Unit 7 : Decimals

Friendly Notes

Tenths, Hundredths, and Thousandths

1 one = 10 tenths
1 tenth = 10 hundredths
1 hundredth = 10 thousandths

1. Write 42 tenths as a decimal.

42 tenths = 40 tenths + 2 tenths

= 4 ones + 2 tenths
= 4 + 0.2
= 4.2

2. Find the value of the digit 6 in 2.563.

2.563 = 2 ones 5 tenths 6 hundredths 3 thousandths

= 2 + 0.5 + 0.06 + 0.003

The digit 6 is in the hundredths place.

The value of the digit 6 is 0.06.

2.563 has 3 decimal places.

The tenths place, hundredths
place, and thousandths place
are called decimal places.

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 3. What number is 0.001 more than 5.083?

5.083 = 5 ones + 8 hundredths + 3 thousandths

0.001 = 1 thousandth
3 thousandths + 1 thousandth = 4 thousandths

5.084 is 0.001 more than 5.083.

4. Which is smaller, 8.246 or 8.232?

Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

8 2 4 6

8 2 3 2
3 hundredths is smaller than 4 hundredths.
So, 8.232 is smaller.

5. Which is greater, 51.378 or 51.379?

Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

5 1 3 7 8
5 1 3 7 9
9 thousandths is greater than 8 thousandths.
So, 51.379 is greater.

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 Approximation

To round a decimal to the nearest whole number, we look at the

digit in the first decimal place. If it is 5 or greater, we round up.
If it is less than 5, we round down.

1. Round 4.2 m to the nearest meter.

The digit 2 in the first

4.2 decimal place is less than
5. So, we round down.
4.2 m ≈ 4 m

To round a decimal to 1 decimal place, we look at the digit in

the second decimal place. If it is 5 or greater, we round up.
If it is less than 5, we round down.

2. Round 6.28 to 1 decimal place.

6.28
The digit 8 in the second
6.28 ≈ 6.3 decimal place is greater
than 5. So, we round up.

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 3. Round 10.845 to 1 decimal place.

The digit 4 in the second

10.845 decimal place is less than 5.
So, we round down.
10.845 ≈ 10.8

To round a decimal to 2 decimal places, we look at the digit in

the third decimal place. If it is 5 or greater, we round up. If it is
less than 5, we round down.

4. Round 15.649 to 2 decimal places.

The digit 9 in the third

15.649 decimal place is greater
than 5. So, we round up.
15.649 ≈ 15.65

5. Round 103.821 to 2 decimal places.

103.821 ≈ 103.82
103.821

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 Add and Subtract Decimals

1. Add 5.84 and 6.78.

1 1 1 1 1
5 . 8 4 5 . 8 4 5 . 8 4
+ 6 . 7 8 + 6 . 7 8 + 6 . 7 8
2 6 2 1 2 . 6 2
Add the Add the Add the
hundredths. tenths. ones.

2. Subtract 4.29 from 7.03.

6 9 13 6 9 13 6 9 13
7 . 0 3 7 . 0 3 7 . 0 3
− 4 . 2 9 − 4 . 2 9 − 4 . 2 9
4 7 4 2 . 7 4
Subtract the Subtract the Subtract the
hundredths. tenths. ones.

3. Estimate. Then find the value of 2.2 + 4.95.

2.2 + 4.95 ≈ 2 + 5
=7
2.2 + 4.95 = 7.15

4. Estimate. Then find the value of 8.05 – 3.47.

8.05 – 3.47 ≈ 8.10 – 3.50

= 4.60
8.05 – 3.47 = 4.58
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 Multiply and Divide Decimals by a 1-Digit
Whole Number

1. Multiply 8.62 by 4.

2 2
8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2
× 4 × 4 × 4
8 4 8 3 4 . 4 8

Multiply the Multiply the Multiply the

hundredths tenths by 4. ones by 4.
by 4.

2. Divide 3.15 by 5.

0 . 6 0 . 6 3
5 ) 3 . 1 5 5 ) 3 . 1 5
3 0 3 0
1 1 5
1 5
0
Divide 31 Divide 15
tenths by 5. hundredths by 5.

3. Estimate. Then find the value of 3.12 × 4.

3.12 × 4 ≈ 3 × 4
= 12
3.12 × 4 = 12.48

4. Estimate. Then find the value of 14.6 ÷ 8.

14.6 ÷ 8 ≈ 16 ÷ 8
=2
14.6 ÷ 8 = 1.825
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 Multiplication by Tens, Hundreds, or Thousands

The value of a decimal is increased 10 times when multiplied

by 10.

1. Multiply 0.425 by 10.

0.425 × 10 = 4.25
0.425
0.425 × 101 = 4.25

2. Multiply 0.425 by 20.

0.425 × 20 = 0.425 × 2 × 10 When a decimal is multiplied
by 10, we move the decimal
= 0.85 × 10 point 1 place to the right.
= 8.5

The value of a decimal is increased 100 times when

multiplied by 100.

3. Multiply 3.806 by 100.

3.806 × 100 = 380.6 3.806
3.806 × 102 = 380.6

When a decimal is multiplied by 100, we

move the decimal point 2 places to the right.

4. Multiply 3.806 by 500.

3.806 × 500 = 3.806 × 5 × 100
= 19.03 × 100 19.03
= 1,903

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 The value of a decimal is increased 1,000 times when multiplied
by 1,000.

5. Multiply 4.782 by 1,000.

4.782 × 1,000 = 4,782
4.782 × 103 = 4,782 4.782

When a decimal is multiplied by 1,000, we

move the decimal point 3 places to the right.

6. Multiply 0.365 by 6,000.

0.365 × 6,000 = 0.365 × 6 × 1,000
= 2.19 × 1,000
= 2,190 2.190

Division by Tens, Hundreds, or Thousands

The value of a decimal is reduced 10 times when divided

by 10.

1. Divide 0.89 by 10.

0.89
0.89 ÷ 10 =
10
0.89
= 0.089
1
0.89 ÷ 101 = 0.89 ×
101
When a decimal is divided
= 0.089 by 10, we move the decimal
point 1 place to the left.

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 2. Divide 52.5 by 30.
52.5 ÷ 30 = 52.5 ÷ 3 ÷ 10
= 17.5 ÷ 10
= 1.75 17.5

The value of a decimal is reduced 100 times when divided

by 100.

3. Divide 18.8 by 100.

18.8
18.8 ÷ 100 = 18.8
100
= 0.188
18.8 When a decimal is
18.8 ÷ 102 =
102 divided by 100, we
= 0.188 move the decimal point
2 places to the left.

4. Divide 27.9 by 900.

27.9 ÷ 900 = 27.9 ÷ 9 ÷ 100
= 3.1 ÷ 100
= 0.031 3.1

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 The value of a decimal is reduced 1,000 times when divided
by 1,000.

5. Divide 62.7 by 1,000.

62.7 62.7
62.7 ÷ 1,000 =
1,000
= 0.0627
62.7
62.7 ÷ 103 =
103
= 0.0627
When a decimal is divided by
1,000, we move the decimal
point 3 places to the left.

6. Divide 49 by 7,000.
49 ÷ 7,000 = 49 ÷ 7 ÷ 1,000
= 7 ÷ 1,000 7
= 0.007

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