Well, what we have to take into offered inspiration for those who showed
confident, compelling and concise.
account is that there are many a desire for sporting success. Then
5 The information we received was both
reasons for reassessing the education doping scandals toppled some of our
critical and credible.
budget. Especially with regards to idols and tarnished both reputations
and medals. 6 I'm not overly fond of your boss; he's
tertiary education.
proud, pushy and pompous.
A: Do you feel that perhaps they are But does any of that matter? Could
ostensibly negative role models, 7 What a lovely old bloke - articulate,
unworthy of your investment?
who often exhibit self-destructive or urbane and earnest.
B: Before I answer that, let me just
add to what I was saying. The state damaging behaviours, actually offer
of the public finances left by the some semblance of influence that results UNIT 5 R ecording 1
last government has meant we in positive outcomes? Interestingly
enough, research into motivation P = Presenter C =Charlotte de Witte
have to look across the board at
suggests that it can, and does. Evidently, L= Luke Slater_________________________
spending decisions.
we use positive and negative role models P: The microbiome, just another health
A: So, you've not got enough money?
in differing ways, depending on what fad? A bit of scientific jargon to
B: Listen, all I'm saying is that there's a
we are hoping to achieve or avoid. When feed the need for knowledge in our
problem with continuing some of the
we want to achieve a goal, say passing body-conscious Zeitgeist? Here to
policies that we inherited. However,
an exam, we tend to select role models discuss this are two researchers from
we're committed to providing
who have a positive attitude towards the university biology department,
affordable solutions.
learning and attainment. And we seek to Charlotte de Witte and Luke Slater. So,
A: By reducing education spending and emulate their actions. If this aspiration Charlotte, is the microbiome such a
allowing tuition fees to go uncapped? is reframed as a fear of failure, then we big deal?
B: OK, let me put it into perspective. tend to identify negative role models - C: Well, yes, it's certainly a term which
There are many other countries where those who haven't put in the effort - and is growing in currency, but I think
this is happening. We need a more motivate ourselves by attempting to that 'fad' is a bit of a pejorative. Your
competitive model. avoid reproducing their bad behaviour. microbiome technically refers to the
We become driven to distance ourselves genetic map of all the microbes that
UNIT A R ecording 1 from their inability to achieve. inhabit a human body, in popular
However, there is compelling evidence discourse, that technical meaning
As part of a social species, we are
that role models who are immediately has been conflated with a broader
strongly influenced by the example
accessible, rather than distant idols definition to refer to the collection of
of others - from following fashions to
placed on a pedestal, are far better microbes in general. It is a fascinating
sharing likes, subscribing to similar
for our mental well-being. According area of study, and one which could
mindsets is a fundamental part of our
to cutting-edge neurobiological provide a rich seam of solutions to
everyday lives. Our interests and even
studies, a good deal of what we do is common ailments. Luke?
our goals are frequently adopted from
dependent upon mirror neurons. When L: I'd thoroughly concur with that. We're
those around us without conscious
we see someone undergo an action, looking at an area of science still very
thought. In their most nascent form,
an involuntary and automatic neural much in its infancy, so castigating
role models are our parents and close
mechanism within the brain allows it for making headline news is a bit
family. But as we grow and are exposed
us to copy this and show empathy or unfair. It wasn't until 2007 that the
to the wider world, the opportunity
understanding. These mirror neurons initial Human Microbiome Project
for influence from beyond this unit
provide a biological basis for imitation began, by taking samples from
becomes more prevalent. As social
- and this suggests that having role roughly 300 volunteers. That came to
learning theory would have it, good
models who are within your close an end in 2013, so it was short lived as
role models are essential to ensuring
environment may be more efficacious studies go, but the data gathered was
that children and young adults encode
than those held in high regard, but at truly remarkable in those intervening
positive traits and behaviours. The desire
a distance.
years. That all contributed to the UNIT 5 Recording 2 I: Are there any areas you particularly
widely accepted idea that many have to be watchful of?
A: So, I hear that you've been following
varieties of bacteria in our lower A: Sure, lots of foreign-language movies
intestine have a considerable impact a Paleo diet recently. What's that all
these days are contemporary stories
on our general health. about then? Isn't it loading upon
- we've moved on from your typical
protein, and getting all prehistoric?
C: And the technology for sequencing historical costume dramas.
What's the appeal of eating like
bacteria is fine-tuning research all the I: And how does that change things?
a caveman?
time. Recent studies have provided A: Well, there's a lot more slang used and
concrete evidence that microbial B: It's not just about eating meat, there's
a bit more to it than that. It's more that never really translates directly.
groupings carry out specific jobs You need to use a lot of creativity
within the body. Some groups found to do with excluding or avoiding
anything that is processed - and with subtitles, otherwise the audience
in the mouth help break down sugars will just end up confused. I suppose
and nitrates, while others synthesise there's no dairy, added salt or sugar.
You only eat things Paleolithic people the ultimate goal is to convey the
vitamin B. There are others which same idea, so you try to find an
break down short-chain fatty acids would have had, about 10,000 years
ago ... approximation of that.
from typically high-fibre foods like
A: Sounds like it's very limiting. Why I: I guess that swearing can be a
fruit and vegetables.
would you want to put yourself problem, too.
P: So what sort of research is likely to
through something like that? A: Yeah. Profane language is pretty
get the most support?
B: Well, apart from the weight loss, much universal, but there are
L: Something that the scientific definite differences between cultures.
it does have proven benefits for
community is getting fired up about Something that might shock an
increasing energy levels. It's a pretty
is studies into the interaction patterns audience in the UK or US could be
between microbial groups. There healthy option, overall.
fairly commonplace in other parts
seems to be a certain amount of A: Really? I would have thought
of the world. Or vice versa. You have
symbiosis which, if we understand that you'd be missing out on all
to be aware of the probable impact
better, can be used to help address the vitamins and minerals from
of the words, but, overall, you have
issues such as obesity, diabetes, even dairy stuff.
to think really carefully about what
depression. I think educating the B: Well, you get plenty of those from
the screenwriter and director want to
public about maintaining a healthy fresh fruit and nuts. And seafood.
express in a scene.
microbiome is key to this, though. That's a big part of the diet. I really do
I: And, are there any technical
Charlotte? think Paleo is the way forward.
challenges?
C: I agree. For some people there's this A: Well, if you ask me, it sounds like
A: Yes, there's a lot more going on than
assumption that the microbiome a fad. I’m sure that modern food
most members of your audience will
you have is stable, and you can do production can't be all that bad. And
have considered.
little to change it. That isn't the case aren't there really valuable nutrients
in wheat products? You can't be eating I: Such as?
at all. Lots of factors lead to their
biodiversity - what you eat, drink, any of those. A: Well, a standard subtitle contains a
the air you breathe, even exercise. In B: I don't know if you've tried it, but you maximum of thirty-five characters
dietary terms, prebiotics are essential. can get lots of nutrients from raw per line, including spaces and
Fermented foods, like sauerkraut seaweed. It's a bit tricky to track down, punctuation. And you are allowed a
and kimchi, contain these in high but I've got a tub of stuff from the maximum of two lines on screen at
numbers. They'll help regulate a lot of local beach. one time. The average viewer reads
the biological processes in digestion that in about six seconds, but your
A: No thanks, I think I'll stick to my usual
to ensure you get the most nutrition subtitle can't run over a change
21st-century snacks.
from your intake, and burn off of scene.
B: Don't be so dismissive. The advantage
excess calories. I: That sounds tricky!
of something like this is you'll
P: Right, so the microbiome is a way to lose weight quickly, and feel more A: It certainly is. Especially when you
approach dieting? energised. need to synchronise as much as
L: It's not just about weight toss though, possible with the audio track. And
A: And end up with skin like a
as important as that is. Gut bacteria not block anything important on
cavewoman. Great! What I've
is a fundamental building-block in screen. There's also the fact that each
found really works for me is a nice
immune system regulation. Changing subtitle has to have line breaks that
pasta salad!
the balance of your microbiome can make it easy for viewers to read at
address autoimmune and allergic speed. Sometimes you find yourself
diseases like asthma or eczema. We're
UNIT 6 Recording 1 spending hours over even the
exploring a whole range of different smallest exchange.
I = Interviewer A =Anja________________
areas where the health of our gut can I: Is there anything that you find more
I: So, Anja, you've been working in your difficult than anything else?
make profound differences to general
industry for the best part of a decade
health. People can make conscious A: Gestures. I think that they are tough
now. What would you say some of the
decisions to affect this. for all translators, no matter which
main challenges are?
C: Absolutely. A study being conducted area of the industry you are involved
A: Well, it can be incredibly demanding, in. There's an intercultural aspect
here is still in an inchoate stage,
as there's so much at stake. Both to it. Across countries and cultures,
but early indications are that a co
professionally and financially. If I do there are subtle distinctions in
abundance of bacteria and fungi are
my job well, then there’s the obvious meaning so a translator really needs
greater in volunteers with low-fat
opportunity that what we've made will to be on top of that. But the biggest
diets. As yet we haven't drawn any
gain critical acclaim, possibly awards. challenge is when you are subtitling
conclusions, but there's a strong
Get it wrong, and the most profound something, and a gesture is essential
enough correlation to suggest a
drama becomes a laugh-out-loud to explaining the plot.
number of health conditions could be
comedy.
addressed just by limiting fat intake.
I: So, would you recommend your job to P: So, can you explain what some of the
someone interested in languages? A: There's a huge problem with online processes are?
A: Oh, absolutely. It's not an easy job, as I bullying in high schools. E: Sure. In many ways test screenings
mentioned, but a well-translated film B: I still wonder if it's really that haven't particularly changed over
can have such an emotional impact common. I've never heard of it the last few decades; it's just how
on audiences that it's a privilege happening. the audiences are assessed that's
to be able to do it. And in terms of 3 different. So it's important to get
remuneration, it's pretty good, so a fair representation of target
A: Asian people tend to be the most
that's a bonus factor, too. demographics, and, assuming export
reluctant to speak at meetings,
value is important to you, ethnicity.
don't they?
In the past, you would have had a
UNIT 6 R ecording 2 B: I've heard that, but it sounds like
list of questions, and a focus group
1 You'd think i'd be accustomed to it a stereotype. I know a lot of very
to discuss themes. Now, you're more
by now, I mean, I've been living here talkative Japanese people.
likely to be given a wearable device
since the late 90s. It's not like Italy is 4 to pick up pulse, skin temperature,
a million miles away, and we do have A: Women are generally much better at electrodermal activity, motion. All of
a lot of things in common. But I just listening to others than men. that data can be analysed to assess
can't get used to piling all my food on B: Do you really think it's always the the efficacy of what's going on,
to one plate. Friends always think it's case? It's a pretty sweeping statement. on screen.
so funny when i ask for a side dish so I 5 T: Exactly. For film-makers and studios
can separate my meat and vegetables. A: They'll be really offended if you don't that kind of biometric data is a game-
It's just what I'm used to, though. And eat what they offer you. changer. There's no more over-reliance
don't get me started on pasta. People on subjectivity, or even the vagaries of
B: Somehow I doubt it's generally true.
here don't really seem to get it that fashion. Physical responses to certain
People tend to be aware that not
penne and pesto don't go together... scenes or potential endings can help
everyone has the same taste.
2 When it first happened I found it a determine the structure of a film
completely alien experience. I mean, much more accurately. You can work
people back home tend to pay you U K Iifr ^ R ecording 1 out where fight-or-flight responses
little attention, but here was an P = Presenter T =Tony E = Emma______ are stimulated, at which points
entire floor of staff all calling out viewers are literally transfixed, and
'irrashaimase'. One after another, P: Despite changing consumption
how effective those shock-inducing
like a wave. But the weird thing was patterns, as viewers switch from
jump cuts actually are.
most of them didn't even look up the big screen to streaming, the
E: That's right. And there's also a wealth
from stocking shelves, or whatever global film industry is still in pretty
of data coming from MRI scans. They
else they were doing. I didn't know at good financial health. So, opinions
take images of the cerebral cortex and
the time, but it's a given that when a on bankable cinematic content
can show whether your audience is
new customer comes in they should are gold dust. FHere to discuss how
showing synchronous activity during
be welcomed to the store. It certainly tastes are shaped are Tony Law and
viewing. The more synchronous the
makes for an interesting experience Emma Burton, both independent
audience brains are, the more they
when you are in one of those huge film journalists. So, Tony, isn't it the
are all focusing on the same content.
supermarkets downtown. director who calls the shots?
You've got their attention. And a rapt
3 I come from London, so I am used T: Well, that's certainly the conventional
audience is more engaged, and likely
to people being a bit stand-offish. view, but I'd say it's somewhat
to view the film positively.
Generally, when you go out you're misguided to presume that there's
P: Really, so is technology shaping our
unlikely to get into a conversation only one person at the helm deciding
cultural content?
with anyone. It's all a bit heads-down. on the narrative arc. Studios, stars,
and perhaps more importantly of late, T: That is one area that worries me,
I suppose that's just the nature of to be honest. I'm alt for getting an
city life. Out here everything is a bit test audiences play a fundamental
role in deciding what hits our screens. accurate view of cinematic success,
more laid-back. People tend to know
Wouldn't you agree, Emma? but what I wouldn't want to see is
one another, and if they don't, they'll more homogenised content that lacks
most likely have a mutual friend in E: Absolutely. Film-makers are
subtlety or focuses solely on high-
common. The norm is to help each notoriously divided on the value of
impact physical responses. Cinema is
other out if you possibly can. I still test screenings, but the studios are
art, and art should be more nuanced,
remember being taken aback when I giving them a lot more credence.
don't you think? I'd say th a t...
asked a shopkeeper for directions. Fie And interestingly the process has
walked out of his place with me, down become much more scientific of late.
the road and to the station, so I'd Gone are the days when errant data UNIT 7 R ecording 2
get there safely. I don't even think he from biased questionnaires would
A: Read this review?
bothered to lock up! confound matters. It's all about
B: Yes, this morning.
neurocinematics, and biometric data.
A: Ever seen his films?
T: Yeah, I think that incorporating
UNIT 6 R ecording 3
more scientific approaches has gone B: Yes, a couple. Brilliantly shot,
1 some way to assuage fears that key very atmospheric.
A: I read an online article that says scenes changed due to test screening A: Always subtitled?
British tourists aren't welcome in the responses might flop when playing to B: Not always. Some are in English.
city anymore. paying audiences. With more precise A: Going to see this one?
B: I always wonder about these things, ways to gauge interest levels and B: Might do. Plot sounds a
you know, what's the evidence? emotional investment, you're going to bit predictable.
have more faith in your final product.
UNIT 8 Recording 1 was taken aback. I thought about what
would change if I became a mum. I'd
1 As a child I spent veritable hours with lose that sense of camaraderie from
my head in a book, pouring over facts work and there'd be fewer nights out
and figures and scouring the indexes with the girls. Despite my concerns,
for curious customs from far-flung it's been so worthwhile. You get to
places. I was quite obsessed with know a whole new group of people,
anything arcane and a bit unsettling and there's a support network with
... I suppose a lot of little boys are. new mums that is really life-affirming.
But as I grew older, work and family I feel more grounded, like I belong
took over and studying fell by the here now.
wayside. But retirement meant I
5 I'd consider myself the kind of person
finally had the time to immerse
who thrives on setting themselves
myself in books again. It was an old
targets, and I felt that the trip
acquaintance who suggested an
abroad would be a useful way of
online course in Cultural Studies.
incorporating and developing some
Initially it was daunting, but the
field research into what I've been
syllabus was very accessible and the
doing. Given that the language barrier
tutors incredibly supportive. This
was a potential hazard, I enrolled
year I'm actually considering taking a
on an intensive course and it turns
degree course. There's no reason why
out that I'm quite adept. I'd always
not, despite my age.
favoured the scientific route, but
2 Shortly after graduating, I started evidently languages are my forte.
working for an IT start-up. The Six months later on the Mandarin
learning curve was massive, and course and I'm going from strength
everything seemed to be done at to strength.
such a fast pace. We were developing
algorithms that analysed the markets,
and predicted emerging trends. You UNIT 8 Recording 2
couldn't be risk averse ... I found A: Flave you heard about these plans
that it got very repetitive though, to stop prescribing antibiotics for
and I needed a bit more stimulation. common illnesses?
So I attended pretty much every B: Yeah, there was something on the
training course the company ran. radio about it last week. Sounded
Finance had always seemed like a quite interesting. The GP who was
foreign language, but within a few on said that limiting prescriptions
months I was pretty conversant with could have a really positive effect on
it. I suppose the key is decoding the tackling drug-resistant superbugs.
jargon. Anyway, I looked at other
A: Flmm. Well, I'm no expert but I think
avenues and there were a lot of
it's important that any risks are
lucrative contracts on the go. In terms
properly assessed before they make a
of remuneration, it certainty outstrips
big decision like that.
IT work.
B: Really? What kind of risks could
3 When I broached the subject of
there possibly be? GPs aren't exactly
transferring here on a long-term basis,
renowned for doing anything that will
the college intimated that I'd need
endanger patients.
to improve my language proficiency
- that was one condition that was A: What about kids and elderly people
necessary to meet for permanent though? They have a tough enough
residency to be granted. To help time as it is without succumbing to
cut costs I stayed with a host family every bug that's doing the rounds.
for a while. It was good to be in a B: Maybe it's just me, but it feels like
supportive environment, and benefit dangers are always exaggerated.
from the opportunity to interact with They're only talking about stopping
native speakers daily. I got the grades dishing out pills for minor coughs
I needed so was able to go ahead and colds.
with the visa application. Since then A: Well, I don't think people are ready
I've had the confidence to take on a for it yet. I'm guessing that a young
lot more challenges. They haven't all parent with sick kids is going to feel
worked out, but you just have to take very differently! What if they were
that in your stride and look on the denied treatment?
bright side of things. B: Listen, I don't really think it's an issue.
4 After several years of being together, We've got to move with the times.
we got to that point where we needed Think of the inordinate expense to the
to know what was next: if it was going health services, and what'il happen
to be a lifelong thing, or would just when first-tine antibiotics stop
peter out. We talked about getting being effective.
married, but a wedding would've A: Well, there are some things that I
blown our meagre savings pretty agree with, but I just think that this is
quickly. When he mentioned family, I probably a step too far.
A N SW ER KEY

UNIT 1 She's considered to be one of the

leading professionals in her field. I
2c
1 allegiance
1.1 can't help w o n d e rin g just how she
2 abstruse
manages to do so much.
3 rapacious
1 After their first failure, they needed to
4 respectability
1 set in motion com e up with an alternative approach.
5 precedence
2 major breakthrough Eventually, they decided to launch a
6 laudable goals
3 pioneer more compact drone.
7 inception
4 Conventional wisdom It's always been my goal to do
8 plethora
5 game-changing something like this. You can't blame
6 profound impact me for tr y in g something different at 3
7 pilot studies this point in life. 1 have you been having; Have you
8 paradigm shift Investors had c o m m itte d to spending raised
several million on the pilot project. 2 had been travelling; are hoping
2a Sadly, it has a long way to go before 3 have been standing; '11be doing
T alib A lh in ai it's commercially viable. 4 had donated; had thought
1 A prototype for a flying robot which
5 will have increased; are planning
can be used to build structures. 4 6 has raised; were designing
2 Very similar to drones, they are i to make
capable of printing structures in 3D 2 coming
while in flight. 3 trying 1 have never donated online
S o lveig a P ak s ta ite 4 to identify 2 first time she's been
1 Mimica Touch is a multilayer food 5 to create 3 we'll have renovated
label, comprised of a layer of plastic, 6 to gather 4 have been relying on you
a layer of gelatin, another layer of 7 funding 5 will be meeting
plastic with protuberances and a final, 8 to continue 6 had spoken to every donor by
smooth layer of plastic. 9 teaching
2 As the food changes in chemical 10 to analyse 5a
composition, the gelatin reacts. 11 doing l i 2b 3 f 4a 5g 6c 7h
Sam S tran ks 12 to make 8d 9e
1 A lightweight, efficient and malleable 13 doing
solar conductor from a man-made, SB
cost-effective substance known as 5 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
perovskite. i consequence of
2 The conductors will be so light that 2 passion for Sc
they can easily be transported into 3 talent for 1 respect
areas of the developing world which 4 course of 2 got
are currently energy deficient and can 5 motivation for 3 ignore
rapidly be deployed to provide aid in 6 hope of 4 grant
disaster zones. 7 aim of 5 reflected
8 hesitation in 6 expressed
2 b 9 risk of
1 temporary shelters 10 implications of
2 colonising other planets 11 success in
3 direct economic impact 12 necessity for
4 food sustainability
5 readily abundant 1 profit driven
6 aesthetic (and) functional appeal 2 sharing economy
3 access economy
2c 4 online transactions
Id 2f 3b 4a 5c 6e philanthropic 5 collaborative consumption
vulnerable 6 business model
3 compassionate 7 outer fringes
1 Have you ever considered a p p ly in g destitute 8 on-demand access
for a position in their research unit? If hard up 9 umbrella terms
you're ready to d e d ic a te the time to lavish
it, it's a worthwhile rote. unstinting
2 Did you manage to find that article on 8 altruistic 1 my impression was simply that
renewable energy studies? I m e a n t to 9 on welfare 2 that seems to be the consensus
print it off for you last week. 3 one might speculate that
2 k
3 I regret to t e ll you that unfortunately 4 on the whole
your application has failed this time. b) 5 another illustration of this
You could consider re a p p ly in g next 6 generally speaking though
year.
2 b
7 to cite one example
4 Despite a setback he went on to stu d y lc 2b 3c 4b 5a 6a
at the University of Gothenburg,
where his research led to a major
breakthrough in geophysics.
A N SW ER KEY

3a
Another illustration of this is / the
number of people between the ages of
i i
eighteen and twenty-five who applied 1 fulfilling 1 a) fertile
2 taking b) vivid
for tax relief / but who / as it happened /
3 rigorous, striving 2 a) rote
hadn't paid any tax.
4 focus b) heart
3c 5 quality 3 a) intuition
Does it really matter whether businesses 6 good, mutual b) intellect
have a social agenda / as long as they are 4 a) tried and tested
benefiting the economy? // Many people
2 b) think outside the box
may believe that / in an increasingly IB 2A 3 C 4A 5 D 6B 7C 5 a) rigid
globalised world / we should be more 8 D 9A 10 B b versatile
philanthropic / that is / caring. //
3 2a
However/there's no point in speaking
1 Whoever 1 Who'd like to kick this one off? /
of doing this / if nobody's quality of life
2 what Could you e la b o ra te on that?
improves/is there?
3 Whatever 2 Could you ex p lo re that further? / 1can
4 whichever imagine that w o rkin g .
5 why
6 how 3a
1 Did you want to add anything, Kate?
1 derided 4 2 Can 1make a comment about that?
2 make an educated guess 1 Can you recall what it was we talked 3 1 think we might be digressing ...
3 steer clear of about last week? 4 Can 1just wrap up what 1was saying?
4 crucial element 2 This is how 1imagined life at 5 Can we just hear what Paul wanted to
5 engaged university would be. say?
6 highly beneficial 3 According to her, whatever 1do is 6 We're pressed for time, so let's move on.
7 praised wrong.
8 something of a perfectionist 4 Anything that goes wrong, you get the
blame. 1 REVIEW 1 \
2c 5 He told me what little he knew.
lc 2a 3b 4b 6 1don't know which class to choose. 1
1 managed to complete
2 d Sa 2 appears to be
If 2c 3b 4d 5e 6a 1 817 3 (really) appreciate you helping
2 704 4 offered to get
3 professional development 5 enabled us to continue
1 it seems as if 4 intellectually attractive 6 are not allowed to park
2 Rarely, if ever 5 admin 7 risks missing the plane
3 If so 6 colleagues & parents 8 are required to
4 as long as/provided that 7 in decline 9 be blamed for wanting
5 Otherwise 10 to bring the issue
6 But for 5b
7 whether or not • used paragraphs for each topic? Yes 2
8 if any • included the relevant information i a) set in motion
9 If in doubt based on the notes? Not always b) had a profound impact on
10 unless • used discourse markers or 2 a) altruistic
11 Provided that/As long as cohesive devices to link ideas? Yes: b) compassionate
12 Without Contrastivety, Meanwhile, However, 3 a) umbrella term
while, or even b) outer fringe
• used their own words in a concise 4 a) game-changer
1 will accept her provided that way? Not always b) pioneer
2 seems as if there are • used any statistics to support 5 a) business model
3 know whether or not information? No b) online transaction
4 your tutor if in doubt • a) summarised in an objective way or 6 a) hard up
5 if any difference in/between b) given an opinion? b b) destitute
6 pass as long as 7 a) access economy
7 If so, somebody should
b) on-demand access
8 rarely, if ever came 8 a) vulnerable
b) unstinting
9 a) pilot studies
lg 2d 3b 4h 5c 6e 7a 8f
b) paradigm shift
10 a) lavish
b) philanthropic
A N SW ER KEY

10 b 5b
1 have been wondering If 2e 3b 4a 5c 6d a) I was particularly excited to discover
2 have been b) I have been involved in projects
3 have set up similar to
4 have had
CHECK c) a real asset to
lb 2c 3b 4a 5a 6a 7b d) explore my suitability for the position
5 am speaking
8 c 9 b 10 a l i b 12 c 13 c e) Please contact me
6 has been arranging
14 b 15 c 16 a 17 c 18 a 19c f ) consideration
7 ¡staking
20 c 21a 22 b 23 a24 b25 c
8 are amazed / have been amazed
26 b 27 c 28 c 29 b 30 c
9 had thought
10 looks/is looking
11 were discussing 1
12 has taken / is taking
1 need to come clean about / have to
4 1 stand out 2
come clean about
shown / showing his true colours
1 for 2 of 3 of 4 for 5 in 2 convey 3 caught her red-handed
6 of 7 in 8 of 9 for 10 of 3 buzzwords 4 lost face over
4 digital footprint 5 gave an accurate picture of
5 digital literacy 6 everyone/everybody glossing over
1 that seems to be the consensus 6 jeopardise
2 to cite one example 7 soft skills 2 b
3 another illustration of this 8 novice IE 2D 3B 4C 5G
4 my impression was 9 track record
5 on the whole 10 play up 2c
6 might speculate that
6A 7D 8F 9G 10 B
2a
a) 2 d
1 derided
Id 2b 3a 4e 5c 6f
2 engaged 2 b
3 fulfill, potential IF 2 NG 3T 4F 5T 6T 3
4 rigorous standards 7 NG 8 F i A membership form has to be / must
5 steer clear of be completed.
6 think outside the box 2c It's not known what happened to the
7 quality curriculum incompetence plane / What happened to the plane
8 fire imagination augment isn't known.
9 mutual respect entails A full recovery is expected to be made.
placatory Photographs are taken after the
instil event.
1 unless rambling The match was stopped after an hour.
2 otherwise It's time something was done about
3 provided that/as long as
climate change.
4 it seemed as if it couldn't have It has been announced that Los
5 If in doubt must Angeles will host the next games.
6 Without /But for would The climbers haven't been heard from
had
8 needn't
since last Friday.

1 chip (on his) shoulder should

2 makes (my) flesh creep might how it was stolen so
3 welcome (you with) open arms 8 ought to could have been broken
4 fish (out of) water
is estimated to be worth
5 under (the) weather 4 was held in high regard
6 apart (at the) seams 1 absolutely essential that to have been misinformed about
7 sinking feeling 2 supposed to have need to have your
8 blood run cold 3 may well / will undoubtedly was decided that we would
4 may well / will undoubtedly
9 5 being able to 5
1 whatever 2 whoever 3 whenever 6 could be that 1c 2b 3a 4b 5c 6b 7a
4 however 5 whichever 6 when 7 be capable of 8c 9b 10 b
7 how 8 what 8 would guess

10 a Sa
a) If 1can just come in here 1 has an excellent reputation in 4
b) Did you want to add anything 2 has taught me to adapt to 1
c) 1think we might be digressing 3 have extensive experience working 1 stand up
d) Can 1make a comment about that with 2 bridge
e) Let's stay focused 4 am accustomed to working under 3 allocate
f) We're pressed for time so let's move pressure 4 set
on 5 am dedicated to the profession 5 promote
6 would be grateful for the opportunity 6 tackle
to 7 enforce
8 shape
AN SW ER KEY

2a 5a
1 that quote was taken out of context 1 up 2 to 3 against 4 out 5 to Positives: environmental Impact, breadth
2 what we have to take into account 6 up 7 out 8 back 9 with 10 for of titles / diversity of perspectives,
3 let me just add to what I was saying regularity of updates, immediate access
4 all I'm saying is that there's a problem to forums/blogs related to content
5 let me put It Into perspective 1 back out of Negatives: advertising, issues with
2 looks up to access, questions over accuracy of
3 3 get out of content, Impact on opportunity to
S uggested answers: 4 live up to discuss articles socially
1 With all due respect, I think that you 5 came up against
are wrong. It's definitely Important to 6 came up with
address any difference by law. 7 feel up to
2 Excuse me for interrupting, but I 8 faced up to
disagree entirely. Climate change is 9 hold back on i
the most important issue of our time. 10 makes up for 1 persuasive
3 I don't wish to be blunt, but tax 2 compelling
avoidance is thoroughly unacceptable. 3 earnest
4 But surely that's not the point? 4 succinct
We need to do more to stop 5 credible
homelessness in the first place. 6 pertinent
1 filtering 7 genuine
5 So what you're saying is that you are
2 echo chambers 8 pushy
going to reduce financial support?
3 reinforced
4 algorithm 2a
4 .1 5 post-truth If 2c 3b 4d 5a 6e
6 trolling
i 2 b
l j 21 3a 4 g 5k 6f 7b 8d 2 b
1 Not only is the car economical, it's
9 h 10 c 111 12 e 1 Paul stylish, too.
2 Alexa 2 Who wouldn't want a deal like that?
2 b 3 Paul 3 Under pressure, stay cool, calm and
1 conscious thought 4 Sarah collected.
2 social learning theory 5 Alexa 4 To be successful, you need to work
3 a sense of reinforcement 6 Paul hard and play harder.
4 statesman (or) woman 7 Sarah 5 'We love being part of the team. Join
5 negative role models 8 Alexa us.'
6 fear of failure 6 It's a dog eat dog world here.
7 mental well-being 3
8 empathy (or) understanding i There's 3a
2 It's succinct
2c 3 there's genuine
le 2a 3f 4c 5b 6d 4 It persuasive
5 There compelling
3 6 It's credible
1 both 7 It's pushy
2 Having had 8 There earnest
3 Confronted 9 It's
4 shaking 10 It's
5 determined
6 obsessed 4
7 both 1 It's common knowledge that the
8 Considering website is full of fake news.
2 There seems to have been an accident
4 up ahead.
1 Roaring and cheering, the fans 3 There's sure to be a huge controversy
celebrated her victory. when the story gets out.
2 Having acquired the family business 4 It's up to you which film you watch.
as a teenager, she was reluctant to sell. 5 It's just dawned on me what she
3 Having been reprimanded by the meant.
authorities, they were asked to leave 6 It's a pity you missed the show.
the country. 7 It is hoped that the conflict will come
4 After considering all the options, I to an end.
decided not to apply for the job. 8 There's little point in discussing the
5 Realising (that) there was nobody in, matter again.
they left a message with a neighbour.
6 Looked after carefully, this watch
could last you a lifetime.
7 Painted sixty years ago, the portrait
depicts my grandmother.
8 Having had a huge argument, Kate
and Max left without saying anything.
AN SW ER KEY

REVIEW 2 6 Impressed by Isa's work, the manager

offered her a six-month contract.
3
1 Theirs is an Increasingly important
7 Trained as a/Being a trained
1 Industry.
physiotherapist, she knows what
1
to 2 She works for a little-known
effects that kind of exercise could have.
2
absolutely International organisation.
8 Not speaking Italian, I found life in
3
could 3 To cook it really well, use a ratio of
Rome problematic.
4
may two cups of water to rice.
5
would 8 4 I'd rather not go to organised classes
6
needn't - they don't suit my long-term plans.
1 up 2 up 3 in 4 up 5 back 6 up
7
can't 5 His speeches are brilliant, but he
7 to 8 on 9 of 10 of 11 up 12 up
8
supposed often has frustratingly ambiguous
9 of 9 opinions.
6 Try to avoid sugary products with
10 will 1 There are a number or reasons why
high salt content.
people doubt the authenticity of the
2 7 I find that foodie forums online are the
story.
lh 21 3f 4d 5c 6e 7b best way of learning about recipes.
2 There's no harm in thinking things
8a 9j 10 g 8 Most of the Issues mentioned in the
through.
article were completely irrelevant.
3 It's a mistake to make quick
3 judgements about people.
9 Their recent fashion campaign
1
was decided that we would attracted public criticism.
4 There's something to be said for
2
appears to have been taken 10 Having read your proposal, I think it's
considering different perspectives.
3
need to have your laptop a practical, low-cost solution.
5 It's not a coincidence that he began
4
is estimated to be worth
criticising the press when they 4
5
more to be said about
attacked him.
6
could have been stolen 1 trigger rapid weight gain
6 It's a pity that your brother wasn't able
7
won't be filmed 2 enhance capacity
to attend the party.
8
are thought to be 3 triggered a memory
7 It's you i have to thank for first
9 got beaten by 4 deliver tangible results
introducing us.
10 been agreed that we will 5 deliver a host of benefits
8 It worries me to see you like this.
6 sustain interest in
4 10 7 discuss an aspect of
1 roots
If 2c 3b 4e 5a 6d 8 sustain long-term motivation
2 reaping 9 Enhance appearance
3 thorny 10 achieved success
4 up CHECK
5 poured lb 2b 3a 4a 5 b 6 c 7b 5
6 branch 8 c 9 c 10 a 11 b 12: c 13 c lb 2a 3 c 4a
7 out 14 b 15 c 16 c 17 b 18 b 19 b 8c 9b 10 c
8 water down 20 c 21a 22 b 23 a 24 b 25 a
26 b 27 c 28 a 29 b 30 a 6
5 1 long
1 taken out of context 2 short
2 needs addressing 3 low
3 saying is there's a problem 4 low
is
4 take Into account 5 short
5 brought that up lb 2d 3c 4c 5a 6 high
6 add to what I was saying 7 long
2
7 put it into perspective
1 The film is the latest in a series of
s adaptations from the Marvel studios. 5.2
1 compelling 2 I took part in an organised class
focusing on high-lmpact calorie 1
2 fake news
burning exercise. li 2d 3 e 4j 5b 6h 7c
3 genuine
3 He thinks it is a rapidly changing 8f 9a 10 g
4 persuasive
market offering potentially massive
5 credible
sales. 2
6 unbiased
4 This book is ideal for anyone trying to IF 2F 3T 4F 5T 6T 7F 8T
7 idolise
8 trolling be better organised and seeking long
term success.
? 5 Ground-breaking experimental
1 Not feeling well, Sarah left work early. research conducted in Europe proved
2 Having acquired a large sum of money the theory.
through his own hard work, he was 6 She gave a series of talks on
reluctant to pay tax (on it). environmental protection relevant to
3 Having started on the project, Ella was the general public.
determined to complete it.
4 Not wanting to offend him, we said
nothing about his recent article.
5 Not having/Having not seen the film,
I'm reticent to make a judgement.
A N SW ER KEY

3 2 ?
1 They are pretty hard to come by, 1 saying 1 tit for tat
trainers like that. 2 back 2 wine and dine
2 She's a really stylish individual, Claire. 3 said 3 All in all
3 That apartment, is it where your 4 want 4 make or break
cousin lives? 5 meant 5 Sooner or later
4 Going round markets and getting 6 Actually 6 part and parcel
bargains, that's what my friend Anna 7 reminds 7 safe and sound
loves doing. 8 mention 8 Slowly but surely
5 He's happy at work now, my brother. 9 First and foremost
6 It's been a long-term goal of mine, 3a 10 more or less
moving to live abroad. 1 It's not just about
7 Going to the gym, that's what keeps 2 apart from the weight loss, it does
her motivated. have proven benefits for 6.2
8 This song, can you remember where 3 Is the way forward
IB
you heard it first? 4 I don't know if you've tried it but
5 The advantage of something like this an interpreter
4 is
1 that 6 What I've found really works for me is
lc
2 it lc 2b 3a 4b 5c 6c
3 this one Id
4 Pretty warm 6.1
1 profound drama
5 What it's
i 2 end up confused
6 Remember where
lc 2g 3 h 4 e 5b 6d 7a 8f 3 fairly commonplace
7 That
4 need to synchronise
8 It's a 2a 5 subtle distinctions
5a The writer is generally optimistic - he/ 6 terms of remuneration
she cites emerging technology as a tool
c) 2
for improving the quality of life in urban
5b environments. 1 has vowed to
2 has been called for
1 Steadily we climbed 2b 3 voiced their concerns
2 Urgently, Xeno scrambled up the
ID 2 F 3 A 4 E 5B 4 maintains that he's done
slope, ignoring our warnings of loose
C is not needed. 5 to illustrate just how
rock and steep drops.
6 was reprimanded for not
3 and suddenly, we were in a clearing
4 From the hillside jutted an outcrop of
2c 7 acknowledged that it had
lc 2e 3a 4b 5d
rock, offering 3
5 Looking down from our vantage point, 3 1 The speaker at the conference
we saw
1 bleak insisted on speaking...
6 Standing on the edge of the desert 2 to flourish 2 They suggested (th a t) I go for extra
was a large skeletal building.
3 an assumption lessons...
7 In the harsh light the burnished roof
4 scenario 3 To be honest, I regret te llin g her
gleamed and looked like a candle 5 daunting anything about it.
8 Ahead of them, was a great heap of 6 harnessed 4 She says she d id n 't hear anything.
machinery
7 anticipating 5 I couldn't understand what he w ro te .
9 From among the rocks behind us
6 Your father has been advised to talk
came a shrill cry 4 to a lawyer...
la s 2 though 3 do 4 albeit 5 as
5c 6 However 7 even though 8 as
7 I told him that if we left late we
w ould miss the train.
Adverbs: 1, 2, 3
8 The board of directors discussed
Prepositional phrases: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 5 w h e th e r to / th e y should terminate
Sentence 1: although though his contract.
5.3 Sentence 2: Despite the fact of -» Despite 9 He re c o m m e n d e d (th a t) th e y stay
the fact (that) somewhere close to the airport.
1 Sentence 4: Even though -» Although 1 0 We asked him to give us a call when
1 Incorporate Into my dally routine Sentence 5: Jam packed when it can be -» you a rriv e d home.
2 exert myself physically Jam packed though it can be
3 magic bullet Sentence 6: Albeit -» However 4
4 restoring my peace of mind Sentence 7: Important if it is -» Important 1 Anna insisted that Peter should get
5 out of synch with myself though/as It is ready and go as his meeting started
6 panacea Sentence 10: indifferent you can be -» at two. Peter complained that Anna
7 get engrossed In indifferent you are was rushing him, and explained he
8 cure-all Sentence 12: even though -» albeit was choosing what to wear. Anna
advised him to take a taxi as it would
6 be quicker. She warned him not to be
l c 2b 3c 4b 5c 6b 7a late. Peter denied that he had ever
8c 9 c 10 b been late for an appointment.
A N SW ER KEY

2 Chiara reminded Paul that he had 2 6

been invited / was to come round to 1 a) hustle and bustle
1 deliver a host of benefits
dinner. He promised her that he would b) bit of sanctuary
2 cure-all
be there for eight. She warned him 2 a) alienating
3 looks can be deceiving
that her father was making spicy 4 trigger rapid weight gain b) intimidating
food / a really spicy stew. Paul assured 3 a) no-go zone
5 out of synch with yourself
her that she needn't worry as he could b) downtown
6 incorporate into a daily routine
eat just about anything. 4 a) vowed
7 achieve success
8 deliver tangible results b) pleaded
5 b
5 a) acknowledges
Extract 1 online job advertisement 3 b) maintains
Extract 2 blog post 1 That new housing development by the 6 a) voiced
canal, have they finished it yet? b) echoed
2 Cheating during exams is what he's 7 a) illustrates
known for. b) relates
1 3 They are mainly from Singapore, this 8 a) commonplace
1 expected group of students. b) customary
2 taken for granted 4 That black mountain bike leaning 9 a) inappropriate
3 customary against the window, is it yours? b) atypical
4 commonplace 5 They aren't really so bad, our kids. 1 0 a) peculiar to
5 routine 6 She isn't worth bothering about, (that) b) routine in
6 out of the ordinary Amanda. _
7 inappropriate 7 Particularly significant is the fact that f
8 unheard of so many people have complained. 1 as
9 atypical 8 Left to fend for itself was a dog no 2 Despite
10 peculiar to bigger than a rat. 3 Although / Even though
4 as
2 a 4 5 do
1c 2a 3b 1 low-cost 6 albeit
2 high-risk 7 Nevertheless
2 b 3 short-tempered 8 Even though / Although
1 be accustomed to 4 high-maintenance 9 though
2 can't get used to 5 long-haul
3 completely alien 6 high-powered
4 a given that 7 high-tech 1 or 2 and 3 for 4 or 5 but
5 am used to 8 long-winded 6 and 7 and 8 or 9 in 10 and
6 norm is to 9 low profile
9
4 a 5a 1 Katia reminded Johan not to forget his
1 i always wonder about these things a Talking of him driving licence / to bring his driving
2 I still wonder if it's really that common b Funny you should mention that licence.
3 I've heard that, but it sounds like a c Where was 1, anyway 2 Alex advised Clare not to stay in that
stereotype d Getting back to what 1was saying part of town as it is/was expensive.
4 Do you really think it's always the case before 3 Fotios invited me to go out for
5 Somehow I doubt it's generally true e What was 1saying, anyway something to eat.
f Oh, that reminds me. 4 The taxi driver warned us not to go
REVIEW 3 g 1feel the same way about there as it is/was a no-go zone.
5 Mila denied that she was a poor
5b translator.
i
le 2b 3g 4f 5a 6d 7c 6 The tour guide assured us we'd have a
1 British doctor Michael Mosley's
great time.
ground-breaking 5:2 diet, introduced
7 Hannah insisted on paying for the
in 2013, began a global diet revolution
meal.
significantly promoting the health
8 Orhan promised his tutor that the
benefit of fasting.
essay would be in on time.
2 In 2012, the 55-year-old out of shape
Mosley made the decision to lose
weight and improve his overall fitness
by beginning high-intensity training.
3 The now healthy Mosely's revelation
that he was a long-term insomniac
surprised many people, but tests
conducted by University of Oxford's
Department of Psychiatry following
dietary changes to promote a healthy
microbiome showed a three-fold
improvement in sleep quality.
A N SW ER KEY

iO 5b 4
1 I was unaware of the custom, but Im p ro v e d suggestions: lb 2a 3b 4b 5a 6a 7a 8b
evidently it's a given that anyone e8
clearing their plate should be offered Whatever the intention, there is no
more food. denying that his vision of our near future 1 vitally important
2 Correct. is spellbinding. It feels blockbuster in 2 bitterly disappointed
3 You'd think he would be accustomed scope, but is so much more insightful, 3 prohibitively expensive
to It by now. He's lived here since he making it a worthy addition to the sci-fi 4 predominantly female
was a teenager. pantheon. 5 fundamentally different
4 Correct. 6 hopelessly inadequate
f5
5 Coming from a city like New York 7 infinitely preferable
And while relatively few big-budget 8 greatly admired
I'm used to people being loud and
films ask big questions, Blade Runner
obnoxious.
2049 does consider what It means
6 Over here the norm is to help out with
to be human in the digital era. Does
the community whenever possible.
identity amount to anything more
7 Where I come from, it is expected that
than algorithms jostling with countless
you take a gift when you are invited
others? 1 turbulent
for a meal.
2 soaring
8 I know it seems a bit strange, but in g*
Blade Runner 2049 seriously questions 3 panoramic
this part of the world It's customary to
our identity in a future world while 4 tranquil
share the cost.
avoiding the clichés of formulaic 5 indigenous
plotlines. Consequently, any action- 6 legendary
CHECK fuelled set pieces that suffuse most 7 authentic
l a 2c 3b 4c 5b 6c 7c similar sci-fi offerings at least make 8 opulent
8b 9 a 10 a 11c 12 b 13 a sense here.
14 a 15 b 16 c 17 a 18 b 19 a h6
20 b 21c 22 c 23 b 24 a 25 a 1 Funny/Strange
The overlap of identity and image is 2 stuff like that
26 b 27 c 28 b 29 c 30 b
keenly observed by Roger Deakins's 3 was like
sumptuous cinematography. 4 you know what I mean?
EH 5 were like
6 some
7 this
1 heist movie, plot twist 8 was like
2 Indie film, female protagonist 9 I think it was
1 didn't take
3 spaghetti western, flashback 10 were like
2 put a strain on
4 an A-lister, supporting cast 11 sort of
3 clicked straightaway
5 universal appeal, formulaic plotlines 12 It was one of those things
4 rocky
6 chick flick, road movie 13 Strange/Funny
5 stable
6 meet people halfway
2 b
7 never compromise
3
lc 2c 3a 4d 5a 6b A: Read this review?
2 a B: Yes, this morning.
b) A: Ever seen his films?
issues be taken, (should) amend current B: Yes, a couple. Brilliantly shot, very
guidelines, the union (should) use its 2b atmospheric.
position, these terms (should) take place, A: Always subtitled?
IT 2 F 3T 4T 5 F 6T
members (should) refuse to comply and B: Not always. Some are in English.
notify, detailed notes of any exchange be A: Going to see this one?
kept, these guidelines be followed I found it quite astonishing that so few B: Might do. Plot sounds a bit
predictable.
4 of my classmates had read his poetry.
Starting out as an actress, she has
1 I'd rather you went now
operated as a highly successful
2 Our recommendation Is to contact director for the last decade.
3 would be better if you didn't
If you haven't seen the film already, I
4 wish she would stop
would th o ro u g h ly recom m end it.
5 time the children were lg 2d 3a 4 h 5f 6e 7b 8c
I was som ew hat saddened to hear
6 odd (that) you should say
that you won't be joining us for dinner 2b
5a this evening.
1H 2 C 3 E 4 B 5 G 6G 7E
Although the critics don't seem to 8 A 9 C 10 F
lc 2a 3b 4g 5f 6 h 7d 8e
agree, I th o u g h t she was absolutely
perfect for the part. 2 d
I think that this piece of music is lc 2e 3a 4b 5g 6f 7h 8d
deeply evocative o f a time of great
sadness.
D iffic u lt as it is to believe, Sarah
was given the job despite being the
weakest candidate.
She only vag u ely remembered me,
which I found d eep ly upsetting.
A N SW ER KEY

3 8 .2 2
1 The current government, if recent 1 So what's y o u r ta k e on this?
i 2 I'm really against any fo rm of animal
reports can be trusted, has decided
to end its policy, which since the early 1 casting an eye over abuse.
1990s, has had a detrimental impact 2 plough through 3 In that reg ard I'm to ta lly with you.
on the funding of community services. 3 flick through A Really? I'd be surprised if th a t was
2 The baggage handler strikes, which A dip into the case.
have caused serious disruption to 5 reading up on 5 On th e face o f it, it seems that'll
travellers on a number of airlines In 6 pore over happen
recent weeks, are likely to continue 7 scrutinise
into the summer months despite the 8 perusing 3
assurances of many leading union 1 view
2b 2 should
representatives, including Carlo Santi.
ID 2 B 3 C AA 5F 3 would
3 Among a significant proportion of the
E is not needed. A least
population seemingly insignificant
5 supposedly
decisions, like what to make for dinner
or which programme to stream next,
2c
can create a good deal of tension,
1 subsumed 4a
2 Interjection 1 Well, I'm no expert but I think
which is difficult to alleviate.
3 under siege 2 Maybe it's just me, but it feels like
A A documentary exploring some
A divergent 3 I'm guessing that
of the key moments in twentieth-
5 synchronous A there are some things that I agree
century photojournalism, ranging
6 dubbed with, but I just think that
from the war photographers, such as
7 panoply
Frank Capa, to social commentators
8 pensive
like Mike Brodie, is scheduled to be
REVIEW 4
broadcast later this month. 3
4 1 at 2 against 3 of A by 5 about 1
6 for 7 of 8 about 9 in 10 about
Several members of the fire and lb 2b 3c Aa 5b 6a 7c
rescue service, (who were) honoured 8b 9c 10 a
4
for their role In rescuing the crew of a
ic 2b 3b Aa 5b 6a 7b 2
fishing vessel (which was) stranded on
8c 9b 10 a i formulaic plotlines
rocks near the remote Shiant Islands,
have attended an award ceremony at 2 flashbacks
5a
Edinburgh Castle. Standing outside 3 female protagonist
For: 2, 3, 5
the ceremony, protesting against job A chick flicks
Against: 2, 3, 5
losses (which are) scheduled for this 5 put a strain on
month, a crowd of current and former 5b 6 clicked straightaway
servicemen and women, (which included) 7 didn't take
la 2d 3b Ac 5e
including representatives from the 8 meet people halfway
Highlands, demanded that they should 5c 9 authentic
be given greater support to carry out 10 indigenous
Contrastive: On the one hand, Conversely,
such dangerous work. The situation 11 tranquil
Despite, However
raises many questions (which) facing 12 soaring
Additive: also, furthermore, finally
many rural and remote areas (face): Is Exemplifying: such as
It right that we continue to centralise 3
Cause-effect / Reason: so, Therefore
such services when they are so obviously i as it is to believe
Other: In conclusion, in my view,
essential to the communities they 2 To my amusement
protect? 3 was utterly devastating
8.3 A are well aware of
5 5 would thoroughly recom
i buckled 1 6 With some reluctance
2 chatty 1 conservationists
3 fussy 2 roam 4
A well-dressed 3 predator l bitterly
5 stingy A migrate 2 Prohibitively
6 gifted 5 cull 3 greatly
7 determined 6 livestock A infinitely
8 self-assured 7 animals 5 painfully
9 meticulous 8 pack, prey 6 highly
10 notorious 9 animal lover 7 vaguely
10 hunt, lone wolf 8 distinctly
9 vitally
10 inextricably
A N SW ER KEY

5
1 Funny
2 I think it was
3 some
4 Strange
5 you know what I mean
6 was like, were like
7 It was one of those things

8
1 migrate
2 spoilt for choice
3 pack
4 dip into
5 pore over
6 Torn between
7 sit on the fence
8 scrutinise
9 cull
10 weighing up the options

?
Suggested answer:
According to numerous studies looking
at what popular and commercially
successful films have in common, films
designed to be viewed on the largest
screens available, marketed heavily in
advance, and not unduly affected by
poor press reviews tend to focus on
limited genres such as heist movies and
chick flicks, feature recognised A-listers,
and be referenced, visually or through
dialogue, by other films.

i
1 a) articulate b) garrulous
2 a) buckled b) capitulated
3 a) celebrated b) famous
4 a) nit-picking b) systematic
5 a) self-assured b) proud
6 a) resolute b) determined
7 a) smart b) well-dressed
8 a) mean b) nasty
9 a) discerning b) picky
10 a) smart b) gifted

9
I of 2 in 3 on 4 for 5 on
6 about / of 7 of 8 of 9 of 10 for
I I of 12 at 13 about 14 about
15 against 16 on

10a
What's your view?
a)
I'd be really surprised if that's the case.
b)
On the face of it
c)
I'm totally with you in that respect.
d)
So, what's your take on this?
e)

10s
le 2a 3b 4d 5c

CHECK
l c 2b 3c 4b 5c 6b 7a
8 c 9 b 10 a 11c 12 b 13 c
14 b 15 c 16 a 17 c 18 b 19 b
20 c 21a 22 c 23 b 24 a 25 c
26 c 27 b 28 c 29 b 30 c

B
Pearson Education Limited
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Essex CM 17 9NA
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world.

www.english.com/portal

The right of Richard Storton to be identified as author

of this W ork has been asserted by them in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the copyright holders.

First published 2018

ISBN: 978-1-292-21224-1
Set in Aptifer sans LT Pro 10/12 pt
Printed and bound by L.E.G.O. S.p.A. Lavis (T N ) - Italy

Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce
copyright material:

Illustration acknowledgements
Sean (KJAArtists) 42,55.

Photo acknowledgements
The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind
permission to reproduce their photographs:

l23RF.com: 2Aleksandr Davydov 19,CathyYeulet

28, atic 12 5,byrdyak IO,jamie cross 27,olegdudko 8;
Alamy: O JO Images Ltd 25,Wavebreak Media Ltd
37, fStop Images GmbH 49; G etty Images: Hero
Images 12, Kevin Winter/Staff 25, Peter Griffith 25;
Shutterstock: Filip Fuxa 53, Steven Chiang lO.Syda
Productions 36,Vintage Tone 27, a katz 23, lapandr 49,
saesae 12 41, ymgerman 39.

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Speakout Advanced Plus Workbook With Key

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Speakout Advanced Plus Workbook With Key

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Richard Storton

1 GAME-CHANGERS Page 4 2 LEARNING P a g e io

1.1 VOCABULARY | transformation 2.1 VOCABULARY | learning

3 PRO SPEC TS Page 19 A IN FLUEN CE Page 25

3.1 VOCABULARY |job hunting 4.1 VOCABULARY | influence

5 BODY Page 34 CULTURES Page 39

5.1 LISTENING healthy bodies 6.1 VOCABULARY | cities

7 CLASSICS Page 49 8 CHOICE Page 54

7.1 VOCABULARY | film 8.1 VOCABULARY idioms for choices

AUDIO SC RIPTS Page 64

a) able to to be shaped without breaking

WRITING C Underline the correct alternative to complete the

crucial element derided

> Their method of teaching,

Z answer, but if you

there's always the chance

as possible. They'll be more c) is informed by long-standing attitudes.

Adjust the underlined words to make the

from colleagues is worthwhile. I also think it's MCLtiwe f o r 3 ___________________________

essential to be open about any difficulties iess 4 , __ _______

B: OK, but can you make It a quick point?

2 A Read the extracts from discussions about education and

GRAMMAR VERB PATTERNS VO CABULARY R E V IEW I

GRAMMAR C O N T IN U O U S AN D PERFECT ASPECT FUNCTION PRESEN TIN G SU RVEY RESULTS

4 Underline the correct alternatives.

GRAMMAR IF AN D RELATED EX PR ESSIO N S GRAMMAR N O M IN A L RELATIVE CLA USES

7 It's really strange to see you that. a) derided b) engaged c) praised

a) to do b) doing c) do 21 If you don't know the answer, make guess.

a) for b) in c) of 22 they disagreed on a number of key issues.

9 We have absolutely no hesitation______ a) Provided that b) It seems as if c) But for

A N D H O W DID YOU H EA R A B O U T THIS JO B ?

H om e N ew s Reviews Listings A d vice Sign out Register

5 Employers may often be wary of 7 A: Anyone interesting called?

C Complete the sentences with the

To: This is a rare opportunity to take on an exciting role in our

2 They don't know what happened to the plane.

3 They expect her to make a full recovery.

4 The photographers take photographs after the RIF,CATI0NIN

6 It's time the authorities did something about

7 Officials have announced that Los Angeles is to host

A: So, Minister, according to the front page of today's papers, you

B Do you agree with any of the views

2 A great number of chat rooms are

2 It's too simplistic to be unquestionably

4 For 1-8, complete the second sentence so it has a

3 There'll be a huge controversy when the story gets

A The choice of film is entirely yours,

5 I only just realised what she meant,

6 You should have been at the show - you would have

7 People are optimistic that the conflict is coming to

8 We shouldn't discuss the matter again,

new save edit 6 d og / w o rld /d o g /e a t/h e re/It's/a

GRAMMAR EX PR ESSIN G MODALITY GRAMMAR PASSIVES

8 It's about time that someone tackled THOUGHT

VOCABULARY PLUS GRAMMAR INTRODUCTORY IT AN D TH ERE

I initially got into blogging when I was at

le the correct option to complete the sentences.

5 1 A Which of the following do you think has the

Complete the noun phrases using the correct form

They_____________________________________________ • a) in the past

D Write a description of your own (220-280 words)

w=tch the sentence halves.

6 Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.

■■HHH 9 _____________ I think of myself as a New Yorker. It's a city

Report the conversations using the verbs in the box.

GRAMMAR N O U N PHRASES GRAMMAR FRONTING, H EAD ERS AN D TAILS

Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.

FUNCTION IN FO RM AL TURN-TAKING 3 downtown / a no-go zone

6 A: Hmm, yeah, that's interesting, I was thinking 9 atypical / inappropriate

GRAMMAR | C O N C ESSIO N CLA USES GRAMMAR IN DIRECT SPEECH

5 Although the critics don't seem to agree, I thought

admired different disappointed expensive

you should mention it, but that reminds

C Listen again and check.

Yet increasingly, this notion of the focused or transformed reader

a) Connect with the audience by using an

essential to be open about any difficulties iess 4 , _____