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Overflow Line Design

This document provides guidance on calculating the overflow line for bunkering fuel oil tanks. It describes how to calculate: 1) The dynamic pressure losses in the overflow line due to fluid flow, which results from pipe friction and fittings. This is calculated using the pipe dimensions, flow properties, and resistance coefficients. 2) The static pressure losses due to the geodetic height difference between the tank and overflow pipe summit. 3) The total pressure loss must be less than the design pressure of the storage tanks. Both dynamic and static pressure losses are considered in the overall calculation.

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Angshuman Roy Choudhury
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344 views2 pages

Overflow Line Design

This document provides guidance on calculating the overflow line for bunkering fuel oil tanks. It describes how to calculate: 1) The dynamic pressure losses in the overflow line due to fluid flow, which results from pipe friction and fittings. This is calculated using the pipe dimensions, flow properties, and resistance coefficients. 2) The static pressure losses due to the geodetic height difference between the tank and overflow pipe summit. 3) The total pressure loss must be less than the design pressure of the storage tanks. Both dynamic and static pressure losses are considered in the overall calculation.

Uploaded by

Angshuman Roy Choudhury
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VI - Part 3 Annex A Calculation of the Overflow Line Chapter 6

GL 2008 Page A–1

Annex A

Calculation of the Overflow Line

1. Formula characters 3. Calculation of the pressure losses in the


overflow line
Δp = loss of pressure [Pa]
The calculation of the pressure losses in the overflow
λ = coefficient of pipe friction 1 [-] line is made in consideration of the following parame-
L = length of the straight pipe [m] ters:
di = inside pipe diameter [m] − maximum allowable viscosity of the fuel oil at
bunkering
da = outside pipe diameter [m]
dgl = equivalent pipe diameter [m] − density 3 of the fuel oil related to the temperature
at bunkering
w = velocity of flow [m/s]
ρ = density [kg/m³] 3.1 Calculation of the dynamical pressure
losses
ς = resistance coefficient 2 [-]
The loss of pressure in a pipeline results from the
hgeod = geodetic height [m] resistance behaviour of the straight pipe lengths and
V = volume flow [m³/s] their fittings for changes in direction, cross section and
flow as well as from their components (valves, sight
A = cross section of pipe [m²] glasses) and can be determined as follows:
Ad = cross section of pipe running full L ρ 2
Δp = λ ⋅ ⋅ w for straight pipe length (1)
U = wetted circumference [m] di 2
g = acceleration due to gravity [m/s²] ρ
Δp = ς ⋅ ⋅ w2 for the fittings (2)
Re = Reynolds number [-] 2
Rekr = critical Reynolds number (2320) From formulae (1) and (2) results the dynamical pres-
sure loss of a pipe section, since:
ν = kinematic viscosity [m²/s]
c = correction factor [-] ⎡⎛ L ⎞ ρ ⎤
Δpdyn = Σ ⎢⎜ λ + Σ ςn ⎟ ⋅ ⋅ w n 2 ⎥ (3)
s = thickness of pipe [mm] ⎣⎢⎝ d n ⎠ 2 ⎥⎦
Δs L
= tolerances of wall thickness [mm] λ⋅ = resistance coefficient for the straight pipe
dn length of inside diameters d1…..dn
2. Calculation of the overflow line Σ ςn = sum of the individual resistance coeffi-
The overflow line is to be so designed that the dy- cients for fittings and components in pipe
namic and static pressure losses due to flow through sections of flow rate w1….wn
the line with the topping-up rate will not exceed the
design pressure of the storage tanks. 3.2 Correction factor and equivalent diameter
This means that The allowable tolerances for pipes given in the stan-
dards are to be taken into consideration by means of a
Δpges = Δpdyn + Δpstat < design pressure
correction factor.
This can be approximately calculated as follows:

––––––––––––––
1 In the systems handled in these Guidelines laminar flow
(Re < Rekr) can be assumed ––––––––––––––
2 The Zeta values needed for the calculation are to be taken from 3 In the calculation the density is given with minimum 1000
recognized standards or publications [kg/m3]
Chapter 6 Annex A Calculation of the Overflow Line VI - Part 3
Page A–2 GL 2008

5 Δpdyn = const.
⎡ 1 ⎤
c = ⎢ ⎥ (4)
⎢1 − Δs ⎛ d ⎞ − single volume flows add up to the total volume
⋅ ⎜ a − 1⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ s ⎝ di ⎠ ⎥⎦ flow
V = V1 + V2 + …. Vn
Equation (4) put in equation (3), results in:
The solution of the individual equations (3) can only
⎡⎛ L ⎞ ρ ⎤ be found by iteration, since λ = f(Re) and Re = f(w).
Δpdyn = Σ ⎢⎜ λ ⋅ + Σ ςn ⎟ cn ⋅ ⋅ w n 2 ⎥ (5)
⎣⎢⎝ dn ⎠ 2 ⎥⎦
3.2.2 Pressure losses for pipes connected in se-
Where cn are the correction values for d1….dn pipe ries
diameters.
Analogous to 2.2.1 the pressure losses for the individ-
Equation (1) also applies to non-circular cross sections ual pipes are to be determined according to equation
if instead of the inside diameter di the equivalent di- (3).
ameter dgl is put in:
The pressure loss of all pipes results from the sum of
4 ⋅ Ad all individual pressure losses:
dgl = (6)
U
Δpdyn = Δpdyn1 + Δpdyn2 + …… Δpdynn
3.2.1 Pressure losses for pipes connected in par-
allel 4. Calculation of statical pressure losses
If two or more overflow pipe lines are lead from a The statical pressure loss results from the geodetic
storage tank to the collecting manifold, the following heights of the overflow pipelines, measured between
applies: tank top and overflow summit (peak) of the pipes.
− same pressure loss: This is to be determined as follows:
Δpstat = hgeod ⋅ g ⋅ ρ (7)

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