7

TLE
Activity Sheet Quarter 1 – Module 2
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
OF COMPUTER

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER

A computer is a system of information processing components that

perform input, processing, output, storage, and control functions. Thus, a
computer system consists of input and output devices, a central processing
unit (CPU), primary and secondary storage devices, and other peripheral
devices.

A computer is a system of hardware devices organized according to the

following system functions:

Input. The input devices of a computer system include:

1. Keyboards
2. Mouse
2. Touch screens
3. Light Pens
4. Scanners
5. Computer Microphone

They convert data into electronic machine-readable form for direct entry
or though telecommunications links into a computer system.

Processing. The central processing unit (CPU) is the main processing

component of a computer system (in microcomputers, the CPU is the main
microprocessor). One of the CPU's major components is the arithmetic-logic
unit (ALU) that performs the arithmetic and logic functions required in
computer processing. Components of the CPU include:

1. Control Unit
2. Arithmetic-Logic Unit
3. Primary Storage Unit

Output. Convert electronic information produced by the computer

system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end users. Output
devices include:

1. Video Display Units

2. Audio Response Units
3. Printers

Storage. The storage function of a computer system is used to store

data and program instructions needed for processing. Storage devices
include:

1. Primary Storage Unit (main memory/Hard Disk)

2. Secondary Storage Devices (magnetic disk and tape units, optical
disks)

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 Parts and Functions of Computer

Tower or
Desktop Is the "box" or case that holds
the parts that make up a
computer: CPU, hard disk
drive, floppy drive, memory
chips, power supply, interface
cards, etc.

CPU Central Processing Unit, or "brains" of the computer

Monitor Is an output display device
(looks similar to a TV) in a
computer system. You see
information on the monitor's
screen.
Monitor or Is the viewing area on a monitor or the information or image
Screen displayed.

A device that reads data from (input) or records data onto a

Disk Drive
disk for storage (output).

Floppy

.
Floppy Drive 3-1/2" Floppy Disk
Hard Drive Is the main device that a computer uses to store information.
Most computers come with a hard drive, called drive C,
located inside the computer case.
CD-ROM ROM means Read-Only-Memory - you can only "read"
information, not save. A CD can store a large amount of data
including documents, photographs, software, and music
(about 20 songs)

CD Drive Compact Disk

CD-RW
CD-R
A CD-ReWritable drive can
A CD-Recordable drive can put
be written onto more than
data onto a disk in just one
once - similar to a floppy or
session, and then is "closed" -
hard disk.

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 one "burn" only - you can't add
to it after you create it.

DVD-ROM
Used to store full-length
Means Digital Video Disk -
movies, large programs,
Read-Only Memory
etc.

CD's, CD-R's, CD-RW's, and DVD's all look the same.

You must read the label to determine what type of media it is.

Both CD's and DVD's are optical storage media. Optical technology uses
a laser or light beam to process information.
USB Flash
These can hold documents,
Drive
pictures, and music. Some
flash drives are also MP3
players.

Mouse
Is a hand-held input device you roll on your desk to point to
and select items on your screen. When you move the mouse,
the mouse pointer on the screen moves in the same direction.
Mouse Is the little symbol on your screen that you move with your
pointer mouse. You use the mouse pointer to point to and select
items on your screen. The mouse pointer changes shape,
depending on its location on your screen and the action you
are performing.

Left Mouse Button - usually use this button

Right Mouse Button - occasionally use this button for

"special" actions

Scroll Wheel - the mouse wheel may work differently from

program to program. and it may not work in some programs.
In most word processing programs, you can rotate the wheel
to move up or down the page, equivalent to using the PAGE

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 UP or PAGE DOWN keys on your keyboard or to clicking the
scroll bar.

Click Press and quickly release the left button on a mouse

Double Click Press and quickly release the mouse left button twice.

Drag
Moves objects or data around on the screen through the use
of a mouse. Keep the left mouse button pressed while you
move the mouse.

Speakers Is an output device that

produces sound and music
when connected to the
computer. Speakers come in
different shapes and may even
be in the monitor's case.
Headphones
Is an output device for listening
that is held over the ears by a
band worn on the head

Microphone
Is an input device in which
sound energy is changed into
electrical energy for the sending
or recording sound (your voice).

Scanner
Is an input device that reads
copy as an image and digitally
records the image

Digital
Camera Records and stores images as a
digital file, operates similarly to
a "normal" camera, but no "film"
is needed

Projector
Is an output device for
displaying onto a large surface
(projection screen) what appears
on the computer monitor.

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 Printer

Is a device that produces a paper copy of the information on

your screen. The printer on the left is an INK JET PRINTER,
and the other is a LASER PRINTER.
.
Keyboard
Input device - choose letters, symbols, and actions by
pressing keys

Key Is any of the buttons on a keyboard that the user presses to

input data (information) or to type commands

Is usually pressed while you are working in a software

Escape application to stop the current activity, back out of a menu
(or screen), or return to a previous screen.

Is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a new line. It

Enter
may also be called the return key. In some applications,
pressing Enter tells the computer to stop waiting for more
input and begin processing. Notice the arrow symbol on the
Enter key; it is sometimes used in instructions and means to
press the enter key.

Spacebar Moves the cursor one space to If the spacebar is "split", the
(split the right, leaving a small blank left "spacebar" acts like the
spacebar) white area (space) on the backspace key - it erases
screen. the character to the left of
the cursor.

Is nothing by itself, but when pressed and held down with

Shift
another key it makes either a capital letter or the upper
character on a key. Pressing Shift with a letter key when the
CAPS LOCK key is "on" makes a lower case letter.

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 Makes all letters uppercase without having to use the shift
Caps Lock
key - it is best to only use this when you are going to make
many letters uppercase - don't use for just a few capital
letters

Marked with two arrows, one pointing left, the other, right. If
Tab
pressed by itself, it moves the cursor to the next tab on the
right. When pressed with the Shift key, it moves the cursor
to the previous tab stop on the left.

It does nothing by itself. When pressed with another key, it

Alt performs a special function. For example, pressing Alt-F4
may quit a currently running program.

Does nothing by itself. When pressed with another key, it

Ctrl performs a special function. For example, pressing Ctrl-S
may "save" a document.

Typically "on" at start up. When "on", it changes the keys on

Num Lock the numeric keyboard from cursor control arrows to
numbers arranged in a typical ten-key calculator keypad.
Delete On our "Windows" computers (P) it erases the character to
the right of the cursor. Some people say it performs a
"forward erase". It operates differently on a MAC.
End
Is the key you press to move the cursor to the end of the
current line. Many programs also use keyboard shortcuts
such as Ctrl+End to move the cursor to the end of a
document.

Insert
Changes between insert mode and overstrike mode in word
processing programs. In insert mode, all characters typed are
placed at the cursor position (or to the right of the insertion
point). As you type, anything to the right of the cursor moves
to the right to make room for the new typing. If insert mode
is turned off, typing then overwrites (erases) the old
characters instead of putting the new ones before the old
ones. This is often called overwrite mode. Most PC keyboards
have an Ins or Insert key that lets you switch back and forth
between insert and overwrite modes. Many word processing
programs display OVR in a status bar at the bottom when
overwrite mode is on.

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 Home
Is the key you press to move
the cursor to the beginning
of the current line. Many
programs also use keyboard
shortcuts such as
Ctrl+Home to move the
cursor to the beginning of a
document.

PgDn Is the function of this key is usually software

specific. Typically, it scrolls a document backward one
screen or one page.
PgUp Is the function of this key is usually software
specific. Typically it scrolls a document forward one screen
or one page.
Arrows Are 4 keys that move the cursor in the direction the arrow
points

Function Are special keys that perform a number of important

Keys tasks. Their exact functions are software dependent. F1
(F1, F2 ...) usually is reserved for Help, while F10 frequently exits or
quits the program.
Print Screen Directs the computer to copy whatever is displayed on the
screen to the clipboard for pasting later. It doesn't really
"print" in Windows.
Scroll Lock
Its function is often software specific. In spreadsheets, it
usually locks the cursor on its current screen line and scrolls
text (rather than the cursor) up or down whenever an up or
down cursor control arrow is pressed.

Pause Not usually used with Windows. Pressing this key under
DOS temporarily stops a screen display or freezes rapidly
scrolling information.
Windows Key The WINDOWS key acts as another special function key. If
you press the Window key by itself, the Start Menu will open.
Windows+E will launch Windows Explorer.

SELF-CHECK 1.4
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 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER

Directions: Identify the following computer parts with a short

description of their functions.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

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 8.
7.

9.

10.

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