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Eco-friendly Green Concrete: A review

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IAPE '19, Oxford, United Kingdom
ISBN: 978-1-912532-05-6

Eco-friendly Green Concrete: A review

Mahmoud Khazaleh Baskar Gopalan
Head of Section Lecturer
Shinas College of Technology Shinas College of Technology
Al-Aqur, Shinas, Sultanate of Oman Al-Aqur, Shinas, Sultanate of Oman
(968) 92222493 (968) 93816369
[email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Green concrete is made with waste material as a partial or
2. WASTE MATERIALS
Waste materials such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume,
complete replacement for cement or fine or coarse aggregate.
recycled glass and wood ash are used as an alternative for cement
Waste materials used are recycled demolition waste aggregate,
in production of green concrete. Recycled concrete materials,
recycled concrete aggregate, blast furnace slag, manufactured
waste plastic, demolition waste, recycled glass aggregate, foundry
sand, glass aggregate and fly ash. Some of the forms of green
sand and stone crasher waste are used an alternate for aggregate in
concrete are high-volume fly ash concrete, ultra-high performance
production of green concrete.
concrete, geopolymer concrete and lightweight concrete. Better
workability, reduction in shrinkage and creep, less heat of
hydration, use of local and recycled materials, good thermal and 3. ALTERNATE FOR CEMENT
fire resistant are the advantages of green concrete. High cost of 3.1 Blast Furnace Slag
reinforcement, less life of buildings constructed with green Granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag and flu gas
concrete and less split tension are the limitations of green desulfurization gypsum are used to develop green articial reef
concrete. Green concrete requires less energy for its production. It concrete. The absence of portlandite in this concrete avoids
produces less carbon dioxide. Green concrete is used in fouling organisms like barnacles. Algae growth is possible as they
construction of bridges, buildings, dams and roads. attach with this concrete. This experiment was done by Xiaoyan
Environmental, technical and economic benefits of green concrete Huang et. al. (2016) benefits steel manufacturers and fish
increased the demand of green concrete. This paper reviews the industry.
researches done by the scientists globally in the domain of green
concrete in particular during the current decade.
3.2 Fly Ash
Concrete with high compressibe strength and fracture toughness is
Keywords possible by replacing cement with fly ash by weight as the results
Green concrete, energy, waste material, environmental, technical, shown by Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski (2018) from the tests on
economic. three groups of fly ash content 0%, 20% and 30%.

1. GREEN CONCRETE 3.3 Silica Fume

Green concrete is produced with the use of waste material as an Mix of silica fume and marble waste powder was used as
alternate for cement or aggrgae. The practices involved in replacement for cement and sixteen concrete cubes were tested by
production of green concrete doen not cause damage to Ali Kodabakhshian et. al., (2018) to examine durability. The
environment. As extraction, production, construction, operation, results indicated that the mix improved strength and durability.
demolition and recycling are the lifetime cycle of green concrete. Harmful effect of cement on environment was decreased as it
In addition, green concrete with life cycle sustainability has high resulted 30% cement reduction.
performance than conventional concrete. It uses less energy in its
proection and produces less CO2 emission. Recycled demolition 3.4 Recycled Glass
waste aggregate, recycled concrete aggregate, blast furnace slag, Concrete blocks, self-compacting concrete and architectural
manufactured sand, glass aggregate and fly ash are some of the mortar were produced by using recyce waste glass as per
waste materials used in manufacturing green concrete. Better overwiew by Tung-Chai Ling et. al., (2013) on current
workability, reduction in shrinkage and creep, less heat of management and recycling of waste glass in Hong Kong.
hydration, use of local and recycled materials, good thermal and
fire resistant are the advamages of green concrte. bridges, 3.5 Date Palm Ash
buildings, dams and roads are built by using green concrete. Concrete speciments with date palm ash based mortar with 10%,
However, green concrete has some disadvantages such as high 20% and 30% replacement of cement were tested by Walid Al-
cost of reinforcement, less life of buildings constructed with green Kutti et.al., (2019). Results indicated that overall quality of
concrete and less split tension. concrete was improved by 10% dosage of palm ash.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17501........................................
 IAPE '19, Oxford, United Kingdom
ISBN: 978-1-912532-05-6

4. ALTERNATE FOR AGGREGATE 42-60. DOI= 15, 5 (Nov. 1993), 795-825. DOI=
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.116
4.1 Foundry Sand
Treated used foundry sand was used as an alternative for fine [2] Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski. 2018. Green concrete composite
aggregate with various percenrage by weight and tests were incorporating flyash with high strength and fracture
conducted by Gurumorthy et.al., (2019) for water absorption, toughness. J. of Cle. Prod. 172, 20 (Jan. 2018), 218-226.
sorptivity and rapid chloride permeability. Concrete with 30% DOI= https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.065
treated used foundry sand showed better durability. [3] Gurumoorthy, N. and Arunachalam, K. Durability studies on
concrete containing treated used foundry sand. J. Con. and
4.2 Waste Plastic Buil. Mat. 201, 20 (Mar. 2019), 651-661.
Marshall stability analysis was performed by Shubham Bansal et. DOI=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.014
al., (2017) on samples with partially replacing optimum bitumen
[4] Kim Hung Mou, Johnson Alengaram, Mohd Zamin Jumaat,
content by waste plastic with 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% and crumb
Soon Poh Yap, Siew Cheng Lee, Green concrete partially
rubber with 5%, 10% and 15%. Waste plastic resulted 16%
comprised of farming waste residues: a review. J. of Cle.
increment in strength while rubber material resulted 50%
Pro. 117, 20. (Mar. 2016), 122-138.
increment in strength.
DOI=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.022
4.3 Demolition Waste [5] Marios, N., Soutsos, Kang Kang Tang, Stephen G.Millard.
Precast concrete bulidng blocks made with recycled demosition 2011. Concrete building blocks made with recycled
waste aggregate were tested by Marios Soutsos et.al., (2011). The demolition concrete. J. Con. and Buil. Mat. 25, 2 (Feb.
laboratoty test results showed that there was no reduction in 2011), 726-735. DOI=
strength. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.
[6] Salma Banu Luhar. and Ismail Luhar, Potential application
4.4 Farming Waste of E-wastes in construction industry: A review. Con. and
Farming waste from bamboo, corn, wheat, olive, sisal and seashell
Buil. Mat. 203, 10. (Apr. 2019), 222-240. DOI=
can be used to produce concrete with improved performance.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.080
However, these waste have to be given appropriate treatment
methods as indicaed by Kim Hung Mo et. al., (2016). [7] Shuhbhsm Bansal Anilkumar, Misra Purnima Bajpai,
Evaluation of modified bituminous concrete mix developed
4.5 Electronic Waste using rubber and plastic waste materials. Int. J. Sus. Built.
Electronic waste glass of cathode ray tube in cement paste, Env.6, 2 (Dec. 2017), 442-448.
mortar, concrete and also in bituminous mix through urabn DOI=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.07.009
mining approach by Salmabanu Luhar et.al. (2019) [8] Tung Chai Ling, Chi-Sun Poon, Wing Wong, Management
and recycling of waste glass in concrete products: Current
5. CONCLUSION situations in Hong Kong. Reso. Cons. and Recy. 70 (Jan.
Standards, projects, training, awareness, collaboration and 2013), 25-31. DOI=
research and development on green concrete are required to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.10.006
promote global adoption of green concre. [9] Walid Al Kutti, A.B.M. and Saiful Islam Muhammad Nasir.
Potential use of date palm ash in cement based materials. J.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS King Saud Univ. Engg. Sci. 31, 1 (Jan. 2019), 26-31. DOI=
The authors are indebted to the Shinas College of Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2017.01.004
Sultanate of Oman for their support in this research. [10] Xianoyan Huang Zhongjie, Wang Ying Liu, Wantao Hu
Wen Ni, On the use of blast furnace slag and steel slag in the
7. REFERENCES preparation of green artificial reef concrete. Con. and
[1] Ali Khodabakshiam, Mansour Ghalehnov Jorgede, Brito Buil.Mat. 112, 1 (Jun. 2016), 241-246.
Flyas Asadi Shamsabadi. 2018. Durability performance of DDOI=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.088
structural concrete containing silica fume and marble
industry waste powder. J. of Cle. Prod. 170, 1 (Jan. 2018),

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17501........................................

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