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Srb-chap6.1-Force Systems in Space

This chapter discusses force systems in space and their representation using rectangular components. Key points covered include resolving vectors into rectangular components, using direction cosines to specify a vector's direction, adding vectors using their rectangular components, and examples of solving static equilibrium problems involving forces acting on objects in three dimensions. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculating rectangular force representations and determining equivalent resultant forces.

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Szchel Eariel Villarin
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441 views17 pages

Srb-chap6.1-Force Systems in Space

This chapter discusses force systems in space and their representation using rectangular components. Key points covered include resolving vectors into rectangular components, using direction cosines to specify a vector's direction, adding vectors using their rectangular components, and examples of solving static equilibrium problems involving forces acting on objects in three dimensions. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculating rectangular force representations and determining equivalent resultant forces.

Uploaded by

Szchel Eariel Villarin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6

force system
in space
SRB- STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

ENGR. PAOULO H. DE VEGA, ME


INSTRUCTOR III
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, UB
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 6:force system in space

Two important fundamental concepts is observed in


coplanar force systems:

1. That which relates a force to its components


2. The moment effect of a force is applied

It is also observed that the summations of the


components of the forces that is compromising the system
specified the magnitude and direction of the resultant. The
resultant’s position can be determined from the moment
effect of a certain system.
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 6:force system in space

The commonly used reference frame


is a right-handed, rectangular Cartesian
coordinate system. To test for right-
handedness, curl the fingers of your right
hand and extend your thumb, as shown in
the figure. The coordinate axes now should
line up with your hand as follows: the palm is
parallel to the x-direction, the fingers point in
they-direction, and the thumb lies in the z-
direction. Figure also shows the base vectors
i, j, and k of the coordinate system. They are
dimensionless vectors of unit magnitude
directed in the positive coordinate directions.
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
Chapter 6:force system in space

If a vector A is resolved into its rectangular


components, as illustrated in the figure, it can be written
as:

𝑨 = 𝐴𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐴𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐴𝑧 𝑘
The scalar components of A are:
𝐴𝑥 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥 𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑦 𝐴𝑧 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑧
The scalar components can be positive or
negative, depending upon whether the corresponding
vector component points in the positive or negative
coordinate direction. The magnitude of A is related to its
scalar components by:

𝐴= 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴 𝑦 2 + 𝐴𝑧 2
DIRECTION COSINES
Chapter 6:force system in space

The direction of A customarily is


specified by its direction cosines defined as:

𝜆𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥 𝜆𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑦 𝜆𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑧

The scalar components of A will become


𝐴𝑥 = 𝐴𝜆𝑥 𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴𝜆𝑦 𝐴𝑧 = 𝐴𝜆𝑧
and so equation for rectangular representation takes
the form:
𝑨 = 𝐴𝜆𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐴𝜆𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐴𝜆𝑧 𝑘

𝑨 = 𝐴(𝜆𝑥 𝑖 + 𝜆𝑦 𝑗 + 𝜆𝑧 𝑘) = 𝐴𝜆
VECTOR ADDITION USING RECTANGULAR
COMPONENTS
Chapter 6:force system in space

Consider the two vectors𝑨 = 𝐴𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐴𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐴𝑧 𝑘 and


𝑩 = 𝐵𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐵𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐵𝑧 𝑘. Letting C be the sum of A and B,
we have:

𝑪 = 𝑨 + 𝑩 = (𝐴𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐴𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐴𝑧 𝑘) + (𝐵𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐵𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐵𝑧 𝑘)

Which can be written as:


𝑪 = (𝐶𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐶𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐶𝑧 𝑘)
= (𝐴𝑥 +𝐵𝑥 )𝑖 + (𝐴𝑦 +𝐵𝑦 )𝑗 + (𝐴𝑧 +𝐵𝑧 )𝑘
Relative position vectors
Chapter 6:force system in space

The direction of a vector is


determined by two points which
relative position is measured from the
origin (0,0,0). The figure shows the
relative position vector AB: the vector
drawn from A (xA, yA, zA) to B (xB, yB,
zB ). The rectangular representation
of this vector is:
Relative position vectors
Chapter 6:force system in space
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space

GIVEN THAT P =120 N AND


Q= 130 N, FIND THE RECTANGULAR
REPRESENTATION OF P + Q.

ANS: 146i – 48j N


SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space

The R is the resultant of


the forces P1, P2, and P3 acting on
the rectangular plate. Find P1 and
P2 if R=40 kN and P3= 20 kN.

ANS: P1= 62.3 kN, P2 = 44.6kN


SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space
THE MAGNITUDE OF THE
FORCE F IS 120 N. FIND ITS
RECTANGULAR REPRESENTATION.

ANS: 63.0i - 52.5j - 87.6 k N


SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space

THE SLIDER TRAVELS ALONG


THE GUIDE ROD AB WITH THE
VELOCITY V = 6 m/s. DETERMINE THE
RECTANGULAR REPRESENTATIONS OF
A.) THE UNIT VECTOR DIRECTED FROM
A TOWARD B. B.) THE VELOCITY
VECTOR V.

ANS: a.) -0.269i + 0.875 j + 0.404k


b.) -1.61i + 5.24 j + 2.42 k m/s
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space
Determine the resultant R of two
forces shown.

ANS: -96i + 123.5j – 85.8k N


SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space

The magnitudes of the three


forces acting on the plate are T1= 100 kN,
T2= 80 kN, and T3= 50 kN. Replace these
forces with a single equivalent force R. And
find its magnitude.

ANS: -24.2i – 24.5j + 205.1 k kN, 208 kN


SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space

THE VERTICAL POST IS


SECURED BY THREE CABLES. THE
CABLE ARE PRE-TENSIONED SO
THAT THE RESULTANT OF THE
CABLE FORCES F, P AND Q. IS
DIRECTED ALONG THE Z-AXIS. IF
F=120 N, FIND P AND Q.

ANS: P = 74.3 N, Q= 69.9 N


SAMPLE PROBLEM
Chapter 6:force system in space
Three ropes are attached to the post
at A in the figure. The forces in the ropes are
F1 = 260 N, F2= 75 N, and F3= 60 N.
Determine 1.) the magnitude of force R that is
equivalent to the three forces shown, and
coordinates ,of the point where the line of
action of R intersects the yz-plane.

ANS: R =347.31 N, (0, 3.4286m, 4.0m)

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