Business Studies Department

Research Method and Techniques

Final Project Report
7 Semester, BBA-7C
th

Date with Day: 4th June 2021, Friday

SUBMITTED BY:
 Abdul Wahab
 Saqib Rehman
 Mustafa Hanif
 Zahoor Ahmed
 Kainat Safeer
 Abeen Shal

Submitted to: Ma'am Munazza

CHAPTER # 01

Introduction

Background (kainat)

Continuous progress in field of information technology and integration of global

economics have paved the way for e-commerce. In previous 10 years, speedy
developments in favourable business policies, market scale and infrastructure has
led the growth of e-commerce (Sixun Liu,2013). E-commerce is a business
exercise by which the business is shifted to internet. The growth in B2B e-
commerce has markedly decreased the inflation, increased the competition and the
revenue generation (7). In 21st century, with availability of cheaper and high-speed
internet network facilities, e-commerce has become a critical part of economy of
any country. (Anuj, K., Fayaz, F., & Kapoor, N., 2018). According to a source, the
E-commerce retail sales is expected to reach up to 5000 billion US dollars by 2021.
(Sabanolglu, 2021). E-commerce has improved in so many aspects of businesses
including easy transactions, supply chain management and reduction in production
cost (Jr, 2011). E-commerce has replaced the traditional ways of business with the
new and closer relationship between the buyer and seller. E-commerce has also
highlighted the impact of time in business in terms of production, transactions, and
delivery (4). It has modified the workflow of the current business world. It is
providing a perfect commerce development which is assisting in ease of doing
digital business. Facts indicate that the sales figure of e-commerce are growing by
20-25% each year. (Smriti, 2020).

Problem Statement ( Abdul Wahab)

Ecommerce plays a significant role in the country’s economy. The boost in the E-
commerce sector would directly increase the GDP of the country as well. But,
currently, we are dealing with different problems related to Ecommerce. There are
no moral laws and rules related to E-commerce, causing too much fraud and
scams. The proper taxation system has not been addressed yet in this sector; thus,
revenue is not recorded in the GDP. However, if these problems are not addressed,
it would be a significant loss. ‘Communication is at the heart of e-commerce and
community’ (Meg Whiteman). Communication plays a major part between
ecommerce companies and the Government. Developing nations are progressing
fast with the help of the Ecommerce industry and giants. Pakistan still lacks in this
sector, which needs to be addressed as soon as possible by the authorities.

Research Questions (Abeen Shal)

• Does ecommerce growth affect growth in economy?

• How ecommerce helps the developing countries?
• What kind of laws and rules can be made and implemented to avoid frauds
and scams related to ecommerce?

Research Objectives ( Abeen Shal)

Following are the objectives of this study:

• To find out whether ecommerce growth affects the economy growth.

• To find out how ecommerce growth helps the developing countries.
• Determine laws and rules that should be implemented to avoid the frauds
and scams related to ecommerce.

Study Scope and Significance ( Zahoor)

The study must be conducted to finds out the major impacts of the e-commerce on
the economy and the extent of the effects of the e-commerce on the development
of the economy and developing nations or the youth in Pakistan. The goal of this
interrogation is to investigate the productivity and inflation or ecommerce growth
affects in the economy through e-commerce. This study is likely to help the
developing nations or youth, industries and giants in understanding the
effectiveness of ecommerce growth in the economy and taking appropriate action
to further improve the moral laws and rules related to ecommerce. Other business
sectors, the public sector and the education sector could also benefit from the
study’s findings.
Chapter # 02

Literature Review

Economy ( Saqib, Kainat and Abdul Wahab)

The new Economy could be information and technology, caused by globalization. Local factor
such as National Culture is very crucial part in the success of information and technology.
Researchers says that other factors could also be the crucial part of this i.e. gender because the
usage of information and technology depends on person to person and age to age of a person.
Business students from the US Greece and England, come up with this discussion of national
issue i.e. national control, privacy cost, and consumer’s preference and property rights.
Researcher conclude that there is no effect of gender among the ecommerce but the cultural
group. (Sagi, Carayannis, Dasgupta, & Thomas, 2004)

Economy could be characterized by learning economies in which knowledge is considered to be

the important resource and learning is considered to be the important process. The learning
economy is considered to be a fixed economy as a fundamental sense. Researchers argued that if
pure market economy exist, would have severe problems in learning and innovation. (Lundvall &
Johnson, 1994)

Informal economy gained renewed interest worldwide. Large share of global workforce and
economy is considered to be informal because of its growing in many context and appearing in
new places and guises. The linkage between informal economy, and formal institutions like
formal firms, formal regulations etc. Researchers proposes a comprehensive policy response, to
informal economy with four main pillars, i.e. create more formal jobs; regulate informal
enterprises and informal jobs; security of state.(Chen, 2012)

Developing Countries (Mustafa, Kainat and Abdul Wahab)

Developing Countries are those country which have low gross domestic product GDP per capita.
The Developing countries are heavily rely on agriculture and industries, To Grow faster
Developing countries are rapidly working on e commerce business to become more Advance in
Economically and Socially. (Chen, 2012)

Developing countries has shown massive potential in e commerce. The E commerce has given
ideal opportunities to the Developing countries because they will enhance their Social and
Economic development which will benefits the commercial productivity and lower the cost of
business and boost the economy of the developing countries. Adoption and Advancement of E
commerce in developing countries are necessary.(Chen, 2012)
In developing countries e commerce Growth is substantial. Many developing countries are
working on to develop a proper E commerce system which will benefits country economic
growth. Developing countries need to enhance and improve E commerce development to Grow
rapidly.(Chen, 2012)

E- Commerce ( Abeen and Zahoor)

E-commerce can be defined as the use of the Internet to conduct business transactions nationally
or internationally (WTO, 1998). E-commerce has two key roles; firstly as an effective channel
for the processing and integration of data, and secondly, as a possible way to transform many
economic activities (ECLAC, 2002).(Terzi, 2016)

E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) to buy and sell goods and services, or remittances or
data, electronically, primarily the Internet but all other activities associated with any transaction
such as: delivery, convenience and payment. Procurement and service management.(Anuj,
Fayaz, & Kapoor, 2018)

E-commerce applies to all online workloads. It also describes the exchange of data between the
financial, billing and payment aspects of e-transactions. Usually e-commerce and e-business are
used differently.(Anuj et al., 2018)

Today e-commerce has become an integral part of everyday life. As in the 21st century as the
internet became more and more important and needed, it will surely strive to achieve more
growth and sales online.(Anuj et al., 2018)

E-commerce is an important factor in improving productivity and economic efficiency and

increasing the rate of economic growth, where e-commerce increases the volume of investment
in information communication technology (ICT) resulting in productivity. Increases capacity
and economic growth.(Baytar, 2015)

E-commerce, in full electronic commerce, maintains relationships and conducts business

transactions including the sale of information, services and goods through computer
telecommunication networks. E-commerce generally refers only to the trade of goods and
services on the Internet, involving broader economic activity. E-commerce is business to
consumer and business to business as well as internal organizational transactions that support
these activities. (Zwass, V. 2019, August 15).
E-commerce is part of economics and traditional commerce, and is closely linked to other
disciplines such as administration and law. It requires an administrative and regular environment
that is conducive to its management and that is legal for the protection of its clients. E-
commerce, or electronic commerce, is the transfer of funds or data via the Internet to facilitate
the purchase and sale of goods and services. (Shatha Khalil February 7, 2018).

Electronic commerce (EC) in business represents an innovative initiative for an organization.

Innovation is something that reduces costs and increases quality and efficiency. Explains the
potential for e-commerce to support the process of procurement and procurement through
electronic communication networks. Thus, e-commerce identifies primarily business activities
among market participants..(Baytar, 2015)

Hypothesis ( Abdul Wahab and

H1: E-commerce growth leads to growth in economy.

E-commerce growth is increasing with the passage of time which leads to growth in the
economy. Pakistan has been on a mission for years to shake up its economy and create a cost-
effective agenda to achieve broad commercialization. The growth of e-commerce helps to
improve the economy's competitiveness, while its multiple effects also help to increase trade.
Pakistan's e-commerce market has the potential to create millions of jobs. Karachi Chamber of
Commerce and Industry pointed out that online portal like Daraz could generate one million
direct and indirect jobs by 2022.(Javed, 2020)

To some extent. The emerging IT sector, growth in population and the growth of people using
the internet have supported this mission. There are many things that have stopped Pakistan from
realizing its own potential and developing its own e-commerce systems. The two obvious factors
are the lack of literacy that is required to create a transaction from start to finish and the lack of
financial inclusion. PayPal, which is the preferred digital method of payment worldwide, is not
even available in Pakistan (Ali & Ishaq). 

As of year 2000, there was no concept of e-commerce in Pakistan, while America and Europe
had already started using e-commerce platforms. By watching how convenient it is to shop
online and how much stuff can be accomplished by utilizing e-commerce, developing countries
have also started using online platforms over time. Daraz, Food panda, Telemart, and others
started their businesses in Pakistan. It is now more frequently used, because it is more convenient
than physical shopping, which leads to the economy's growth by creating employment, taxation,
etc. According to a recent announcement from Amazon, it will allow Pakistani sellers to sell on
the site. The internet enables entrepreneurs without money to start their online businesses, such
as clothing brands, online kitchens, kids' toys, grocery stores, etc.
Chapter # 03

Methodology

Sampling Process: (Abeen Shal)

Population
Business owners from different organizations of Pakistan.

Sample frame
Sample frame is not present, so we will use non probability technique for determining sampling
frame.

Sampling procedure
Quota Sampling

Sample size
Population: 100 business owners

Sample size: 80 business owners

Source: https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm

Subject: each of the 80 business owners

Subdivided into: 40 (who are doing online business) and 40 (for brick and mortar business).

Philosophies ( Mustafa)

Positivism
The Impact of E Commerce on Economy has followed Positivism Philosophy because The
Position of Positivism is completely based on ideas that says scientific knowledge is acceptable
knowledge of this world. It further assures that scientific knowledge is true and characterized by
the test of the research question (hypothesis) which are derived from pre-existing theories.

Approaches ( Mustafa)

Deductive
In Impact of Ecommerce on Economy has use deductive approach because the deductive
approach develops the hypothesis upon a pre-existing theory and then helps to formulate the
research approach for testing. In Deductive Approach method is commonly used in quantitative
research.

Research Strategy (Zahoor)

The research is being conducted to identify studies that analyze the impact of e-commerce on the
economy. We are doing this research on the primary and secondary data base. The primary
method of data collection was a survey of customers of company Apple, this survey consisted of
5 multiple choice questions and 10 question with 7 point scale responses, the size of the sample
is 350 customers and the way to collect data is to answer the question. Another way to do
research was to collect previous data from Google Scholar, such as our secondary database for
finding relevant articles. The keywords used for the research were as follows:
1. “Impact of ecommerce on economy”
2. “Role of ecommerce in developing economy”
3. “Economic and social impact of ecommerce”
4. “Impact of ecommerce society”
5. “Ecommerce importance for economic development”

Research Choice: (Zahoor)

From the three research choices, we are going to choose the mixed method approach, we have
chosen this method because mixed method give result Mixed method is especially useful in
understanding the discrepancy between quantitative results and quality search. We have used
both qualitative and quantitative approaches in research, we have done this to better understand
the problem and to get more complete evidence. Our research will collect primary data through a
questionnaire, which will be based on quantity based on the number of samples. To gather our
secondary data, we gathered information from qualitative research. Combining the data sets can
lead to a better understanding of the problem and more complete evidence.

Time horizon: ( Saqib)

We have two-time horizon.

1. Cross-sectional research

2. Longitudinal research

Longitudinal research:
Longitudinal research involves collecting data over a period of time. The research we conduct is
longitudinal. We collected data from articles, journals, websites, and books from different time
periods. The Pakistani economy is growing because more people are using e-commerce
platforms than 5 to 10 years ago.

Procedure and Techniques (Saqib)

Data Collection
We will collect the data from different sources for this research paper. Our primary source will
be the questionnaire and secondary sources are books, newspaper, fellow beings, and journal
articles etc.

Data Analysis
We analyze that data on opinion and on the basis of factual and some logical information, we
will also conduct some impromptu surveys with the people surrounding us to recognize the
collected information

REFERENCES:
Sagi, J., Carayannis, E., Dasgupta, S., & Thomas, G. (2004). ICT and business in the new economy:
globalization and attitudes towards eCommerce. Journal of Global Information Management
(JGIM), 12(3), 44-64.
Lundvall, B. Ä., & Johnson, B. (1994). The learning economy. Journal of industry studies, 1(2), 23-42.

Chen, M. A. (2012). The informal economy: Definitions, theories and policies (Vol. 1, No. 26, pp. 90141-
4). WIEGO working Paper.

Efendioglu, A. M., Yip, V. F., & Murray, W. L. (2005, January). E-Commerce in developing countries:
issues and influences. In Proceedings of the IBEC Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii (pp. 10-15).

Humphrey, J., Mansell, R., Paré, D., & Schmitz, H. (2003). Reality of e-commerce with developing
countries.

Alyoubi, A. A. (2015). E-commerce in developing countries and how to develop them during the
introduction of modern systems. Procedia Computer Science, 65, 479-483.

Terzi, N. (2016). The impact of e-commerce on international trade and employment. In Encyclopedia of
E-Commerce Development, Implementation, and Management (pp. 2271-2287). IGI Global.

Baytar, C. U. (2015). The Impact of e-commerce on economic growth: A Bibliometric study. In Global
Business Research Symposium.

Fichter, K. (2001). Environmental effects of e-business and Internet economy. Borderstep Institute for
Innovation and Sustainability, Berlin, Working Paper for the German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU).

Kraemer, K. L., Dedrick, J., Melville, N. P., & Zhu, K. (Eds.). (2006). Global e-commerce: impacts of
national environment and policy. Cambridge University Press.

Ali, S. M., & Ishaq, A. Prospects and Challenges of Adopting E-Commerce System in Pakistan–An
Empirical Research. International Journal of Computer Applications, 975, 8887.
Anuj, K., Fayaz, F., & Kapoor, N. (2018). Impact of e-commerce in Indian economy. IOSR Journal of
Business and Management (IOSRJBM) e-ISSN, 59-71.
Baytar, C. (2015). The Impact of e-commerce on economic growth: A Bibliometric study. Paper presented
at the Global Business Research Symposium.
Chen, M. A. (2012). The informal economy: Definitions, theories and policies. Retrieved from
Javed, A. (2020). The scope of information and communication technology enabled services in
Promoting Pakistan Economy. Asian Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 1-9.
Lundvall, B.-ä., & Johnson, B. (1994). The learning economy. Journal of industry studies, 1(2), 23-42.
Sagi, J., Carayannis, E., Dasgupta, S., & Thomas, G. (2004). ICT and business in the new economy:
globalization and attitudes towards eCommerce. Journal of Global Information Management
(JGIM), 12(3), 44-64.
Terzi, N. (2016). The impact of e-commerce on international trade and employment Encyclopedia of E-
Commerce Development, Implementation, and Management (pp. 2271-2287): IGI Global.
Zwass, V. (2019, August 15). E-commerce. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/e-commerce
(Shatha Khalil February 7, 2018). https://rawabetcenter.com/en/?p=5241