UNIT-II TEAM BUILDING

Syllabus: Team building: Developing teams and team work, advantages of team,
leading team, team membership. Team management, networking skills, interaction
across business functions Skill development and skill application.

TEAM: “Team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a
common purpose. Common performance goals and an approach for which they hold themselves
mutually accountable”.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TEAM
● A team includes few people because functioning, interaction and influence process in a team can
only occur with small number of members in team.
● Team includes people with complementary or mix skills that is appropriate to the task to be done.
● Team has a common purpose and common performance goals. Common goals sets the direction
of the team. A team has a common task. work in same department and reports to same
supervisors.
● Team has a common approach towards work, social norms, attendance at meetings, norms
regarding behaviour attitudes etc.
● Team is mutually accountable for results rather than individually. Mutual accountability is a
promise that members make to each other to do everything possible to achieve their goals.
● They are empowered to share various management and leadership functions.
● They plan, control and improve their own work process.
● They set their own goals and inspect their own work.
● They create their schedules and review their performance.
● They prepare their own budgets and co-ordinate.
● They keep inventory records and deals with suppliers.
● They are responsible for acquiring any training according to requirements.
TYPES OF TEAMS
1. Work Teams: Work teams are the teams formed for specific work purpose in the organization such
as developing and manufacturing new products, providing costumer services by effectively using
organizational resources. Work teams are highly empowered.
2. Problem Solving Teams: These are the temporary team established to solve the specific
problems of workplace and usually disbanded or gets separated after solving the particular
assigned problem.
3. Cross-Functional Teams: Cross-functional teams are the teams in which all the team members
come from different functional areas and specialized fields and generally offer recommendations
for solving particular problem. Members of the team usually work on some hierarchal level at
different departments or area of specialization.
4. Virtual Teams: These are the teams that never actually meet together in the same room. Their
activities take place on the computer via tele conferencing and other electronic information
system.
5. Self-Managing Teams: These are the teams empowered to make decisions required to manage
themselves on a day-to-day basis. Members have to make decisions on work scheduling, training,
allocation of work, evaluating performance etc. Members are collectively held responsible for the
teams overall performance. Self managing teams are permanent and formal in organisations
structure.

TEAM VS GROUP
COMPARISON BETWEEN WORK TEAMS AND
WORK GROUPS
Work Teams Work
Groups
1 1 The basic objective of work groups is to
The Teams have their own specific
. . Contribute to the goals of
objectives.
the organization.
2 A work team generates positive synergy 2 The performance of a work-group is
. through coordinated effort. The level of . merely the summation of each group

Performance of a team is greater than the member's individual contribution.

 sum of individual contribution of
members.
3 The team does not have a clearly focused 3. Every work-group have strong
. leader, it has shared leadership roles. and
clearly focused leaders.
4 In a team, there is both individual and 4. In the work-group, the members are
. mutual accountability. individually accountable.
5 The team, generally, encourages open 5. The work-group has formal and efficient
. ended active problem solving meetings. meetings.
6 6. The effectiveness of the work-group is
. The effectiveness of the team is directly measured indirectly. For example, if
measured with reference to the team the overall performance of the business
objective. is good, it will be presumed that the
groups have effectively contributed to
the Performance.

Team comprises of all the members to work in a coordinated and cooperative manner for achieving
common goals or purpose and are jointly held responsible whereas a group consist of two or more
individuals who come together to achieve a common goal. Members interact, share information and
help each other but do not engage in activities leading to joint, coordinated efforts. In group all the
members are individually responsible for their performance.

STAGES OF TEAM FORMATION/DEVELOPMENT

There are basically six stages in a team development process which are been described as:
1. Forming: This is the first stage of team development process. In this stage there is a great deal of
uncertainty about the team purpose, structure & leadership. No strategies have be decided for to be
achieved by team members, no acceptable set of norms & behavior is been framed for the
functioning of team. Members of the team are not familiar with each under this stage & they try to
explore each others so that they can accept themselves as a group & commit group goals. Leaders
in this stage plays a very important role for establishing a team spirit among members by motivating
and maintaining co-ordination among members. Leadership style should be high task/low
relationship in terms of explaining the skills required for achieving tasks of low task/high
relationship in terms of involving all team members to work team goals.
2. Storming: At this stage there is a struggle in between the team members which results in team
instability for some time. Team conflict arises as the members of the team are not clear or satisfy
with their roles & set standards of behaviour expectations from them being team members.
Members of the team focus more on their individual powers, roles and behaviour being in the team
for achieving team goals. Main objective at this stage for a leader is to resolve conflicts among
individuals about powers, roles, task structure and to bring all the members together to create team
cohesiveness among them so that collectively they can contribute their efforts for achieving goals
of team.
3. Norming: This is stage of team cohesion among the members of tam. This stage is characterized
by a growth of affection & establishment of personal relationship. There will be a sense of team
spirit & identity among the members. Participants will take initiative to resolve conflicts among
each other. Team tasks and goals will be accepted by all members mutually.
Team standards, norms & behaviors will be formed & accepted. Members roles in good
achievements will be decided. Members of team will work with complete involvements mental
support & group harmony to achieve the desired outcomes.

4. Performing: This stage of team development is characterized by “doing or action stage." All the
conflicts get resolved & members of team tends to contribute there efforts for achieving team goals
& outcomes. Productivity is at its peak. All the team members work with complete team spirit &
unity for achieving goals. Team is mature enough at this stage to attend to its own needs both
interms of task & relationship. There will be high flexibility, positive attitude to work success,
problem
– solving approach, more positive handling of conflicts, shorted values of high level f performance
among team members.
5. Adjourning: As the task of team is been accomplished all the team members will adjourn and will
be separated an get back to their regular lives if team is been formed temporary for specific tasks
only. This stage ranges from sadness and depression at the loss of friendship to happiness and
fulfillment of task performance. All the members of he team take some experience working as a
team members achieving team goals
 FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE TEAMS
1. Clear Goals: Clarity in goals, objectives or task of the team give them the clear knowledge of the
results to be achieved by them as well as the process or directions which they have to follow for
achieving goals.
2. Relevant Skills: Members of effective team should have the relevant technical, managerial &
interpersonal skills to achieve the desired goals and objectives.
3. Mutual Trust: Effective team’s members should have high level mutual trust i.e. members must
believe in integrity, character and ability of one another. This trust creates a good organizational
culture.
4. Unity in Commitment: Members of an effective team have unified commitment and dedication
towards team & team goals. They have a desire to show synergy to achieve team goals.
5. Good Communication: Members of effective teams should have good interpersonal skills among
team members. This develops a good understanding & co-operation among members.
6. Negotiating Skills: Effective teams should be flexible in nature and team members should posses
adequate negotiating skills and ability to reconcile the differences and conflicts.
7. Effective Leadership: Effective leadership is required for building and managing the effective
team and team members. Good leaders self-confidence of team members and guide & support them.
8. Supportive Environment: Supportive environment is essential for effective team work. Effective
team should have proper training system, required resources and supportive human resource
management.
9. Team Rewards: Effective team should be rewarded for their efforts towards goals achievement.
Rewards can be financial or non-financial like recognition in nature. Team Rewards helps in
enhancing motivation and confidence of team members.
10. Clarify of Role: Effective team can be build if the members of team are clear with their role or
job they have to perform for achieving team objectives.

ADVANTAGES OF TEAM
1. Synergy : Team have the potential to create higher level of productivity due to positive synergy
created by all the team members which results in effective results in performance of the team more
than the performance or results of individual members.
2. Improve organizational Communication: Team encourages interactions which lead to effective
interpersonal communication and good understanding between all members in organisation. This
also leads to effective ways of resolving conflicts among members.
3. Commitment Towards Goals: Team creates a common commitment upon specific goals that
 results in high degree of commitment to common team goals. The individual give priority to
common goals than to their personal goals.
4. Flexibility: Members in team are more flexible and responsive to change than individually or in
other form of grouping. Teams have the capability to quickly assemble, deploy, refocus and
disband.
5. Effective Job Training: Team work or team goals always need effective job training to be
achieved. Through training the team members can build their technical, decision-making and
interpersonal skills.

6. Enhances Employee Motivation: Work team encourages employee motivation as it increase

employee involvement and make the employees to perform better making them realize that their
contribution is important for he success of team.

PROBLEMS OF TEAM
According to John Newstrom and Keith Davis “Effective team in action are a pleasure to observe”.
1. Team grows slowly but sometimes it declines quickly.
2. Frequent changes and employee transfers in team effects relationship among team members as
well as growth of team work.
3. The extensive participation of all the members of team in decision-making consumes large
amount of time and sometimes leads to conflicts.
4. Sometimes there could be partiality in allocating task or reward among team members which
leads to dissatisfaction among team members.
5. Some times team standards are often high than management standards of organization which
leads to imbalance.

STEPS FOR EFFECTIVE TEAM WORK

1. Proper Selection of Team Members: Team members should be selected on the basis of their
knowledge skill and relevant experience required for accomplishing team goals. Selection of team
members should be done very carefully because effective team members can only help in achieving
the main purpose or objectives of teams. Team members should have effective technical problem,
interpersonal skills and problem solving skills.
2. Setting Challenging Goals:- Goal of team should be challenging which requires focus, attention
unified efforts and cohesiveness from the team members to achieve them. There should be
unified commitment of team members towards goals.
 3. Establish Proper Rules and Regulations: To get effective results, a team must develop rules
of conduct for the members. These rules are related with:-
1. Punctuality and Regularity
2. Confidentiality
3. Proper Behavior amongst members
4. Respect and Dignity Among members.
5. Relevant Communication
6. Task Oriented Approach
7. Constructive Confrontation i.e. no Finger Painting
4. Time Boundation: Team work is performed better under pressure of time. All the team members
should be made realize that goal to be achieved are urgent and important and those have to be achieve
in particular time period. More urgent and meaningful target leads to more effective team
performance.
5. Selection of Right People for Right Job: Principle of “Right man for right job” should be followed
by the team. Team members should be selected according to the needs and preference of team job.
Members should be given their job roles according to the skills and qualities they posses required
for achieving team goal i.e. people who are appropriate for the job should be placed for doing that
particular job.
6. Establish Accountability: All teams members are individually and mutually accountable for team
purpose, goals and outcomes. Every member should be very clear as to what they are individually
responsible for or else members try to take advantage of group efforts because their individual’s
contributions can’t be identified.
7. Development Trust: There should be high level mutual trust among members and they should
believe in integrity, character, competence consistency, loyalty and openness towards each other.
8. Rewards and Recognition: Rewards and recognition can improve team efforts and
commitments, suitable rewards can be given to the team members for their
contributions.

TEAM MANAGEMENT
Following methods should be adopted for effective team management
1. Management of Goals or Task: Effective teams have clear goals and all the team
members should properly understand and accept the goals. Proper supervision and
appraisal is required time to time for the progress made by team members toward
goals achievement. Managers should ensure that proper process and directions are
been followed by all the team members to achieve goals and task on time.
2. Proper Planning: Good planning is crucial to the team because teams need to know
why they exist, what they are supposed to accomplish and who else is involved with
them in the team.Proper planning helps in formulating and implementing plans by
examining alternative and selecting activities which leads to successful results.
Effective planning helps in dividing work into logical tasks, assigning tasks,
resources and responsibility, develop information on communication system across
organization.
3. Organizing: Effective team management could be done by properly organizing
issues of team and clarification of authority. If the team is self-directed, it is
empowered with the authority to make certain decisions and work activities and if
team is not self-managed what team has to do and what not to do becomes
important. Work teams can be given more authority about what they do and when
they do if organisational culture is supportive. The team should know its authority
constraints.
4. Effective Leadership: Effective team leaders are required for efficient team
management. Leader directs the efforts of team members. Team leader is more of a
 coach and facilitator than a ‘Person Incharge’. A leader should have strong
interpersonal skills so that you can under stand team work duties. A leader can
promote individual participation,
5. Controlling: In controlling a team the manager must consider two important issues:

(a) How will the team’s performance will be evaluated.

(b) What type of reward system will be used.

Manager should use collective monitoring system in deciding team rewards and in
performance evaluation. Needs and preference of team job. Members should be given
their job roles according to the skills and qualities they posses required for achieving
team goals i.e. people who are appropriate for the job should be placed for doing that
particular job.
6. Team spirit and shared values: - Effective monitoring should be done for the team
members to follow the standards of behavior and attitudes that all members of the team
should be agree and follow. Team management should spirit should be maintained in
team for implementing some important decisions.
BELBEIN’S TEAM ROLES
1. Creators
(a) Plant:- Plant is the team source of original ideas, suggestions and proposals.
Plant is the most imaginative as well as
. They see the relevance of new ideas and then explore to search for the various
sources of implementing those ideas
2. Leaders
(a) Co-ordinators:- They are best suited to lead the team. The Co-ordinators
is the one who presides over the team and co-ordinate its effects to meet
external goals and targets. They are the social leaders, calm, self-confident &
controlled.

3. Shapers: - The principal function of shapers is to give a shape to the application

of the team efforts. They always try to unite ideas, objectives, practical
considerations and ideas.Implementers
(a) Team-Builder:-Team builder has an ability to respond to people and to
situations and to promote team spirit. Team builder act as a mediator in between
 team members and try to maintain a stability in team and team performance.
(b) Team-implementers:- Team implementer is a person who turns decisions and
strategies into defined and manageable task to be achieved by people. Team
implementer is a practical organiser, conservative dutiful and predictable. They
are hard – working and self disciplined.
4. Completers
(a) Monitor Evaluators: - ME’s are the members who play the role of over all
evaluating the team performance with established standard rules and
regulations. They have good analytical skills rather than creativity and
intelligence.
(b) Complete Finisher:- They believe in perfectionism and worry about that
might go wrong and they never ease until they have personality checked every
detail and made sure that everything has been done and nothing has been
overlooked.

TEAM LEADERSHIP
TYPES OF TEAM LEADERSHIP
1. Strategic Leadership: - A strategic leadership provides the umbrella under which
team devises appropriate strategies and create value. Under this type of leadership a
vision / purpose and direction is been provided to team and simultaneously provides
the complete roadmap or direction to be followed to achieve those purpose or
objectives. Strategic leaders make sure that the team is going in the right direction
to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
2. Results - Based Leadership:- Under result based leadership leaders strive for
excellence in attributes and result achievement. Result based leadership mainly
focus an employing organizational resources and capabilities effectively and
efficiently under competent leadership to achieve desired results.
3. Volatility Leadership :- Under volatility leadership leader help in guiding teams in
volatile times, they guide the teams how to act boldly to safeguard the organization
from unpredictable changes and inherent dangers, rapid upturns and down turns and
to lead organization to a better future.
4. Entrepreneurial Leadership:- Entrepreneurial leadership involves instilling the
confidence to think new creative and “out of box”. Leaders encourages tem members
to think or new ideas and to commercialize them into actions for the benefit of
 organization. Leaders with entrepreneurial leadership style are creative. Innovative
and they always find resource and season for exploit good opportunities. They are
good team - builders and know to mange change & risk.
5. Situational Leadership:- Situational leadership styles very according to the
employees competences in their areas and their commitments towards their tasks.
There are mainly four styles of leading :-
(a) Directing
(b) Coaching
(c) Supporting
(d) Delegating
Leaders can choose any style of leading team according to the situation. Some times
any one or all four style of leadership can be used by leaders following situational
leadership.
6. Super Leadership:- Super leadership style mainly focus on empowered self
leadership. A super leader is one who leads others to lead themselves, through
designing and implementing teaches employees to be self leaders. Main function of
super leadership is to produce more leaders not more followers. Super leadership
leads to high team performance, flexibility, development and self- confidence
among team members.
7. Value Based Leadership:- Value based leadership includes all the three factors:-
(i) Effectiveness:-measuring achievement of the objectives.

(ii) Morality:- measuring how change affects concerned parties.

(iii) Time:- measuring the desirability of any goal over the long team.
Value based leadership is to lead by understanding ideas values and needs of
followers and creating such conditions in which all the followers can perform
effectively & independently towards a single objective valued both by organization and
team members.
8. Principle-Centered Leadership: - Under principle centered leadership leaders are
of the character who work on the basis natural principles and build those principles
center of to their lives, relationship and profession. They usually lead the teams on
the basis of their principles and thoughts.
 SKILLS NEEDED FO REFLECTIVE TEAM BUILDING
1. Effective Leadership: - Leadership is about getting others to take action. If
leadership effectiveness is lacking then team directions will be disturbed and proper
efforts will not be put by team members to achieve goals and objectives. Effective
leadership result in high productivity, less stress, high motivation, more profits,
creativity, clear vision good communication and ability to attract and retain the right
people.
2. Communication Skills: - For effective team management proper communication
and interpersonal skills is required. Team members should involve in free flow and
exchange of information, thoughts and ideas amongst each other so that goals and
objectives could be efficiently achieved. Goals and task roles should be properly
communicated to all the team members. Group behavior should also be
communicated.
3. Effective Listening: - Effective listening is a very important skills for team
building. Listening is an important part of the communication process. It demand
intellectual, perhaps even emotional effect and total concentration, Listening helps
in making team members more clear about goals, objectives of teams as well as
directions and process needed to be followed to achieve those goals.
4. Collaboration: - Collaboration enables understanding team process.
Collaboration implies that team members are walking together effectively and
efficiently interpersonally. Developing team through collaboration involves
understanding roles and responsibilities of members, team leaders, managers and
organizational involvement
5. Risk taking & innovation skills:- changing scenario in corporate usually involves
creative thinking, unique solutions and new ideas as well as reasonable risk taking
ability. Employees having these qualities can form a better team.
6. Co-ordination :- Team co-ordination is necessary among members for the effective
functioning. Team is coordinated by central leadership that assist team to obtain
team spirit, unity and successful accomplishment of goals.
7. Technical & Problem Solving Skills: Team members should have required
technical knowledge, skills, experience &problem salving skills required for
achieving team goals.
 TEAM DEVELOPMENT
1. Balanced Roles: - People with different work preferences must gain entry into
teams rather than like minded people so that different roles could be assigned to
different people according to their knowledge, skill and experience. Proper size of
team involves members ranging between 5 to 12.
2. Open Communication: - Communication should be open flexible and capable of
building trust among people.
3. Handling Stress: Working in team the key skill which is developed is the ability to
recognize that when either individual or collective stress is becoming a problem and
how to reduce it.
4. Team Goals: Team make sense only when there is a common goal which requires
collective action. Goals provides the objective, purpose as direction to the team.
5. Review Performance: For a team success there must be proper control over the
team's activities and outcomes so that proper performance could be ensured.
6. Shared Leadership: Teams need different form of leadership at different
times. Both leaders and members must be willing to exchange roles depending on
situations.

7. Facilitation Skills: Team meetings should be well organized, allowing enough

room for all to express their feelings and thoughts properly.
8. Consensus: Team decisions need to be based on consensus i.e. all the members
should commonly or in majority should be agreed in implementing some
important decisions.