ERBIL POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

KOYA TECHNICAL INSTITUTE PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY / VOA105

Engine Oil

Supervised : student:
Mr: sardasht Ismail farhad
Muslim Ismail
Khals Sherzad
Darwn Haurw
Ramiar Tahir

2021 ‫ ــ‬2022
Menu

Menu……………………………………………………………………………………..2

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3

Engine oil types, usage and properties……………………………..……4

role of engine oils………………………………………………………….….……6

benefits of an engine oil………………………………………..……………..7

References……………………….……………………………………………………8

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Introduction

The most important material in combustion engines and hydraulic machines is the oil.
Oil is used to lubricate moving parts, seal clearances between mating parts and
dissipate heat. It acts as an effective medium for power transmission with efficient
operation. Clean, ideal quality oil is required to achieve efficient hydraulic system
operation. The oils in hydraulic machines operate under high pressure and different
operating temperatures. The oil must maintain an ideal viscosity during its time of
operation were the system performance is mostly depends on temperature and the
working period .The main problems occurs in hydraulic systems and engines is directly
linked to oils. In the case that the oil loses its viscosity, the leaked oil will cause
pressure loss leading to breakdown the machine where the cost of downtime is
prohibitive . Reliability, capability, and execution of the current engines are direct
depending upon the ampleness of greasing up and oil systems. To be practical, an
engine greasing up frameworks ought to, successfully, play out the components of
restricting the scouring between the surfaces of moving parts, and decrease the wear
due to metal-to-metal contact. And dispersing warmth, and keeping the engine parts
clean by ousting carbon and other outside issues. Right now in combustion motors,
the framework that gives the lube to these limits is the obliged oil structure.
Notwithstanding the way that there are various assortments in lubing up structures
for inside start motors, the parts and technique for action are essentially equivalent.
The upper chamber surface with an assortment of wrinkles has been structure for this
entertainment. For each chamber, four various ranges of segment plan at the upper
chamber is utilized to look at the warm effect on the chamber head and engine oil
temperature. Performance levels of engine oil depends on how much oil is given and
how the oil is dealt with under the warm pile of the moving parts. This state of oil is
immovably related to the shielded movement of an engine and its lifetime. Right now,
basically improved informative method has been required by engine organizers. Right
now are performed on the engine oils and their specific and limits . Engine oil does
some basic capabilities to give satisfactory greases. It tries to keep the engine perfect
and free from rust and wear.

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It works as a coolant and sealant. It gives an oily film pad that reduces friction of the
metal, thus consequently diminishing grinding and wear. These are just the
fundamental elements of oil that differ according to their applications and operating
conditions. It is the specific requests of a given application and the exceptional
conditions under which oil is utilized that to a great extent decide the various extra
capacities oil must perform. These extra capacities make picking the right oil for the
activity indispensable [1].

Engine oil types, usage and properties

The types of oils that have been tested are listed in Table 1. Which presents the
codes, properties and functions of the tested oils. These oils have been selected
based on their significance and widespread use in Jordan. Its viscosity has been tested
during operation and energy losses have been calculated [2].

Table 1 Types of engine oil and their characteristics

Oil type Characteristics

Fully synthetic
0W-30 Fuel economy savings
0W-40 Enhance engine performance and power
Protect engine from wear and deposit build-up
5W-40 Ensures good cold starting and quick circulation in
freezing temperatures

Semi-synthetic
5W-30 Better protection
0W-40 Good protection within the first 10 min. and reducing
engine wear
15W-40 Increased oil change intervals
Mineral
10W-40 Basic protection for variety of engines
15W-40 Oil needs to be changed more often

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One of the main functions of oil is to dissipate heat and lubricate the metal to metal
moving parts of the machine framework. This is characterized by reducing friction and
making the surface too smooth leading to decrease its heat generated. This also
reduces pressure and vibrations, which reduces the general framework erosion. It is
done by reducing its warm life so wear and improving its performance and
productivity. Oils may contain added substances known as grinding modifiers that
synthetically tie to metal surfaces to decrease surface erosion in any event when
there is lacking mass ointment present for hydrodynamic grease. Oils may contain
additives known as grinding modifiers that synthetically bound to metal surfaces to
reduce surface wear when there is a lack of mass ointment for hydrodynamic grease.
Gas and liquid ointments can transfer heat. However, fluid grease is significantly more
applicable by virtue of their high explicit warmth limit. Regularly, liquid grease is
continuously circulated from the cooler part of the frame, despite the fact that
ointments may be used for heating as they are used for cooling when a directed
temperature is required. In addition, this cycle stream determines the warmth scale
that is converted in a random unit of time. High stream frameworks can transform a
ton of warmth and have the extra advantage of diminishing the warm weight on the
oil .Among the details of primary motor oils is the thickness, which is an essential
property of motor oils. The thickness determination is mainly dependent on the
overall temperature at which the engine starts and runs. If relevant exhibition
standards are monitored, engines can be operated with single rating and multi-grade
oils, depending on the application. Standard qualities are shown to the greatest
possible degree in each thickness [3].

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role of engine oils

For a healthier and longer engine life, you need to fuel it with the right engine oil.
Engine oils are crucial in the smooth running of engines, reducing fuel emissions and
improving engine’s performance.
There are innumerable roles engine oils play to ensure your engine performs well.
Here are few of the major ones:]4[

1) Better Lubrication
Engines are exposed to different temperatures that result in gradual wear and tear.
The primary role of engine oils is to ensure engines are lubricated properly, so that
they run smoothly, and have a longer lifespan.

2) Cleaner Engine
Cleaning is an important role that an engine oil plays for your engine. It clears the
accumulated deposits, sludge and microscopic debris from the engine and in turn
unclogs it, so that the engine oil can flow well.

3) Effective Cooling
With regular use of your vehicle, exposure to high temperatures and the friction of
the mechanical parts, your engine tends to heat up. The lubrication provided by
engine oils helps to cool your engine circuit.

4) Protects it from Corrosion

Fuel combustion causes metal parts to oxidise and rust with time. The additives in
engine oils help to slow down the process of corrosion, thereby giving your engine a
longer lifespan.

5) Act as a Seal
Engine oils provide space between the piston and cylinder. These gaps are filled by
the engine oils to optimise engine performance and efficiency.

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benefits of an engine oil

1) Longer Engine Lifespan

Since, engine oils clean, cool and prevent the engine from corrosion, they save it
from being clogged and damaged. Mechanical parts last longer and corrode less due
to that and in turn engines have a longer and healthier lifespan.]5[

2) Smooth Running of Engine

When engines are oiled well, they perform better. Hence, regular oil changes are
advised to enjoy the best of your engine.

3) Decreases Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions

If an engine is overused or its level is too low, the friction caused between metal
parts affects the engine’s efficiency and increases the fuel consumption. When you
use a good engine oil, reduction of pollution and fuel consumption is achieved.
Finding the right engine oil for a vehicle is a vital step to get the benefits of an
engine oil. Go through your owner’s manual, take advice from a professional or the
automotive manufacturer to be informed about the same.
For an engine oil to truly serve all its purposes, the level must be checked regularly
in order to change the oil at the right time. Overused oil doesn’t play its role
effectively, which is harmful for the general condition of the engine and its parts.

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References

1) Anthony Esposito, Fluid Power with Applications, 7th Edition, published by Prentice
Hall, 2008
2) Jafar M. Hassan & Saif Yousif Ibrahim. An Experimental Study into the Effect of
Temperature and Pressure on the Hydraulic System, 2009
3) Jean-Louis Ligier and Bruno Noel, Friction Reduction and Reliability for Engines
Bearings, Lubricants 2015
4) John J.Truhan, JunQu and Peter J.Blau. The effect of lubricating oil condition on the
friction and wear of piston ring and cylinder liner materials in a reciprocating bench
test, 2005
5) Muhammad Afiq Bin Zali, “Lubrication Oil System Design For A New 4-Strokes
Single cylinder Engine Cylinder Head”, PhD. Thesis, University Malaysia Pahanga.

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