Dr. D. Y.
Patil Institute of Engineering, Management, and Research, Akurdi,
Pune-411044.
Mechanical Engineering Department
Hydraulics and Pneumatics
EXPERIMENT NO-
TRIAL ON GEAR PUMP
Aim: Test on Gear pump and plotting performance characteristics
Experiment Setup:
Specifications-
1. Gear Pump - 1/2" BSP connections, rated speed 1500 rpm.
2. Motor - 1/2 H.P., 1425 rpm, 3 phase with 3-speed cone pulley and v- belt.
3. Measurements & Controls
a. Vacuum gauge at the suction of the pump.
b. Pressure gauge at discharge line of the pump. 0 – 10 Kgf/cm2.
c. Energymeter for motor input measurement,
d. Measuring tank for discharge measurement.
e. Gate valve for discharge pressure control.
f. Valves to direct the oil either to sump tank or measuring tank.
4. Sump tank - 50 ltrs. capacity.
5. Measuring tank – 250 x 250 x 300 mm
Classification of pump:
1. Non Positive Displacement pumps (Hydrodynamic Pumps):
These pumps are used for low pressure high volume flow applications. They are not
capable of withstanding high pressure and are of little use in fluid power field. They are
primarily used for transporting fluid from one location to other.
Types: Centrifugal (impeller) and axial (propeller) pump.
2. Positive Displacement Pumps:
This type is universally used for fluid power systems. As the name implies, a positive
displacement pump is capable of overcoming the pressure resulting from mechanical loads
on systems as well as resistance to flow due to friction.
There are mainly 3 types of pumps:
1. Gear pump
2. Vane pump
3. Piston pump
Advantages of Positive Displacement Pumps over Hydrodynamic Pumps
i) High-pressure capacity
ii) Small, compact size
iii) High volumetric efficiency
iv) Small change in volumetric efficiency throughout the design pressure range
v) The great flexibility of performance. (Can operate over a wide range of pressure
requirements and speed range)
Pumping Theory:
All pumps operate on the principle whereby a partial vacuum is created at the inlet due to
the internal operation of the pump. This allows atmospheric pressure to push the fluid out
of the oil tank and into the pump intake. The pump then mechanically pushes the fluid out
to the discharge line. These pumps do not pump pressure. Instead, they produce fluid
flow; the resistance to this flow produced by the hydraulic system is what determines
pressure. If resistance to flow is infinite there will be no place for fluid to go as the pump
continues to create flow. Thus pressure rises infinitely theoretically unless some
component fails or pressure relief is provided in the same way. Thus for a positive
displacement pump, a pressure valve is needed.
GEAR PUMP (Construction and Working):
It develops flow by carrying fluid between its two meshing teeth on external gears. One
of the prime gears is connected to the desired shaft connected to the prime mover. The
second gear is driven as it meshes with the driving gear. The oil chamber is formed
between gear teeth, pump housing and side wear plates. The suction side is where teeth
came out off mesh and demesh and its here where the volume expands bringing about a
reduction in pressure below atmospheric pressure as oil supply tank is vented to
atmosphere. Discharge side is where teeth go into meshing and here volume decreases
between mating teeth since the pump has positively internally seal against leakage, oil is
positively ejected in outlet port. The figure shows the schematic of the external type Gear
pump.
Figure: External Gear Pump
Procedure
1. Fill up sufficient clean oil in the tank (SAE 40, at least 15ltrs.) Before putting the
oil, the tank must be clean. Rotate the belt by hand to check for freeness of
operation.
2. Keep the valve, which directs the oil to the sump, open. Now start the motor.
3. Set the discharge pressure with the help of the valve and note down the
observations.
4. Repeat the procedure for different pressures. Take similar observations by
changing the pump speed.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Sr. Discharge Suction Time for 10 cm oil Time for 5 rev. of Speed
No. pressure vacuum in measuring tank energy meter sec.
(kg/cm2) mm of Hg sec. (RPM)
CALCULATIONS -
PRECAUTIONS -
1) Never keep the sump lid open.
2) Always fill up clean oil in the sump.
3) Never use the heads above 7 kg/cm2 of the pressure gauge.
6) Always operate all the controls gently.
RESULT TABLE -
Sr. Speed Discharge, Discharge, Total I.P. S.P. Overall % slip
No. (Q) (Q) head
RPM (H) m kW kW Efficiency
m3/s LPM
RESULTS-
Plot the following graphs -
a) Discharge V/s Speed.
b) Discharge V/s Head
c) I.P. V/s Speed
CONCLUSIONS-
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