Sumit Kotewal

Masters of performing arts ( 4th Sem)

Roll No: 19100236
Film Making

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 1

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 2

CINEMA OF INDIA:
 The cinema of India has had a profound effect on cinema across the
world since the early 20th century.

 films produced across India, which includes the cinematic culture of

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar
Pradesh and West Bengal.

 India is the world's largest producer of films.

 In 2009, India produced a total of 2961 films.

 In the 20th century, Indian cinema, along with the Hollywood and
Chinese film industries, became a global enterprise.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 4

Shree pundalik by
Dadasaheb Torne

Advertisement in
The Times of India
of 25 May 1912
announcing the
screening of the first
feature film of India,
Shree pundalik by
Dadasaheb Torne

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 5

Raja Harishchandra
(1913)

A scene from Raja

Harishchandra (1913)
– The full-length
motion picture.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 6

Devika Rani and
Ashok Kumar

Devika Rani and

Ashok Kumar in
Achhut Kanya (1936).

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 7

 HISTORY
 In 1927, the British Government, in order to promote the
market in India for British films over American ones,
formed the Indian Cinematograph Enquiry Committee.

 The ICC consisted of three British and three Indians, led by

T. Rangachari, a Madras lawyer.

 Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was an Indian artist and a

pioneer in the production of silent Indian movies and
talkies.

 In the 20th century, Indian cinema, along with the

Hollywood and Chinese film industries, became a global
enterprise.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 8

The first full-length motion
picture in India was
produced by Dadasaheb
Phalke

Dadasaheb is
the pioneer of
Indian film
industry a
scholar on
India's
languages and
culture

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 9

HISTORY OF CINEMA FROM 1896-2000

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 10

VIDEO:
MILE STONES OF INDIAN CINEMA

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 11

•In 1949, the Cinematograph Act
was amended to make censorship a
central subject, as per
recommendations of the 1927
Enquiry Committee

•The industry had set up its

associations in 1937-38 like the
IMPPA of the producers, the
IMPDA of the distributors, both in
Bombay and the South Indian Film
Chamber of Commerce in Madras.

•In 1960, the big event was of

course the release of K Asif's
magnum opus 'Mughal-E-Azam'.
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 12
•In 1953, the films that created the biggest impact were Bimal Roy's 'Do
Bigha Zamin' and 'Parineeta'.

•In 1956, the Indian talkie completed twenty-five years and the event was
celebrated by the industry, as a silver jubilee.

• In 1955 ,arrived Satyajit Ray and his classic 'Pather Panchali'.

•In 1963, celebrated the industry's Golden Jubilee year.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 13

vThe biggest showman of the industry,
Raj Kapoor, came out with 'Bobby' in 1973.

vThe entire 70s and 80s decade by

dominated by Bachchan and his movies
like 'Abhimaan', 'Sholay' and 'Deewaar'
strengthened his position in the
industry.
v Amjad Khan as 'Gabbar Singh had
none of these qualities yet he gave a new
dimension to the villians of Indian
cinema.
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 14
v Madhuri Dixit warmed many a hearts
with her films like 'Ram Lakhan' and
'Tridev' and Sridevi with 'Mr. India',
'Chandni' and 'Chaalbaaz'.

vThe entire filmdom was given a total

facelift what with a multitude of new faces
and talents that kept pouring in the
industry.

vSunil Dutt and Nargis, bounced back

with movies like 'Vaastav' and also went
away with the Best Actor award for 1999.

vA plethora of talented youngsters like

Tabu, Kajol, Karisma Kapoor and Raveena
Tandon started giving the senior actresses
jitters.

vOther actors to charm the audiences

were Anil Kapoor, Jackie Shroff, Aamir
Khan, Salman Khan and Shahrukh Khan.

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 Ø The oldest Indian cinema.

Ø Golden age of Indian cinema.

Ø Modern Indian cinema.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 16

ØThe oldest Indian cinema

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FIRST INDIAN MOVIE

 The first Indian movie

released in India was Shree
pundalik by Dadasaheb Torne
on 18 May 1912 at 'Coronation
Cinematograph', Mumbai.

 Torne is also considered as a

Father of Indian Cinema

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 18

 FIRST SHORT FILM

The first short

films in India were
directed by Hiralal
Sen, starting
with The Flower of
Persia (1898).

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 19

•The first full-length motion
picture in India was produced
by Dadasaheb Phalke.
• Dadasaheb is the pioneer of
Indian film industry a scholar on
India's languages and culture, who
brought together elements
from Sanskrit.
• He produce his Raja
Harishchandra (1913), a silent film
in Marathi. The female roles in the
film were played by male actors.
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 20
 FIRST INDIAN SOUND FILM

Ardeshir Irani
released Alam Ara(The
Ornament of the
World) which was the first
Indian talking film, on 14
March 1931 and first
Indian sound film.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 21

ØGolden Age of Indian cinema
1940-1960

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 22

 Pather Panchali (1955), the first part of The Apu
Trilogy (1955–1959) by Satyajit Ray
qThe Apu Trilogy won major
prizes at all the major
international film festivals and
led to the 'Parallel Cinema'
movement being firmly
established in Indian cinema.
qIts influence on world
cinema can also be felt in the
"youthful coming-of-age
dramas that have flooded art
houses since the mid-fifties"
which "owe a tremendous debt
to the Apu trilogy".

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 23

qThis period saw the emergence of a new Parallel
Cinema movement, mainly led by Bengali
cinema. Early examples of films in this movement
include Chetan Anand's Neecha
Nagar (1946), Ritwik Ghatak's Nagarik (1952),and
Bimal Roy's Two Acres of Land (1953), laying the
foundations for Indian neorealism and the
"Indian New Wave".
q Pather Panchali (1955), the first part of The Apu
Trilogy (1955–1959) by Satyajit Ray, marked his
entry in Indian cinema.
qChetan Anand's social realist film Neecha Nagar
won the Grand Prize at the first Cannes Film
Festival, Indian films were frequently in
competition for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film
Festival for nearly every year in the 1950s and early
1960s, with a number of them winning major
prizes at the festival.
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 24
ØModern Indian cinema

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 25

Øfilmmakers such as Shyam Benegal continued to produce realistic
Parallel Cinema throughout the 1970s.
Ø alongside Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, Buddhadeb Dasgupta
and Gautam Ghose in Bengali cinema;
Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Shaji N. Karun, John Abraham and G. Aravindan in
Malayalam cinema;
Nirad Mohapatra in Oriya cinema; and
Mani Kaul, Kumar Shahani, Ketan Mehta, Govind Nihalani and Vijaya
Mehta in Hindi cinema.
ØThe 'art film' bent of the Film Finance Corporation came under criticism
during a Committee on Public Undertakings investigation in 1976, which
accused the body of not doing enough to encourage commercial cinema.
ØSouth India's Malayalam cinema of Kerala regarded as one of the best
Indian film genres experienced its own 'Golden Age' in the 1980s and early
1990s.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 26

i. Commercial Hindi cinema further grew throughout
the 1980s and the 1990s with the release of films
such as Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981) Mr India (1987),
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Tezaab (1988),
Chandni (1989), Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Baazigar
(1993), Darr (1993), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
(1995) and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), many of
which starred Shahrukh Khan, Aamir Khan and
Salman Khan.
ii. The 1990s also saw a surge in the national popularity
of Tamil cinema as films directed by Mani Ratnam
captured India's imagination.
iii. In the late 1990s, 'Parallel Cinema' began
experiencing a resurgence in Hindi cinema, largely
due to the critical and commercial success of Satya
(1998), a low-budget film based on the Mumbai
underworld, directed by Ram Gopal Varma and
written by Anurag Kashyap
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 27
VIDEO:
WILD LIFE

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 INDIAN CINEMA

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 29

INDIAN CINEMA
1. India has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world.

2. It was in early 1913 that an Indian film received a public screening.

3. The film was Raja Harischandra. Its director, Dadasaheb Phalke is

now remembered through a life-time achievement award bestowed
by the film industry in his name.

4. Damle and Fatehlal's Sant Tukaram (1936), made in Marathi was the
first Indian film to gain international recognition.

5. The Indian film industry, famously known as Bollywood, is the

largest in the world, and has major film studios in Mumbai
(Bombay), Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad.

6. Mainstream commercial releases, not only in India, but also the

British Caribbean, Fiji, East and South Africa, the U.K., United
States, Canada, or the Middle East.
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 30
 INDIAN ART CINEMA
•In addition to commercial cinema, there is also
Indian art cinema, known to film critics as "New
Indian Cinema" or sometimes "the Indian New
Wave" (see the Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema).

•Many people in India plainly call such films as

"art films" as opposed to mainstream
commercial cinema.

•From the 1960s through the 1980s, the art film

or the parallel cinema was usually government-
aided cinema.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 31

•The directors of the art cinema owed much more to foreign
influences, such as Italian Neo-Realism or French New Wave,
than they did to the genre conventions of commercial Indian
cinema.
•The best known New Cinema directors were Bimal Roy, Ritwik
Ghatak, and Satyajit Ray.

•The best known films of this genre are the Apu Trilogy
(Bengali) by Satyajit Ray and Do Bigha Zameen (Hindi) by
Bimal Roy.
•Satyajit Ray was the most flourishing of the "art cinema"
directors.

•In South India, art cinema or the parallel cinema was well-
supported in the state of Kerala. Malayalam movie makers like
Adoor Gopalakrishnan, G. Aravindan, and M. T. Vasudevan
Nair were quite successful.
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 32
VIDEO:
HOCKY MATCH-1898

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 33

REGIONAL CINEMA IN INDIA
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 34
•India is home to one of the largest film industries in the
world.

• Every year thousands of movies are produced in India.

•Indian film industry comprises of Hindi films, regional

movies and art cinema.

• India is a large country where many languages are spoken.

•
•Many of the larger languages support their own film
industry.

•Some of the popular regional film industries in India are

Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Punjabi.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 35

REGIONAL INDUSTRIES
1. ASSAMESE CINEMA
2. BENGALI CINEMA
3. BHOJPURI CINEMA
4. GUJARATI CINEMA
5. HINDI CINEMA
6. KANNADA CINEMA
7. KONKANI CINEMA
8. MALAYALAM CINEMA
9. MARATHI CINEMA
10. ORIYA CINEMA
11. PUNJABI CINEMA
12. SINDHI CINEMA
13. TAMIL CINEMA
14. TELUGU CINEMA
THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 36
HISTORY

 The period 1920-50 was the Golden Age for the Studios. Films were
produced rapidly and regularly. Often following a formula:
Western, slapstick comedy, Film Noir, musical, cartoon, biopic…
depending on the studio.
 This meant that films across all studios had intellectual
conformity that reflected public concerns, shared myths & mores
as the films were designed to fit into the market rather than reflect
the concerns of the Directors.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 37

HISTORY
World War II
Studios became propaganda
machines for the War Effort.
Films patriotic and focused on
concerns of those on the
home-front as they worried
over those on the battle field
as the stills from “Freedom
Comes High” (1943) shows

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 38

 PRASADS IMAX THEATRE HOUSES AT HYDERABAD

• one of the largest

IMAX-3D in the
world (along with
the world's largest in
Sydney, Australia).

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 39

 PVR CINEMAS

PVR Cinemas in
Bangalore is one
of the largest
cinema chains in
India

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 40

 RAMOJI FILM CITY
Based in
Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh
in India, Ramoji
Film City, the
world's largest
integrated film
studio.

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 41

THANK YOU

THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA 42

 END

BY
NAMEER.P.C
Reg. No.11YACM5029
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