Dalton has been diagnosed with Korsakoff’s syndrome. What likely caused his
disorder? *
0/1

a. He is an alcoholic and has damaged his nervous system such that glucose cannot cross
the blood-brain barrier.
 
b. He has been exposed to a virus that has now started killing neurons.
c. He doesn’t have enough thiamine probably as a result of chronic alcoholism.
d. His glial cells are overactive and are damaging healthy neurons.

 
If all of a neuron’s dendrites or axons were only contained within the spinal cord,
it would be considered a(n) ____ neuron. *
0/1

a. efferent
b. afferent
 
c. intrinsic
d. Purkinje

 
Andrew was exposed to the chicken pox virus as a child. What happened to that
virus after it crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered Andrew’s brain? *
0/1

a. Andrew’s natural killer cells were able to quickly destroy it.

b. The glia in his brain engulfed the virus and then natural killer cells destroyed them both.
c. Nothing happened since the chicken pox virus cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
 
d. Nothing happened at first, but the virus remained there and caused negative effects for
Andrew as he got older.

 
The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling
back from where it just passed is the ____. *
1/1

a. concentration gradient
b. refractory period
 
c. sodium potassium pump
d. phospholipid bilayer

 
The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____. *
1/1

a. decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell

 
b. increase the number of positively charged ions within the cell
c. decrease the number of positively charged ions outside the cell
d. increase the number of negatively charged ions within the cell

 
The exclusive role of glial cells is to act like “glue” or scaffolding to support the
neurons. In the central nervous system, Schwann cells fulfill this role and, in the
periphery, oligodendrocytes produce it. *
0/1

a. 1st statement is correct but 2nd statement is incorrect

 
b. 2nd statement is correct but 1st statement is incorrect
c. Both statements are correct
d. Both statements are incorrect

 
Professor Durrant explained to his students that the resting potential of a neuron
is the ______. *
0/1

a. total amount of positive charge inside the neuron relative to the outside
b. total amount of negative charge inside the neuron relative to the outside
c. total amount of sodium ions compared to potassium ions
 
d. the amount of positive charge in the dendrites compared to the axon

 
Dr. Kimi studies the plasma membrane of neurons. He specifically researches the
specialized _____ that allow in important things like water, oxygen, sodium, and
so on. *
1/1

a. lipid channels
b. protein channels
 
c. lipid receptors
d. protein receptors

 
Identify the neuron *
1/1

A. Sensory
B. Motor neuron
 
C. Bipolar cell
D. Kenyon cell

 
Which action would depolarize a neuron? *
0/1

a. Decreasing membrane permeability to calcium

b. Increasing membrane permeability to potassium
c. Decreasing membrane permeability to sodium
 
d. Increasing membrane permeability to sodium

 
Dr. Ruggs is giving a lecture about the all-or-none-law. What would she tell the
class? *
0/1

a. That all neurons produce an action potential at the same time or none produce one.
b. That all neurons are active at the same time or none at all.
c. That all ion channels open at the same time or none at all.
d. That after reaching threshold, the amplitude and velocity of the action potential is the
same each time.
 
 
Jena is reviewing her notes on action potentials for a quiz. She makes an extra
notation that before the action potential when the neuron is at rest, sodium
channels _____. *
0/1

a. are open and allow sodium ions to flow through easily

b. are closed and don’t allow sodium to pass through.
c. are partially open, so sodium leaks through slowly
 
d. are partially open but at equilibrium, so the sodium doesn’t move

 
Why does the brain need thiamine?
0/1

a. To enable glucose to cross the blood-brain barrier

 
b. As a source of fuel in case there is not enough glucose
c. As a building block for making proteins
d. To enable it to metabolize glucose

 
What occurs when a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting
potential to a more negative potential? *
0/1

a. Hyperpolarization
b. Depolarization
 
c. An action potential
d. A threshold

 
Dendrites contain the nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, and other structures found
in most cells. Santiago Ramón y Cajal used special staining techniques to reveal
that the brain is composed of individual cells. *
1/1

a. 1st statement is correct but 2nd statement is incorrect

b. 2nd statement is correct but 1st statement is incorrect
c. Both statements are correct
d. Both statements are incorrect
 
 
Dr. McLaughlin’s lab studies how newly formed proteins are folded and
synthesized inside neurons. They would be most interested in studying the
_____. *
1/1

a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
c. ribosomes
 
d. nucleus

 
Identify the neuron *
1/1
A. Purkinje
B. Pyramidal
C. Sensory
D. Bipolar cell of Retina
 
 
When a neuron’s membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move
sodium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell. *
0/1
a. into; into
b. into; out of
 
c. out of; into
d. out of; out of

 
Professor Lopez studies the specialized _________ in the eye that detect light. *
1/1

a. motor neurons
b. bipolar cell
 
c. glial cells
d. interneurons

 
Dr. Blanchard is giving a lecture about the propagation of the action potential.
What would she tell the class? *
0/1

a. That the process of an action potential repeats itself over and over down the length of the
axon thanks to the diffusion of sodium ions.
b. That the process of an action potential repeats itself over and over down the length of the
axon thanks to the diffusion of potassium ions.
c. The action potential moves down the length of the axon because all the sodium channels
open all at once after the neuron reaches threshold.
 
d. The action potential moves down the length of the axon because all the potassium
channels open all at once after the neuron reaches threshold.

 
Marquitta is studying for a quiz and records in her notes that glucose is the main
source of fuel for the nervous system and enters the brain via _____. *
1/1

a. active transport
 
b. passive transport
c. gaps in the ventricles
d. gaps in the blood-brain barrier

 
Dr. Pautz studies the immune system and has recently become interested in the
glial cells that function similar to other cells in the immune system. What cells has
Dr. Pautz started exploring? *
1/1

a. Schwann cell
b. Astrocytes
c. Radial Glia
d. Microglia
 
 
Professor Nuno explained to her class that glucose is so important to the brain
because ______. *
1/1

a. neurons and glial cells can only metabolize glucose.

b. glial cells can only breakdown glucose into energy that the neurons can use.
c. glucose is unique and can cross the blood-brain barrier to be used by neurons.
 
d. all other forms of energy are used up by the body and don’t make it to the brain.

 
The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____. *
1/1

a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins

 
b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules
c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside
d. structure that contains the chromosomes

 
The structure that contains a cell’s chromosomes is called the ____ *
1/1

a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. nucleus
 
c. mitochondrion
d. ribosome

 
Which type of glia release chemicals that modify the activity of neighboring
neurons? *
1/1

a. Astrocytes
 
b. Schwann cells
c. Oligodendrocytes
d. Radial glia

 
Radial glia ____. *
1/1

a. guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development

 
b. synchronize the activity of axons
c. wrap around the presynaptic terminals of several axons
d. build the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate certain axons

 
Terrance went to the dentist and was given some Novocain. This prevented him
from feeling pain because the drug ____. *
1/1

a. attached to sodium channels letting in sodium and stopping the action potential from
sending a pain message
b. attached to potassium channels letting in potassium and stopping the action potential
from sending a pain message
c. attached to potassium channels blocking potassium from entering and stopping the action
potential from sending a pain message
d. attached to sodium channels blocking sodium from entering and stopping the action
potential from sending a pain message.
 
 
What type of glia helps to synchronize the activity of axons? *
1/1

a. Oligodendrocytes
b. Astrocytes
 
c. Radial glia
d. Schwann cells
 
Professor Peach is lecturing in her class about glial cells. She will tell her class
that glial cells ______. *
0/1

a. are less common than neurons in the human nervous system.

b. are responsible for transmitting information within the peripheral nervous system.
c. are the “glue” that holds all of the neurons together in the brain.
 
d. are not as well studied as neurons but have been shown to perform many important
functions in the nervous system.

 
The major disadvantage of a blood-brain barrier is that ____. *
1/1

a. many chemicals can easily diffuse into the brain

b. so much glucose is required to maintain it
c. certain required chemicals must be actively transported
 
d. viruses cannot escape

 
Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____. *
0/1

a. large, uncharged molecules, such as lactose

b. large, charged molecules
 
c. neurotransmitters, such as dopamine
d. molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls

 
At the resting potential, the potassium channels are completely closed and the
sodium channels are almost closed. Dr. Skinner is working in the lab measuring
the voltage of neurons, and during one condition, she tried to depolarize the
neurons from -70 mV to -80 mV. *
1/1

a. 1st statement is correct but 2nd statement is incorrect

b. 2nd statement is correct but 1st statement is incorrect
c. Both statements are correct
d. Both statements are incorrect
 
 
Identify the neuron *
1/1

A. Purkinje
B. Sensory
 
C. Bipolar cell of Retina
D. Pyramidal

 
Professor Rhodus is lecturing about selective permeability of neurons. What
would he tell the class? *
0/1

a. All ions can only travel in one direction across the membrane.
b. All molecules must cross the membrane via a designated channel.
c. Only certain molecules can cross the membrane freely.
d. Only sodium and potassium ions can cross the membrane.