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EE470 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems

The document is a lecture slide presentation on microcontrollers and embedded systems. It covers the following key points: 1. It introduces the topic of the lecture, which is a checkpoint and examples session. It provides an outline of topics to be covered including a midterm, common mistakes, feedback, a summary, and examples. 2. It provides examples of programming input/output ports, timers in normal and compare match modes, and pulse width modulation. It shows the programming steps for configuring and using timers for various purposes. 3. It provides two programming examples - one that toggles a pin using a timer and another that measures an external clock's period and displays the results on two ports. It draws

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Osama Tobasy
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89 views16 pages

EE470 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems

The document is a lecture slide presentation on microcontrollers and embedded systems. It covers the following key points: 1. It introduces the topic of the lecture, which is a checkpoint and examples session. It provides an outline of topics to be covered including a midterm, common mistakes, feedback, a summary, and examples. 2. It provides examples of programming input/output ports, timers in normal and compare match modes, and pulse width modulation. It shows the programming steps for configuring and using timers for various purposes. 3. It provides two programming examples - one that toggles a pin using a timer and another that measures an external clock's period and displays the results on two ports. It draws

Uploaded by

Osama Tobasy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE470

Microcontrollers and
Embedded Systems
Week 6: Checkpoint and Examples

Dr. Ahmad Bashaireh


Jordan University of Science and Technology
Fall 2021

1
Outline

• Midterm
• Common mistakes
• Feedback from you
• Summary
• Examples

2
ATmega328 Pin-out

3
Common Errors

• Shift operator:
- What register? What bit?
• Serial comm.: the pins are defined as input or output!
• Comments in the Lab manual

4
Feedback

• Lectures:
- Face-to-face, online, recorded
- Pace
• Lab:
- Pre-lab
- Lab
• Other suggestions?

5
Summary

6
Input-Output Ports

• Programming steps:
1. DDRx: configure as input or output

2. PORTx: write to output


• Writing: bit manipulation; AND, OR, XOR

3. PINx: read input


• Reading: bit masking; only AND

7
Timers – Normal Mode

• Programming steps
1. TCNT0 = initial value.
2. TCCR0A = 0
3. TCCR0B = clk source and prescalar
4. overflow flag (TOV0): 0 or 1 (if 1, do something)
5. TCCR0B = 0 (Stop the timer)
6. Clear the TOV0 flag for the next round.
7. Go back to Step 1 to load TCNT0 again.

8
Timers – CTC

• Programming steps
1. Configure pins (PD5/6) as output, if needed
2. Turn off TC0 (TCCR0B=0)
3. OCR0A (and OCR0B if needed)
4. TCCR0A: COM0x[1:0] and WGM0[1:0]
5. TCCR0B: WGM0[2] and CS0[2:0].
6. Monitor Flags (OC0x)

9
Timers – PWM

• Programming steps
1. Configure pins (PD5/6) as output
2. Turn off TC0 (TCCR0B=0)
3. OCR0x
4. TCCR0A: COM0x[1:0] and WGM0[1:0]
5. TCCR0B: WGM0[2] and CS0[2:0].

10
Examples

• Motors:
- Speed measurement
• Cruise control
• Conveyer belt
- Angle or position
- Starting
• Multi-click or long key-down
- Elevator
• Cascaded/Chained timers
• Debounce

11
Example 9-41

Write a C program to toggle only the PORTB.4 bit continuously every 2 ms.
Use Timer1, Normal mode, and no prescaler to create the delay. Assume
XTAL = 8 MHz.

12
13
Example 9-44

Assume that a 1-Hz external clock is being fed into pin T1 (PD5). Write a C
program for TC1 in rising edge mode to count the pulses and display the
TCNT1H and TCNT1L registers on PORTD and PORTC, respectively

14
Example 15-31 (15-8)
#include “ee470avr.h"
int main ( ) {
• Assuming XTAL = 1 MHz, bitset(DDRD,PD6);
draw the wave generated while (1) {
bitset(TCCR0A,COM0A1);
by the following program bitset(TCCR0A,COM0A0);
bitset(TCCR0A,WGM01);
TCCR0B = 0x01;
OCR0A = 69;
while (bittst(TIFR0,OCF0A) == 0);
bitset(TIFR0,OCF0A);
bitset(TCCR0A,COM0A1);
bitset(TCCR0A,WGM01);
OCR0A = 99;
while (bittst(TIFR0,OCF0A) == 0);
bitset(TIFR0,OCF0A);
}
return 0;
} 15
Example 15-39 (15-23)

Assuming that clock pulses are fed into pin PORTB.0, write a program to
measure the period of the pulses. Place the binary result on PORTC and
PORTD.

16

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