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Cultural Variations and Social Differences On Exceptionality/ Non-Exceptionality and Nationality

This document discusses cultural variations related to exceptionality and nationality. It defines key terms like disability, exceptionality, and nationality. Disability refers to physical or mental impairments that hinder development, while exceptionality describes abilities that deviate from societal norms in either positive or negative ways. Nationality refers to belonging to a nation or country. The document also discusses challenges faced by those with exceptionalities, such as discrimination, and ways societies have helped them through initiatives in employment, health, education, and other services. It differentiates nationality from ethnicity and discusses how nationality can be acquired through jus sanguinis (right of blood) or jus soli (right of soil) laws or through naturalization.

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6K views

Cultural Variations and Social Differences On Exceptionality/ Non-Exceptionality and Nationality

This document discusses cultural variations related to exceptionality and nationality. It defines key terms like disability, exceptionality, and nationality. Disability refers to physical or mental impairments that hinder development, while exceptionality describes abilities that deviate from societal norms in either positive or negative ways. Nationality refers to belonging to a nation or country. The document also discusses challenges faced by those with exceptionalities, such as discrimination, and ways societies have helped them through initiatives in employment, health, education, and other services. It differentiates nationality from ethnicity and discusses how nationality can be acquired through jus sanguinis (right of blood) or jus soli (right of soil) laws or through naturalization.

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Saging
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MODULE 3 CULTURAL VARIATIONS AND SOCIAL DIFFERENCES ON EXCEPTIONALITY/

NON-EXCEPTIONALITY AND NATIONALITY

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

 differentiate disability, exceptionality and non-exceptionality;


 identify the similarities and differences between nationality and ethnicity;
 articulate observations on human cultural variation, social differences, social change in terms of
Exceptionality/ Non-exceptionality and Nationality;
 identify implications of these variations and differences; and
 suggest ways to mitigate issues and challenges arising from nationality and differences on
exceptionality

Week 3 - Online Class

INTRODUCTION

In the previous topics, we discussed about social and cultural differences of members of society in
relation to gender, socioeconomic class, and ethnicity and religion. Still, there are other factors that constitute
social, cultural, and political differences among people. If you can observe your surroundings, you can
probably recognize some people who are afflicted with some form of disability, which can either be physical or
mental. These disabilities are considered one part of exceptionality/non-exceptionality. In this topic we will also
tackle another social difference on nationality.

DISABILITY, EXCEPTIONALITY, AND NON-EXCEPTIONALITY

Disability is a term that refers to a condition wherein the loss of physical


functioning (e.g. hearing, and vision), or impairments in intellectual, social, and
mental processes hinder normal growth and development of an individual.

Exceptionality is more encompassing than disability. Exceptionality is a


concept that describes how an individual’s specific abilities and functioning—
physical, intellectual, or behavioral are different from the established normal or
typical qualities.

Exceptionality describes how some individuals’ abilities deviate, positively or


negatively, from the normal standards set by society. Exceptionality may range
from having extraordinary abilities (also called gifts or talents), such as in the
realm of academics, arts, and music, to recognized disabilities such as learning
disabilities (e.g. dyslexia, dyscalcula), developmental delays (e.g. intellectual
disability, and autism), emotional and behavioral disorders, communication
Figure 8: Gifted
disorders (e.g. stuttering), hearing disabilities (deafness), visual impairments https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m
(e.g. lack or loss of vision/ blindness), and physical disabilities (e.g. orthopedic /gifted_2017
impairment, traumatic brain injury

The concept of non-exceptionality is only used to differentiate between the exceptional ones and those that
are considered normal or ‘non-exceptional’.

LABELS AND STATUS OF THE EXCEPTIONAL

Labels are used in order for societal members


to have a grasp of the different types of
https://www.apa.org/advocacy/interpersonal-violence/bullying-school-climate

exceptionalities. Terms like ‘gifted’, ‘talented’, ‘special child’, ‘deaf’, ‘blind’, and ‘dyslexic’ are only some of
the labels used by people to refer to individuals possessing characteristics or ability of the exceptional.
A repercussion of using labels is a greater chance for stereotyping, stigmatization, and discrimination.
The possibility of stereotypes, stigmas, and discrimination against exceptional people may be promoted by
labels attributed to them. However, we cannot still deny that such labels still have a significance since they
establish who needs further care and attention by society. Whether gifted or disabled, society must ensure that
exceptional people will receive benefits from “individualized assistance, support, accommodations in schools
and community settings”, in order to advance their developments. In addition, laws and legislations that
support their acceptance and inclusion to the society are essential. Establishment of organizations that cater to
the needs of the exceptional must also be a priority.

Challenges among People with Exceptionality Condition


 Discrimination
 Limited access to educational opportunities
 Limited services from the government
 Segregation or isolation from society
 Unrealistic expectations from society
 Non-recognition of some economic, social, and political rights
 Social, emotional, and psychological acceptance

Here are some ways on how both private and public sectors have been
helping them Figure 10: International Symbol of Access
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Symbol_of_Access

1. Employment
 The law prohibits companies from discriminating against employees with disabilities
 Some companies of business provide employment solely for exceptional people
 The government provides training and livelihood programs for persons with disabilities (PWD) in
case of unemployment
2. Health
 The government issue identification cards for PWDs that entitle them to a discount of at least 20%
on medicines and health services
 The government has also started giving out free prosthetic (artificial limbs to qualified beneficiaries.
3. Education
 All public schools are required by the government to provide special education classes for
underprivileged children with developmental or physical disabilities
 All establishment including schools are required to provide ramps for students with disabilities
 Some foundations and concerned individuals provide scholarships for students suffering from
disabilities
4. Public Accommodations
 All public accommodations and services such as buses, trains, movie houses and hotels are
required to have specific areas for PWDs
 Public accommodations also have an obligation to provide special discounts for all sales and
purchases made by PWDs.
5. Other Auxiliary Services
 All broadcasting networks are required to provide a sign language translation for all news broadcast
of national importance including from the President

NATIONALITY

Nationality may simply be defined as a person’s belonging to a specific nation or nation-state.

Difference Between Nationality and Ethnicity


 Nationality is a much broader concept than ethnicity. Several ethnic groups or ethnicities are
possible to only have one similar nationality.
 Ethnicity considers similar cultural characteristics as determinants of one’s nationality; while
Nationality places high value to one’s membership and allegiance to a particular country.
 Philippines is home for more than a hundred ethnic groups representing the same amount of
ethnicities. The shared culture among these groups—their language, religion, traditions, and
practices—strengthens the group’s ethnicity. However, these cultural characteristics do not
determine their nationality, but rather their membership to a nation-state.

ACQUISITION OF ONE’S NATIONALITYThere are two nationality laws that can be implemented by states to
acquire nationality: jus sanguinis and jus soli.
1. Jus sanguinis (translated as “right of blood”), nationality and citizenship
are determined by the parent’s nationality. The Philippines implements this
nationality law in determining its citizens. A child of two Filipino parents is
born in the Philippines, the child will also be Filipino. In the same way, an
American national giving birth to a child in the Philippine lands, passes its
nationality to the child by virtue of jus sanguinis.

2. Jus soli (translated as “right of soil”), one’s nationality is determined by


the territory or land in which the child is born. The United States of
America employs this type of nationality law, which means that everybody
who is born in USA, regardless of their parent’s nationalities, will be
claimed by the American government as American nationals.

Another way of obtaining nationality is through naturalization, which is a legal


process of acquiring citizenship and nationality from a different state. Both the Figure 11: Naturalized Players
nationalities of foreigners from their country for people born in the Philippines to http://www.smartgilasbasketball.com/
non-Filipino parents, the Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000 (R.A. 9139) news/one-final-appeal-for-andray-
blatche/filipino-citizenship.html
provides an avenue for administrative naturalization.

Citizenship is a person’s legal and political status in a city or state, which means that an individual has been
registered with the government in some country. An individual becomes a citizen of a country only when he or
she is accepted into that country’s political framework through legal terms. An individual born in the Philippines
has a Filipino nationality. He may, however, apply for citizenship in another country, should he wish to (e.g. a
Filipino national applying for citizenship in Mexico). No one will be able to change his nationality, but one can
have a different citizenship.

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