College of Accountancy

College of Teacher Education

College of Business Administration
College of Hospitality Management
First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

MODULE 9
SPECIFIC ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
The Information Age

Course Title: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Course Code: GE 7

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: ________________________________________
Contact Number: ________________________________________
Date and Time Allotment: __November 18 & 20 , 2020 ( 2 hours -WEEK 9)_
Instructor: ________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

Introduction

This module entitled Specific Issues in Science, Technology and Society is about the Information Age. Humans are
surrounded on all sides by technology claiming to supply information; television, smart phones, and internet devices, among
others. Life is accompanied by endless transmission of information that takes place within and outside the human body.

I. Objectives

At the end of the end of this module, students should be able to:
1. Define Information Age.
2. Discuss the history of Information Age.
3. Understand the factors that need to be considered in checking website sources.

II. Lecture

INFORMATION AGE
 A period starting in the last quarter of the 20th century when information became effortlessly accessible through
publications and through the management of information by computers and computer networks.
 It is also called the Digital Age and the New Media Age because it was associated with the development of
computers.
 Theory of Information Age that was proposed by JAMES R. MESSENGER (1982), He stated that “the Information
Age is true new age based upon the interconnection of computers via telecommunications, with these information
systems operating on both a real-time and as needed basis. Furthermore, the primary factors driving this new age
forward are convenience and user-friendliness which, in turn, will create user dependence.”

 During 1980s, RICHARD WURMAN called it “INFORMATION ANXIETY” because :

1. We were unprepared to handle.
2. Abundance of information, it was difficult to collect and manage
3. We no longer kept them to ourselves. Instead, we share them and manage them in different means.
 During 1990s, information became the currency in the business world.
 It was preferred medium of exchange and information managers served as information officers.
 In the present generation, there is no doubt that information has turned out to be a commodity, an overdeveloped
product, mass-produced, and unspecialized.
 We can still say that information is a very important tool that helps improve our way of life.
 The Information Age will continue to move forward and far greater than our minds could imagine.

INFORMATION
 A word is a combination of sounds that represents something and has POWER
 It is this significance which makes words distinct from just any kind of vocal utterance.
 Words are made up of sounds and they transmit something more significant. They transmit a message.

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  The words are “informed” because they carry “information”.
 Words are informed with meaning given by the speaker and intended for the listener.
 Simply put, they communicate MEANING.
TRUTHS OF INFORMATION AGE
 Article made by “ROBERT HARRIS”
 CONCEPTS:
1. Information must be complete. There is need for information to stand out and be recognized in the increasing
clutter.
2. Newer is equated with truer. We forgot the truth that any fact or value can endure.
3. Selection is a viewpoint. Choose multiple sources for your information if you want to receive a more balanced view
of reality.
4. The media sells what the culture buys. In other words, information is driven by cultural priorities.
5. The early word gets the perm. The first media channel to expose an issue often defines the context, terms, and
attitudes surrounding it.
6. You are what you eat and so is your brain. Do not draw conclusions unless all ideas and information are presented
to you.
7. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited. The demand for incredible knowledge, scandals, and secrets is
ever-present; hence, many events are fabricated by tabloids, publicists, or other agents of information fraud.
8. Ideas are seen as controversial. It is almost certainly impossible to make any assertion that will not fins some
supporters and some detractors.
9. Undead information walks ever on. Rumors, lies, disinformation and gossips never truly die down. They persist and
continue to circulate.
10. Media presence creates the story. People behave much differently from the way they would if being filmed when the
media are present, esp. film news or television media.
11. The medium selects the message. Television is mainly pictorial, partially aural, and slightly textual, so visual stories
are emphasized: fires, chases and disasters.
12. The whole truth is a pursuit. The information that reaches us is usually selected, verbally charged, filtered, slanted,
and sometimes, fabricated. What is neglected is often even more important than what is included.

THE ROLE OF LANGUANGE

KNOWING
 a first step and an ability to name and classify objects found in nature

LANGUAGE
 ability to make sense of nature
 An object worthy of admiration
 We have the speaker and the listener
 Understanding of communication

UNIFYING FACTOR
 Something in common
 There was an inside to be “understood”
 Meta Phusis , meaning “after nature”
PLATO
 A Philosopher and has a principle of “ONE AND THE MANY”, refers to the underlying unity among diverse beings
in the natural world
 There is a common intrinsic nature shared by different objects, which determines their real sense

MATHEMATICS : as the language of nature

 The great contribution of ISAAC NEWTON
 Nature can be understood because it speaks in the language of mathematics and the human brain, to a certain
extent, can comprehend this language.
 In fact, this is not always appreciated.

TECHNOLOGICAL WORLD

WESTERN THINKERS
 They harnessed the forces of nature to understand them better
 Ability to think and conceptually comprehend nature and the principles it follows leads to science
 Lost in antiquity
– the first sailing vessel that worked through the power of the wind

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  Hero of Alexandria
– invented a primitive engine in the first century

PRINTING PRESS
 The power of EIDOS (or idea), witnessed the development in the West.
 The ancient fascination with language gave rise to the preservation of the words
 The importance of WORDS –power to be informed as a human being- led to the transmission of ideas through
hand-copying.
 From this manual action, transform cultures- THE PRINTING PRESS- it is the beginning of a true revolution

COMPUTERS
 Are the most important contributions of advances in the Information Age to society.
 It is an electronic device that stores and process data (information).
 It runs on a program that contains the exact, step-by-step directions to solve a problem.

TYPES OF COMPUTER
 PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)
– a single-user instrument. It is first known as microcomputers since they were a complete computer but
built on a smaller scale.

 DESKTOP COMPUTER
-It will be set up in a permanent spot –A workstation is simply a desktop computer that has a more powerful
processor, additional memory, and enhanced capabilities for performing special group of tasks. –It offers more
storage, power and versatility.

 LAPTOPS
– portable computers that integrate the essentials of a desktop computer in a battery-powered package,
they are commonly called NOTEBOOKS.

 PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS (PDA’s)

-tightly integrated computers that usually have no keyboards but rely on a touch screen for user input.
PDAs are typically smaller than a paperback, lightweight, and battery-powered.
- Found in big establishments where people can operate for their guidance

 SERVER
-Refers to a computer that has been improved to provide network services to other computers.
-It is usually a boast powerful processors, tons of memory, and large hard drives.

 MAINFRAMES
- These are huge computer systems that can fill an entire room.
- They are used esp. by large firms to describe the large, expensive machines that process millions of
transactions every day.
- The term “mainframe” has been replaced by enterprise server.

 WEARABLE COMPUTERS
- They involve materials that are usually integrated into cell phones, watches, and other small objects or
places.
- They perform common computer applications such as database, email, multimedia, and schedules.

CLAUDE E. SHANNON
 An American Mathematician and the “FATHER OF INFORMATION THEORY”
 The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected networks that facilitate data transmission
 It was developed during the 1970’s by the Department of Defense
 One problem faced by Internet users was SPEED.

ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
1. Improved innovation
2. Improved entertainment
3. Improved social discoveries
4. Localization of knowledge
5. Improved communication
DISADVANTAGES

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 1. Cyber sickness
2. Technology changes the way children think

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 A modern example of technology , the 20th-century tour de force
 Invented by SIR TIM BERNERS-LEE
 It is a way of addressing data processing and information sharing needs among scientist for the EUROPEAN
ORGANIZATION for NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)
 CERN produces a huge amount of scientific data every second

Telephone and Telegraph

 Allowed the transmission of information to transcend physical boundaries, processing of veritable ocean and
mountain of scientific data

SOCIAL MEDIA
 Encourages building a community of like-minded people.
 The easy access to personal information makes one susceptible to online predation, identify theft, and scamming
among other.
 Reinforces biases and beliefs based only on the content that they allow within the community, forgoing the variation
and clash of ideas provided in real life.
 Human being must be responsible in utilizing information to avoid and prevent harming other people.

IM – Instant Message
SMS – Short Message Service
USB – Universal Serial Bus
URL – Uniform Resource Locator
PDA – Personal Digital Assistance

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________
Date of Submission: _____________________________________
Instructor: _________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe____________

 Note/Reminder:
 Don’t hesitate to ask me if there are some difficulties.
 Always update me upon doing your activity/assessment.
 The deadline of your activities/assessment will be announced in our Group Chat.
 Keep calm and be motivated as always!
 Don’t push yourself to the limit. If you’re tired, then rest. After a while, make a move again.
 Put a smile on your face. 

III. Application/Activity
Directions: Answer the given question in NOT more than 5 sentences.

1. Aside from communication, what other aspects of society is/are being influenced in the Information Age?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are other technological advancements can possibly be developed in the future?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How did the transmission of information evolve from the ancient times up to the present?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Assessment

Directions: Think a device with special features that you can develop to help improve lives of people in our society. It could be
something that you can develop to help in communication, transportation, health, and the like. Illustrate your device in a coupon bond
(short/long). Show your output by having a documentation before, during and after and explain.

Date Finished: _________________________ Signature: _________________________

V. Other References

 Madan, M. (n.d.). “Bioinformatics-an aid for biological research.”Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mrc-
lmb.cam.ac.uk/genomes madanm/articles/bioinfo.htm.
 Messenger,J.R. (1982). “Theory of the Information Age.” Accessed February 26,2017.
http://www.informationage.org/briefhistory.html
 Harris,R. (n.d.). “Truths of the Information Age.” Accessed of February 26,2017. http://www.virtualsalt.com/infotrue.htm
 Lee College Livrary (n.d). “How Can I Tell if a Website is Reliable?” Accessed August 2, 2017.
 Rouse, M. (2014). “Information Age.”Accessed February 27,2017. http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/Information-Age.

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 College of Accountancy
College of Teacher Education
College of Business Administration
College of Hospitality Management
First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

MODULE 10
SPECIAL ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Biodiversity and the Healthy Society

Course Title: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Course Code: GE 7

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________________
Date and Time Allotment: ____November 23 & 25 , 2020 (2 hours- WEEK 10)__
Instructor: ____________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

Introduction

This module entitled Special Issues in Science, Technology and Society is about Biodiversity and Healthy Society.
Decrease in biodiversity is eminent worldwide. Humans have industrialized the natural habitat of wildlife as well as marine
life. Leaving these creatures with no place to live would eventually cause their deaths.

I. Objectives

At the end of the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Determine the interrelatedness of society, environment, and health.
2. Create a diagram that would show the relatedness of species in forming up a diverse and healthy society without
compromising one another.
3. Identify everyday tasks and evaluate whether they contribute to the wellness and health of biodiversity and society or not.

II. Lecture

EMPEDOCLES
 The four elements: air, water, fire and earth

BIODIVERSITY
 How living things are related to one another (RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS)
 Variety of life forms in the entire planet Earth
 Variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and ecological
complexes
 The study of the relationship of the biotic, living organisms and the abiotic, non-living organisms
 The loss of biodiversity was from CHARLES DARWIN and ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE

TAXONOMY
 It is the hierarchical system of classifying and naming organisms
 It is the ability of the mind to find the common in the diverse, the ONE in MANY
 It is a system used to show the living organisms in the world are diverse and share many traits
 Study to clarify organisms in the natural world. It is also a system devised by SWEDISH SCIENTIST – CARL LINNAEUS.

ECOSYSTEM
 The relationship between living and non-living things

THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
1. Habitat loss and destruction
2. Alterations in ecosystem composition
3. Over-exploitation
4. Pollution and Contamination
5. Global Climate Change

CONSEQUENCES OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS

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 1. Affect nutrient cycles and soil contents
2. Influence environmental conditions such as water cycles, weather patterns, climate and other nonbiotic aspects
3. Loss of biodiversity

ENVIRONMENT-RELATED ILLNESSES
1. Parkinson’s Disease
2. Heart Disease
3. Cancer
4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
5. Asthma
6. Diabetes
7. Obesity
8. Occupational Injuries
9. Arthritis
10. Malaria
11. Depression

2010 : INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF BIODIVERSITY

 Biological Diversity – known as biodiversity, is a term given to the variety of life on Earth and the natural patterns it forms
 This year is focuses on boosting awareness of biodiversity’s importance by promoting actions to foster biodiversity worldwide.
Various partners have committed to actively participating in or organizing activities and projects

The Biodiversity International has released a module entitled : “LAW AND POLICY OF RELEVANCE TO THE MANAGEMENT OF
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES”
 Aims to help professionals in managing, conserving, and using plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
 This module provides the following definitions:
1. Biotechnology uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for a
specific use.
2. Genetic engineering is a technique that allows genes and DNA to be transferred from one source to another. It leads to the
production of living modified organisms (LMO’s) or genetically modified organisms (GMO’s).
3. Modern biotechnology gives scientists molecular tools for obtaining a better understanding of the structure and function of
genes in living organism.

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________
Date of Submission: _____________________________________
Instructor: ________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe____________

 Note/Reminder:
 Don’t hesitate to ask me if there are some difficulties.
 Always update me upon doing your activity/assessment.
 The deadline of your activities/assessment will be announced in our Group Chat.
 Keep calm and be motivated as always!
 Don’t push yourself to the limit. If you’re tired, then rest. After a while, make a move again.
 Put a smile on your face. 

III. Application/Activity
Directions: Answer the given question in NOT MORE than 5 sentences.

1. Do you think that Earth can exist without human beings taking care of it? Or biodiversity also needs human beings for it to be in a
continuous growing process?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the small ways that you think would promote safekeeping our biodiversity? What do you think are the common human
activities that can harm biodiversity? What would be the consequences if these human activities might be stopped and prohibited?

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Assessment
Directions: Come up with an advocacy that you think is timely, knowing that in our emerging needs to endure in this world,
biodiversity collapses and suffers just to provide our necessities for survival.

Date Finished: _________________________ Signature: _________________________

V. Other References
 Convection on Biological Diversity (n.d.). “United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.” Accessed July 31,2017.
http://www.cbd.int/2011-2020/.
 Convection on Biological Diversity.(2010). “United Nations COHAB Initiative: Biodiversity and Global Health.” Accessed July
31, 2017, http://www.cbd.int/doc/health/cohab-policy-briefl-en.pdf.
 WWW Global. (n.d.). “How does Biodiversity loss affect me and everyone.” Accessed July 31, 2017.
https://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/biodiversity_and_you/.
 Rensik, D. B. & Portier, C, J. (2017). ”Environment, Ethics, and Human Health.” In The Hasting Center. Accessed July 31,
2017. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/briefingbook environmental-health/.
 Villaggio Globale. (2009). (n.d.). “Biodiversity is the Life Insurance of Life Itself.” Accessed July 2017.
http://vlobale.it/complementari/8913-biodiversity-is-the-life-insurance-of-life- itself.html.

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 College of Accountancy
College of Teacher Education
College of Business Administration
College of Hospitality Management
First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

MODULE 11
SPECIAL ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Genetically Modified Organisms: Science, Health and Politics

Course Title: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Course Code: GE 7

Name: _________________________________________________
Course and Year: _________________________________________________
Contact Number: _________________________________________________
Date and Time Allotment: November 27 & December 2 , 2020 ( 2 hours - WEEK 10-11)
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

Introduction

This module entitled Special Issues in Science, Technology and Society is about Genetically Modified Organisms:
Science, Health and Politics. From the early times, when ancient philosophers of nature tried to explain all things as
comings from the elements of water, fire, air or Earth, science sought for the common characteristics, a unifying element, in
all of nature’s many phenomena.

I. Objectives

At the end of the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Identify issues on genetically modified organisms.
2. Discuss different implications and impact of GMO’s.
3. Create a research paper on the impact of GMO’s in the Philippine context.

II. Lecture

GENETIC ENGINEERING
• It was coined by Jack Williamson, author of the science fiction novel Dragon
• The reality of science laboratories or emerging field of science that quest to preserve and prolong life.
• A process of deliberate manipulation of the organism’s genes, that involve transfer of genes from other organism

GMO (GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM)

• Used for an organism created through genetic engineering
• The WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION), defines the GMO as an “organism, either plant, animal or microorganism, in
which the genetic material (DNA) does not occur naturally by mating or natural recombination.
• The development of GMO’s was perceived to help in the advancement of technology for the benefit of humans in different
industries like agriculture and medicine.

GMO’s IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES

1. Pest Resistance
 to resist certain pests,
 Example: Bt. (Bacillus thuringiensis) Corn, a soil bacterium that produces proteins which is toxic to corn borers (worms)

2. Virus Resistance
 to resist certain viruses
 Example: GM papaya or rainbow papaya , the effect of protein was like vaccines humans against measles or influenza
virus

3. Herbicide Tolerance
 tolerance to herbicide
 Example: Roundup Ready Soybean

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 4. Fortification
 fortified with certain minerals
 Example: Golden Rice
5. Cosmetic Preservation
 resist natural discoloration

6. Increase Growth rate

 higher yield in growth.
 Example: AquAdvantage salmon

GMO’S IN NON-FOOD CROPS AND MICROORGANISMS

1. Flower Production – seen in modified color and extended vase life of flowers , ex. BLUE ROSES
2. Paper Production – modified characteristics of trees , ex. Poplar Trees
3. Pharmaceutical Production –modified plants to produce products , ex. Periwinkle Plants
4. Bioremediation – modified plants that can assist of polluted sites, ex. Shrub tobacco
5. Enzyme and Drug Production – modified microorganisms that can produce enzymes for food processing and medicines, ex.
Artemesin
6. GMO’s in the medical field – production of drugs, gene therapy and laboratory researches, ex. Humulin/Insulin

BENEFITS OF GMO’s
1. Higher efficiency in farming – use of pesticides in crops
2. Increase in harvest – increase in potential growth
3. Control in Fertility – controlling the purity of the hybrid seeds
4. Increase in Food Processing – help ease food processing
5. Improvement of desirable characteristics – longer shelf life, enhanced color and taste, enhanced production or reduction of
enzymes and other microorganisms
6. Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Enhancement – edible vaccines for viral and diarrheal disease
7. Reduce the use of fertilizer and pesticides

Potential Risks of GMO’s

1. Inadequate effects of GMO’s
2. Promotes mutation in organisms
3. More allergic reactions-side effect
4. Gene Mutation – abnormalities
5. Antibiotic Resistance – widespread of the disease
6. Nutritional Value – the food

Potential Environmental Risks Caused by GMO’s

1. Risk in gene flow
2. Emergence of new forms of resistance and secondary pests and weed problems
3. Recombination of Virus and Bacteria to produce new pathogens

TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

1. Direct Environmental Risks
 a. disruption of the natural communities ,
 b. unexpected behavior of the GMO’s ,
 c. cause harmful effects to ecosystem, d. cause negative impacts to the consumer

2. Indirect Environmental Risks

 a. alteration of agricultural practices,
 b. impacts to biodiversity,
 c. varied environmental impacts

Potential Human Health

1. May have adverse effects
2. May alter the balance of existing microorganisms in human digestive system
3. Production of toxins
4. Production of allergens
5. Cloning
6. Mutation of genetically engineered microorganism

BIOSAFETY ON GMOs
• The Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex)
o Codex is an intergovernmental body that develops the Codex Alimentarius, known as the International Food
Code
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
o An international environmental treaty that regulates transboundary movements of Living Modified Organisms
(LMOs)
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 • International Trade Agreement on Labeling of GM Food and Food Products
o Give rights to importing parties to reject and accept the GM products
Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________
Date of Submission: _____________________________________
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______

 Note/Reminder:
 Don’t hesitate to ask me when there are some difficulties.
 Always update me upon doing your activity/assessment.
 The deadline of your activities/assessment will be announced in our Group Chat.
 Keep calm and be motivated as always!
 Don’t push yourself to the limit. If you’re tired, then rest. After a while, make a move again.
 Put a smile on your face. 

III. Application/Activity
Directions: Agree or Disagree. Discuss the topics below according to your opinions.
Topics: a. Use of genetically modified milk from animals for human baby consumption.
b. Economic concerns over moral issues on GM food and food products.

IV. Assessment

Directions: Write your reaction on the impacts of GMOs on one of the following topics: You may choose one.
a. Golden Rice of the International Rice Research Institute
b. Genetically modified organism produced by Philippine researchers
c. Issues on Philippine biosafety policies

Date Finished: _________________________ Signature: _________________________

V. Other References
 Akhter,J. (2001).” Genetically Modified Foods”: Health and Safety Issues.” Research Gate. Accessed October
25,2017.
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6539067/Genetically_Modified_Foods_Health_and_Safety_Issues
 Grace Communication Foundation. (n.d). “Genetic Engineering.” Acessed August 1,2017.
https://www.sustainable.org/264/genetic-engineering.
 Herman,J. (2016). “Gene theraphy and genome editing strategies for HIV resistance.” Accessed August 1,2017.
https:www.fredhutch.org/en/news/spotlight/imports/gene-theraphy-and-genome-editing-strategies-for-
hivresistance.html
 Brar,D. “The History of Insulin.” In International Islet Transplant Registry. Accessed August 1,2017.
http://www.med.uni-giessen.de/itr/history/inshist.html.
 Aruelo,L. (2016). “Philippines GMO-Free Zones: Successful Roots in Organic Policy and Law.” In GMO-Free
Regions. Accessed August 1,2017
 Elomaa, P. & Holton, T. (1994). Modification of Flower Colour using Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology and
Genetic Engineering Reviews.

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 College of Accountancy
College of Teacher Education
College of Business Administration
College of Hospitality Management
First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

MODULE 12
SPECIAL ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
The Nano World

Course Title: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Course Code: GE 7

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________________
Date and Time Allotment: November 27 & December 2, 2020 ( 2 hours- WEEK 11-12)
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

Introduction

This module entitled Special Issues in Science, Technology and Society is about the Nano World. In the pursuit of
science and technology, humans are now dealing more and more with a world not seen by the naked eye. This is no
surprise as the study of science keeps leading us beyond the world of everyday. The information we search for is always
available in nature but we need tools to harvest it. Scientific researchers have developed new technological tools that
greatly improved different aspects of our lives.

I. Objectives

At the end of the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Define nanotechnology.
2. Characterize nanoscale.
3. Describe the various uses of nanotechnology.
4. Discuss concerns on the use of nanotechnology.
5. Explain the status of the use of nanotechnology in the Philippines.

II. Lecture

NANO
 It refers to a unit meaning one billionth or ten raise to a negative 9 .
 It expresses a very tiny amount or size

NANOTECHNOLOGY
 It refers to a manipulation of mater on an atomic or subatomic scale
 The innovations were include microprocessors and strain-resistant fabrics
 It is also a fields of science that resolve a problems in health, environment and security
 It may become pervasive to develop new materials with specific properties
 Introduce new efficiencies and paradigm

MATERIALS on how to View Nanomaterials

1. Electron Microscope
o utilizes a beam of electrons to light up a specimen and develop a well-magnified image, by Ernst Ruska and
Max Knoll
2. Atomic Force Microscope
o by Gerd Binig, Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber, it makes use of a mechanical probe that gathers
information from the surface of a material
3. Scanning tunnelling microscope
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 o used to view and manipulate nanoscale particles, atoms and small molecules, by Gerd Binig and Heinrich
Rohrer

Nanomanufacturing
 It refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices and systems.
 It involves research, improvement, and incorporation of processes for construction of materials
 It leads to the development of new products and improved materials

Fundamental Approaches to Nanomanufacturing

1. Bottom-up Fabrication
• It manufactures products by building them up from atomic- and molecular-scale components, it can be time-
consuming

2. Top-down Fabrication
• it trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale.
• This process needs larger amounts of materials and discards excess raw materials

New Approaches to the assembly of nanomaterials

(based from the application)
1. Dip pen Lithography
2. Self-assembly
3. Chemical vapor deposition
4. Nanoimprint lithography
5. Molecular beam epitaxy
6. Roll-to-roll processing
7. Atomic layer epitaxy

DISTINCT FEATURES OF NANOSCALE

1. Scale at which much biology occurs
2. Scale at which quantum effects dominate properties of materials
3. Nanoscale materials have far larger surface areas than similar masses of larger-scale materials

GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DOFFERENT COUNTRIES (DAYRIT,2005)

1. U.S. National nanotechnology Initiative
2. European Commission
3. Japan
4. Taiwan
5. India
6. China
7. Israel
8. Australia
9. Canada
10. Soth Korea
11. Thailand
12. Malaysia

POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. ICT and semiconductors
2. Health and medicine
3. Energy
4. Food and Agriculture
5. Environment

NANOTECH ROADMAP FOR THE PHILIPPINES (Funded by PCAS-TRD-DOST)

1. ICT and semiconductors
2. Health and biomedical
3. Energy
4. Environment
5. Agriculture and Food
6. Health and Environmental Risk
7. Nnao-technology
8. Education and public awareness

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BENEFITS AND CONCERNS OF USING NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. Nanotechnology is not a single technology;it may become pervasive.
2. Nanotechnology seeks to develop new materials with specific properties.
3. Nanotechnology may introduce new efficiencies and paradigms which may make some natural resources and current
practices uncompetitive or obsolete.
4. It may be complicated to detetc its presence unless one has the specialist tools of nanotechnology.

Areas affected Benefits Concerns

by
nanotechnology
Environment • Improved Detection and • High reactivity and toxicity
removal of • Pervasive distribution in the
contaminants environment
• Development of benign • No nano-specific EPA regulation
industrial processes and
materials
Health • Improved medicines • Ability to cross cell membranes
and translocate in the body
• No FDA approval needed for
cosmetics or supplements
Economy • Better products • Redistribution of wealth
• New jobs • Potential cost of clean-ups and
healthcare
• Accessibility to all income levels

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________
Date of Submission: _____________________________________
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______

 Note/Reminder:
 Don’t hesitate to ask me when there are some difficulties.
 Always update me upon doing your activity/assessment.
 The deadline of your activities/assessment will be announced in our Group Chat.
 Keep calm and be motivated as always!
 Don’t push yourself to the limit. If you’re tired, then rest. After a while, make a move again.
 Put a smile on your face. 

III. Application/Activity
Directions: Answer the given question in NOT more than 5 sentences.

1. How can nanotechnology be used in the prevention and treatment of illnesses?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How can nanotechnology address problems in the environment?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is another example of a nanotechnology and how does it work?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Assessment
Directions: Illustrate or design a product or output that is made up of Nano materials you want to create. Explain the raw
materials that make up your product, the steps involved for developing your product, and the specific use of the final
product. What is the significance of your output for the society?

Date Finished: _________________________ Signature: _________________________

V. Other References
• Dayrit, F.M. (2005). “Nanotechnology: Business and Practical Applications: Where the Philippines Is and Where It
Should Be.” Ateneo de Manila University.
• Roco,M. “National Nanotechnology Initiative: The Long-Term View.” In Proceedings Nanotechnology and the
Environment:EPA,Oct.26-28,2005, Arlington,VA.
• Salamanca-Buentello et al. (2005). “Nanotechnology and the Developing World,” Plos Medicine. Accessed
February 25,2017. http://www. plosmedicine.org.
• National Nanotechnology Initiative. (2017). “Manufacturing at the nanoscale.” Accessed February 25,2017.
https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/manufacturing.
• National Nanotechnology Initiative. (2017). “What’s so special about the Nanoscale?”. February 25,2017.
https://www.nano.gov./nanotech-101/special.

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 College of Accountancy
College of Teacher Education
College of Business Administration
College of Hospitality Management
First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

MODULE 13
SPECIAL ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
The Aspects of Gene Therapy

Course Title: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Course Code: GE 7

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________________
Date and Time Allotment: __December 9 & 11 , 2020 ( 2 hours- WEEK 12 )____
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

Introduction

This module entitled Special Issues in Science, Technology and Society is about the Aspects of Gene Therapy.
Medical sciences has detected many human diseases related to defective genes. These types of diseases are not curable
by traditional methods like taking readily available medicines. When identifying the contribution of technology to biology, the
first place to look would be the field of human health. The whole vast concerns of human health including aging, disease
treatment and prevention, and diet and general lifestyle have greatly benefited from technology.

I. Objectives

At the end of the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Describe gene therapy and its various forms.
2. Assess the issue’s potential benefits and detriments to global health.
3. Differentiate Somatic gene therapy to Stem Cell Gene Therapy.

II. Lecture

Gene Therapy
 A method that may treat or cure genetic-related human illnesses
 Based on correcting a disease at its root
 Fixing the abnormal genes that appear to lead to certain diseases

Types of Gene Therapy

1. Somatic Gene Therapy
o involves the manipulation of genes that will be helpful to the patient but not inherited to the next generation
2. Germ-Line Gene Therapy
o involves genetic modification of germ cells or the origin cells that will pass the change on the next generation

Basic Process of Gene Therapy

1. Replacement of mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene
2. Inactivation of a mutated gene that is functioning improperly
3. Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease

Stem Cell Gene Therapy

 Are mother cells that have the potential to become any type of cell in the body
 They have an ability to self-renew or multiply
 They can become cells of the blood, heart, bones, skin, muscles, and brains

2 Sources of Stem Cell

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 1. Embryonic Stem Cells – derived from a four-or-five day old human embryo, they usually extras that are fertilized in a
test tube of a woman
2. Somatic Stem Cells- exist throughout the body after embryonic development and found in the different types of
tissue
Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________
Date of Submission: _____________________________________
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

 Note/Reminder:
 Don’t hesitate to ask me when there are some difficulties.
 Always update me upon doing your activity/assessment.
 The deadline of your activities/assessment will be announced in our Group Chat.
 Keep calm and be motivated as always!
 Don’t push yourself to the limit. If you’re tired, then rest. After a while, make a move again.
 Put a smile on your face. 

III. Application/Activity
Directions: Using a Venn diagram, differentiate the two forms of gene therapy.

IV. Assessment

Directions: Make a flow chart of the basic process of gene therapy. Explain each part of the process. You may use
references for your guide.

Date Finished: _________________________ Signature: _________________________

V. Other References
 Crosta, P. (n.d.). “ What are Stem Cells?” August 1,2017. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/stem_cell
 Fliester, N.(2017). “Now Hear This.”. August 1, 2017. https://www.harvard.edu/news/now-hear
 Nimsergern, M. (1998). “Gene Therapy.” August 1, 2017. https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/
 Science Daily. (n.d.). “Gene Therapy.” August 1,2017. https://www.sciencedaily.com
 Your Genome. “Is Germline Gene Therapy Ethical?” August 1,2017. https://www.yourgenome.org

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 College of Accountancy
College of Teacher Education
College of Business Administration
College of Hospitality Management
First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

MODULE 14
SPECIAL ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Climate Change

Course Title: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Course Code: GE 7

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________________
Date and Time Allotment: __November 2 , 4, 6 & 9 , 2020 ( 4 hours- WEEK 8)____
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

Introduction

This module entitled Special Issues in Science, Technology and Society is about the Climate Change. Factors that
contribute to climate change can be natural internal process, external process and persistent anthropogenic changes in the
composition of the atmosphere or in land use. It can also be due to natural occurrences or contributed by acts of human
beings.

I. Objectives

At the end of the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Identify the causes of climate change.
2. Understand the effects of climate change on the society.
3. Illustrate how community helps in mitigating the hazards caused by climate change.

II. Lecture

CLIMATE CHANGE
 It refers to the statistically significant changes in climate for continuous period of time
 It can also be due to natural occurrences or contributed by acts of human beings.
 A long-term weather patterns prevailing over a given area of the planet
 It comes from the Greek word KLINEIN meaning “to slope”, it evolved into KLIMA, connoting a zone or region of the
Earth

EARTH’S MOVEMENT AROUND THE SUN

 The Earth is like spinning top or TRUMPO, turning and wobbling in its path

ELEMENTS IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SUN AND THE EARTH

1. APHELION
o the point in the orbit of the Earth farthest from the sun
2. PERIHELION
o point in the orbit of the Earth closest to the sun
3. EARTH’S AXIAL TILT
o inclination angle of the Earth’s rotational axis in perpendicular to its orbital plane
4. PRECESSION
o change of the orientation of the axis of the Earth
5. EQUINOX
o time the sun at noon is directly over the equator, it happens twice a year and causes an equal length of day
and night
6. SOLSTICE

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 o happens when the sun at noon sits above the TROPIC OF CANCER OR TROPIC OF CAPRICORN. The
summer solstice has the longest period of daylight in the year and the winter solstice has the shortest
period.
7. PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES
o motion of the equinoxes relative to the rotation of the earth.

CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

1. NATURAL CAUSES
• Volcanic Eruptions – emits natural gases
• Orbital Changes – earth’s orbit
• The Carbon Dioxide Theory – is added when power and heat are produced by burning coal, oil and other fossil
fuels

2. HUMAN ACTIVITIES
• Four principal greenhouse gases :CO2, CH4, N2O and halocarbons
• Deforestation
• Illegal Logging

GREENHOUSE GASES
• Gases in the atmosphere trap the heat of the sun, these are certain gases that naturally capture the heat from the
sun and hold it in so that the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere becomes hotter (Greenhouse Effect)
• This mechanism is good for the biosphere because without it, the Earth’s atmosphere would be like that of Mars or
Antartica - extremely cold

Name: _____________________________________________
Course and Year: _____________________________________
Contact Number: _____________________________________
Date of Submission: _____________________________________
Instructor: ______________Ms. Cleo O. Contaoe______________

 Note/Reminder:
 Don’t hesitate to ask me when there are some difficulties.
 Always update me upon doing your activity/assessment.
 The deadline of your activities/assessment will be announced in our Group Chat.
 Keep calm and be motivated as always!
 Don’t push yourself to the limit. If you’re tired, then rest. After a while, make a move again.
 Put a smile on your face. 

III. Application/Activity
Directions: Create an advocacy campaign by making a poster via social media that tells about how the community will help
mitigate the hazards caused by climate change.

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IV. Assessment
Directions: Create an infomercial showing how the community can help mitigate the hazards caused by climate change.

Date Finished: _________________________ Signature: _________________________

V. Other References
 Stern, N (2007). “How Climate Change Affects People Around the World.” In the Economics of Climate Change.
https://books.google.com.ph/books
 Pavico, J.M.F. (2015). Exploring Life through Science. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.
 Esribano, R. & Tanarro , I. (2010). Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere. Madrid:2010. October 10,2017.
https://google.com.ph/books
 Real Climate (2010). “The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Gilbert Plass.” August 1,2017. https://www.realclimate.org

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