Teaching and Assessment of Macro Skills

TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT

OF THE MACRO SKILL

ELECTIVE SUBJECT
(Weeks 1-7)

Name: __________________ Score: ___________

Course: _________________ Date: ____________
OBJECTIVE

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 Teaching and Assessment of Macro Skills

In this Chapter, you are expected to:

a. Define the meaning of macro skills,
b. Enumerate the different macro skills,
c. Give examples of each skills, and
d. Apply the reading and writing skills.
Macro skills are most commonly referred to listening, speaking, reading and writing in English
language. Listening: This is a communication technique that requires the listener to understand,
interpret and evaluate what he or she hears.

Macro Skills in Learning

The four macro skills of communication are listening, talking, reading and writing. This
is true for essentially any language. Babies develop language skills by first listening and then
speaking, followed by reading and writing. When learning a new language, the best way to do so
is by engaging in a balance of each of these areas, as they are all interconnected. The skills that
aren’t practiced will end up being weaker.

Types of Macro Skills

1. Listening - make an effort to hear something; be alert and ready to hear something.
2. Speaking - the action of conveying information or expressing one's thoughts and feelings
in spoken language.
3. Reading - is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting meaning
from them.
4. Writing - the activity or skill of marking coherent words on paper and composing text.

Listening
Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication
process.

Three (3) Common Modes of Listening

1. Competitive Listening - Competitive or Combative Listening happens when we are more
interested in promoting our own point of view than in understanding or exploring
someone else's view. ... In Passive or Attentive Listening we are genuinely interested
in hearing and understanding the other person's point of view.
2. Passive Listening - Passive listening is little more than hearing. Passive
listening is listening without reacting: allowing someone to speak, without interrupting.
Not doing anything else at the same time, and yet not really paying attention to what's
being said.

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 Teaching and Assessment of Macro Skills

3. Active Listening - Active listening is a skill that can be acquired and developed with
practice. ... 'Active listening' means, as its name suggests, actively listening. That is fully
concentrating on what is being said rather than just passively 'hearing' the message of the
speaker.

Speaking
Speaking is done through the vocalization of human communication. Speaking depends
on the text where in communication will take place. Speaking can be formal or informal.
Two (2) Types of Speaking
1. Formal - Formal language is a style of speech used when you are speaking to someone
you don't know or on whom you want to make a good impression. Informal language is a
style of speech where choice of words and grammar tends to be familiar rather
than formal.

2. Informal - Informal speech is speech that is casual and relaxed, like conversations with

friends. Informal speech may include slang, contractions and colloquial phrases.

Writing
Writing is the process of using symbols to communicate thoughts ideas in a readable
form. Writing allows for a more meaningful and in-depth transmission of ideas compared to
speaking.
Types of Writing
1. Narration - means the art of storytelling, and the purpose of narrative writing is to tell
stories. Any time you tell a story to a friend or family member about an event or incident
in your day, you engage in a form of narration. In addition, a narrative can be factual or
fictional.
2. Persuasive writing - is a form of writing in which the writer uses words to convince the
reader that the writer's opinion is correct in regards to an issue.
3. Descriptive writing - is a literary device in which the author uses details to paint a
picture with their words. This process will provide readers with descriptions of people,
places, objects, and events through the use of suitable details.

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4. The expository essay is a genre of essay that requires the student to investigate an idea,
evaluate evidence, expound on the idea, and set forth an argument concerning that idea in
a clear and concise manner.
What is the Writing Process?
Writing is a complex combination of skills which is best taught by breaking down the process.
The writing process involves a series of steps to follow in producing a finished piece of writing.
Educators have found that by focusing on the process of writing, almost everyone learns to write
successfully. By breaking down writing step-by-step, the mystery is removed and writer’s block
is reduced. Most importantly, students discover the benefits of constructive feedback on their
writing, and they progressively master, and even enjoy, writing.
Although they will often overlap, and sometimes students will move back and forth between
them, the writing process can generally be broken down stages. When a student learns to
internalize the 5 steps of the writing process, he or she will likely produce a logical and well-
written composition.
Stages of the Writing Process
1. Prewriting - This is the planning phase of the writing process, when students brainstorm,
research, gather and outline ideas, often using diagrams for mapping out their thoughts.
Audience and purpose should be considered at this point, and for the older students, a
working thesis statement needs to be started.
2. Drafting - Students create their initial composition by writing down all their ideas in an
organized way to convey a particular idea or present an argument. Audience and purpose
need to be finalized.
3. Revising - Students review, modify, and reorganize their work by rearranging, adding, or
deleting content, and by making the tone, style, and content appropriate for the intended
audience. The goal of this phase of the writing process is to improve the draft.
4. Editing - At this point in the writing process, writers proofread and correct errors in
grammar and mechanics, and edit to improve style and clarity. Having another writer’s
feedback in this stage is helpful.
5. Publishing - In this last step of the writing process, the final writing is shared with the
group. Sharing can be accomplished in a variety of ways, and with the help of computers,
it can even be printed or published online.
Why Is the Writing Process Important?
Writing emphasizes the writing process because it emphasizes the value of dialogue as a
teaching technique. Teaching the writing process empowers students by asking them to talk
about their writing at every step of the writing process. Students submit work according to a set
schedule of lessons and assignments, and instructors provide feedback on the work, mixing
encouragement with constructive criticism. Students apply these comments to the next step in

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that assignment. Both exchange comments about the writing, creating a conversation between
instructor and student — both about the content of the writing and about the process of doing the
work.

Reading
Reading comprehension involves decodes symbols with the intention of deriving
meaning from the text. This can be used for sharing knowledge, for self-development or simply
for relaxation.
Macro skills
Macro skills are most commonly referred to listening, speaking, reading and writing in
English language. Listening: This is a communication technique that requires the listener to
understand, interpret and evaluate what he or she hears.

Two (2) Types of Skills

1. Receptive Skills - Reading and listening involve receiving information
2. Productive skills - Speaking and writing are known as the productive skills because
they involve producing words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs.
THE FOUR SPEAKING SKILLS
1. FLUENCY - Fluency is about how comfortable and confident you are in speaking
English. It is the ability to speak or write a foreign language easily and accurately.
2. VOCABULARY- Vocabulary is all about the words in a language or a special set of
words you are trying to learn.
3. GRAMMAR - the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general,
usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and
sometimes also phonology and semantics.
4. PRONUNCIATION - Pronunciation is a complex area, with a lot of sub skills that can
be practiced. It is the act or result of producing the sounds of speech, including
articulation, stress, and intonation, often with reference to some standard.

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

TEACHER
 Socio-Affective
• a wide range of items such as motivating students
• sparing time for students when they ask for help

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 Teaching and Assessment of Macro Skills

• being enthusiastic for teaching

• having positive attitudes towards students
• responding to students’ needs and providing a stress-free classroom atmosphere

 Pedagogical Knowledge
• one should have the knowledge of how to do it
• should be aware of the procedures and the strategies to follow in the process
• an effective teacher needs both field specific knowledge and knowledge of how to
present it
• providing students with an environment in which they can be relaxed in order to learn
• arousing and sustaining interest, motivating students, giving positive reinforcement,
allocating more time to preparation and delivery.
•
 Subject-Matter Knowledge
• teachers should possess regarding their specific field
• teachers know about what they teach
• use different phases of the educational process such as using target language effectively
in class, integrating lessons based on students’ backgrounds and preparing effective
lesson plans.

 Personality Characteristics
• teachers are also supposed to have some essential personal characteristics to teach
effectively and to be successful in their profession
• personal qualities an effective teacher should have as follows: being challenging and
having reasonably high expectations, having sense of humor, being enthusiastic and
creative.
Teaching Styles
What are teaching styles? Teaching styles, also called teaching methods, are considered
to be the general principles, educational, and management strategies for classroom instruction.
The use of different teaching styles started in the beginning of the twentieth century.
Five (5) Common Teaching Styles
1. Authority or Lecture Style – teacher-centered, frequent lengthy lecturers, one-way
Presentation.
2. Demonstrator or Coach Style- show knowledge, includes activities, and demonstrations.
3. Facilitator or Activity Style – promote self-learning, self-actualization, and critical thinking
skills.
4. Delegator or Group Style – best for laboratory activities and peer feedback activities.
5. Hybrid or Blended Style – blends the teacher’s personality and interest with student’s
needs.

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