o ~~~ ~~~I4S~1

a..
Q. Saudi Electricity Company
«

~
w
t)

IEI- 1-111.18
ReVIsionno.0

en
z
o
en
:>
w ACC/FDM CIRCUIT PERFORMANCE
0::
z
o
i=
Q.
D:
t)
en
w
o

PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

Cl) This document contains proprietary information developed by and for exclusive use of Saudi Electricity
iU Company. Your acceptance of the document is an acknowledgement that it must be used for the identified
o
purpose/application and during the period indicated. It cannot be used or copied for any other purposes nor
released to others without prior written authorization of Saudi Electricity Company. Saudi Electricity Company
ci ill not be responsible for misuse and/or misapplication, and any harm resulting therefrom. Saudi Electricity
z ompany also reserves the right to take any necessary actions to protect its interest against unauthorized use.

BY APPROVED BY

Engr. Abdullah M. AI-Gami Engr. Sa1eh N. Ar-sohaibani

Department Manager, Executive Director,
Transmission Standards & Engineering &Projects
Specifications
Date of Approval: December 03, 2008
, "
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD ,
TEST11108RO/AAG PAGE NO. 1 OF 14
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE

2.0 GENERAL

3.0 AITENUATION DISTORTION.

4.0 LIMITS FOR THE RESPONSE OUTSIDE THE BAND 300 TO 3400 HZ.

5.0 GROUP DELAY DISTORTION.

6.0 STABILITY OF VIRTUAL CARRIER FREQUENCIES.

7.0 CARRIER LEAK.

7.1 Carrier Leaks within the Basic Group Band 60-108 kHz.
7.2 Carrier Leaks Outside the Basic Group Band 60-108 kHz

8.0 PROTECTION AGAINST HARMFUL VOLTAGE SURGES, CLICKS, ETC.

9.0 LINEARITY.

10.0 AMPLITUDE LIMITING.

11.0 CROSSTALK.
11.1 Intelligible Inter-Circuit Crosstalk
11.2 Unintelligible Crosstalk Between Adjacent Channels
11.3 Go-to-Return Intelligible Crosstalk of any Channel within a Group.
11.4 Station Cable.

12.0 NOISE.

13.0 LEVELS, IMPEDANCE AND RETURN LOSS AT AUDIO FREQUENCY TERMINALS.

13.1 Recommendations.
13.2 Nominal Values.
TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 2 OF 14
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

13.3 Return Loss.

13.4 Intrinsic Return Loss.

14.0 LEVELS, IMPEDANCE AND RETURN LOSS AT THE HIGH-FREQUENCY

TERMINALS.

15.0 PROTECTIONS AND SUPPRESSION OF PILOTS.

15.1 Protection and Suppression of the Group Reference Pilot.
15.2 Protection and Suppression of the Supergroup Reference Pilot.
15.3 Manual Interference Between Pilot and Outband Signalling.

16.0 INTERRUPTION CONTROL.

NOTE: This Standard is not valid without its attached control sheet.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 3 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

1.0 SCOPE

This Standard defines the parameters for communications link performance using Aerial
Cable Carrier (ACC)/FDM Voice Frequency (VF) multiplex equipment.

2.0 GENERAL

2.1 On this Standard specifies criteria and design guidelines for Aerial Cable Carrier
(ACC)/FDM multiplex equipment.

2.2 This Standard will be a design manual for Design Contractors, Engineers,
Technicians and Operators who are involved in the procurement and operation of
facilities and it also provide information on VF parameters for Aerial Cable Carrier
(ACC)/FDM multiplex equipment.

3.0 ATTENUATION DISTORTION

3.1 The following conditions should be satisfied simultaneously:

3.1.1 The variation with frequency of overall losses of the 12 pairs of channel
transmitting and receiving equipment of one terminal equipment should not
exceed the limits shown in Graph A of Figure 2.

3.1.2 For each pair of channel transmitting and receiving equipment of one
terminal equipment, the variation of overall loss with frequency should not
exceed the limits in Graph B of Figure 2.

3.1.3 For the transmitting equipment of any channel, the attenuation/frequency

distortion should not exceed the limits in Graph C of Figure 2 where:

a) The frequencies shown as abscissa are audio frequencies, before

modulation.

b) The ordinates give the limits of relative power level measured at

carrier frequency.

3.1.4 For the receiving equipment of any channel, the attenuation/frequency

distortion should not exceed the limits of this same Graph C where, this
time:

a) The frequencies shown as abscissa are audio frequencies, before

demodulation.

b) The ordinates give the limits of relative power level measured at each
frequency, at the audio output terminals.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 4 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

3.1.5 As per paragraph 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 are based on the assumption that the
transmitting and receiving equipment will be treated on an equal footing,
and that the overall tolerances will be equally shared between the
transmitting and receiving sides.

4.0 LIMITS FOR THE RESPONSE OUTSIDE THE BAND 300 TO 3400 Hz

As per CCITT recommendations that in order to secure the values referred to in Table 1,
these terminal equipment should show a loss (and not a gain) in relation to the value for 800
Hz at all frequencies below a value f and all frequencies above a Value F.

a) For Graph B of Figure 2, the recommended values are as follows:

f = 200 Hz and F = 3600 Hz.

b) The values recommended for Graphs A and C are:

Graph A: f = 250 Hz and F = 3600 Hz.
Graph C: f = 200 Hz and F = 3600 Hz.

TABLE - 1
IN ONE NATIONAL SYSTEM MAXIMUM TOTAL NUMBER OF
Number of 0LL of Each LOOPS IN INTERNATIONAL
National Loop Loop CONNECTION
1 22dB 3
2 25dB 5
3 26.5dB 7

5.0 GROUP DELAY DISTORTION

5.1 The group delay distortion produced by all types of 4-Khz channel terminal
equipment is normally found to be quite acceptable so that no special equalization is
needed. To ensure that this remains true for the future, it is recommended that the
limits in Table 2 given below for the group-delay distortion (relative to the minimum
delay) should not be exceeded by a pair of channel transmitting and receiving
equipment of one 12-channel terminal equipment.

TABLE - 2
FRBQUEWY BAND GROUP-DELAY DISTORTION
400 - 500 Hz 5 ms
500 - 600 Hz 3 ms
600 - 1000 Hz 1.5 ms
1000 - 2600 Hz 0.5 ms
2600 - 3000 Hz 2.5 ms

5.2 Group-delay distortion values which are encountered in practice and which are
unlikely to be exceeded are 5 ms at 300 Hz and 2.5ms at 3300 Hz. (This information
may be of interest to network designers.).
TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 5 OF 14
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

6.0 STABILITY OF VIRTUAL CARRIER FREQUENCIES

Refer to CCITT G225.

7.0 CARRIER LEAK

7.1 Carrier Leaks within the Basic Group Band 60-108 kHz

7.1.1 The carrier leaks are measured at the group distribution frame (or an
equivalent point).

7.1.2 The absolute power level of these -leaks, referred to a point of zero relative
level, should be lower than the following values:

a) Carrier leak measured on one channel: -26 dBm0.

b) Sum of carrier leak powers of the various channels, measured within a

group: -20 dBm0.

7.1.3 However, if the group is transmitted via open wire lines over the whole or
part of its length, and if it is desired to guard against the risk of
conversations over the open-wire line being picked up by an ordinary
wireless receiver, the carrier leak must be further reduced.

7.1.4 The place and method to be used for the supplementary suppression of
carrier leak when a group on a cable is transferred to an open-wire line,
should be agreed to by the Administration concerned.

7.2 Carrier Leaks Outside the Basic Group Band 60-108 kHz

Carrier leaks resulting from different methods of modulation (premodulation,

pregroup modulation, etc.) may fall outside the frequency band 60-108 kHz and,
after group and supergroup modulation, affect adjacent groups and interfere with
wideband services. In order to limit such interferences, the power level of any such
carrier leak should be lower than -50 dBm0 measured at the group distribution
frame, or at an equivalent point.

NOTE: This value is sufficient for many applications (such as wideband data etc.)
In the case of sound-program transmission and 3 kHz spaced channels, etc.
in the adjacent group, more stringent limits need to be applied.

8.0 PRCTECTION AGAINST HARMFUL VOLTAGE SURGES, CLICKS, ETC.

8.1 Experience has shown that it may be necessary to protect equipment against harmful
voltage surges arising, for example: from clicks caused by switching equipment or
by low-frequency ringing currents.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 6 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

8.2 Some protection against these harmful voltage surges derives from the use by
various administration of terminations giving a high-pass filter effect and having a
high loss for frequencies below 300 Hz, or from limiting devices which are either
normally fitted in their carrier systems or which can be inserted in the termination.
Other arrangements can also be used.

9.0 LINEARITY

The curve representing the variation (as a function of power), of the overall loss per channel
of a combination of sending and receiving terminal equipment should be within the limits,
the measurements of the output power being made by means of a square law device.

10.0 AMPLITUDE LIMITING

The sending equipment of an individual channel, with the addition of a limiter where
necessary, must produce the limiting effect defined as follows: for any sine wave signal, at
any frequency between 300 and 3400 Hz applied at the input at any level not exceeding 20
dBm0, the level of the high frequency output signal, measured by means of quadratic law
aperiodic device and referred to zero relative level, should not exceed 12 dBm0.

11.0 CROSSTALK

11.1 Intelligible Inter-Circuit Crosstalk

11.1.1 The crosstalk ratio (intelligible crosstalk only) measured between two
carrier channels of the same group should not be less than 65 dB.

11.1.2 To check that this limit is met, measurement can be restricted to testing
with a frequency of 800 Hz with a power of 1 milliwatt at a point which
would be at a zero relative power level under normal working conditions. A
selective receiving instrument such as a wave analyser can be used.

11.2 Unintelligible Crosstalk Between Adjacent Channels

11.2.1 The crosstalk produced in an adjacent channel by an unwanted sideband, as

a result of imperfect suppression by the channel filter, is inverted and is
thus unintelligible. However, such crosstalk may have speech like rhythm
and the annoyance produced by a loud talker should be limited.

11.2.2 To check that the suppression is adequate the following method is applied.
The disturbed circuit is terminated at its sending end and the disturbing
channel is loaded with a uniform spectrum random noise signal shaped in
accordance with the speech power density curve given in CCITT G.227.

11.2.3 The power applied to the channel should not exceed 1 mW at a zero
relative level point so as to avoid the influence of the channel limiter.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 7 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

11.2.4 Using a psophometer, the noise produced in the disturbed channel is then
compared with the signal applied to the disturbing channel and the result is
expressed as a crosstalk power ratio. The value obtained (making
allowance where necessary for basic or other noise present on the disturbed
channel, independently of the crosstalk being measured) should be at least
60 dB.

11.3 GO-To-Return Intelligible Crosstalk of any Channel Within a Group

11.3.1 This recommendation will relate only to intelligible crosstalk measured

between the audio frequency distribution frame and the group distribution
frame, including the station wiring (although the crosstalk under
consideration comes chiefly from the channel terminal equipment).

11.3.2 The near-end crosstalk ratio measured between the "Audio In" point of
each channel and the correspondingly numbered 'Audio out" point (see
Figure 32) should be at least X dB when the high-frequency access are
suitably terminated.

11.3.3 In addition, the near-end crosstalk ratio measured between the "HF in" and
the "HF out" points should be at least A dB when the audio points are
appropriately terminated.

11.3.4 The CCITT recommends the following figures which are minimum values
to be included in specification (not objective):

a) For all channels X = 53 dB, A = 47 dB. The method of measurement

is given as per paragraph 12.11.3.

b) For channels of circuits which may be used with echo suppressors or

call concentrators X = 68 dB, A = 62 dB. The method of
measurement is defined as per paragraph 12.11.4.

11.4 Station Cabling

The contribution of the station cabling to go-to-return crosstalk arising in channel

translating equipment as measured at audio frequency or group distribution frames
should be small, i.e. about an order of magnitude lower than that of the equipment
itself. There seems no reason to propose more precise subdivisions of the limits
proposed in paragraph 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3 above.

12.0 NOISE

The noise produced by channel translating equipment refer to CCITT.G.222.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 8 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

13.0 LEVEL, IMPEDANCE AND RETURN LOSS AT AUDIO FREQUENCY TERMINALS

13.1 Recommendations

Taking into considerations the different ways in which we can applied (refer to
CCITT G.121) the modern devices now available, it is recommended that new
designs of channel translating equipment should meet the following conditions (See
Figure 1), in which the adjustable attenuation pads AR and AS enable the relative
levels to be adjusted, over a certain range. When these attenuation pads are set to
zero loss, the relative level at the S & R terminals of the equipment must have one of
the two series of nominal values shown in Table 3 given below:

TABLE - 3
MAXIMUM RECEIVE MINIMUM SEND
LEVEL AT R LEVEL AT S
CASE 1 + 4 dBr - 14 dBr
CASE 2 + 7 dBr - 16 dBr

13.2 Nominal Values

The nominal values of the impedance of the trunk (seen from the manual
switchboard jack or from the automatic selector) should be the same for all circuits
connected to the same trunk exchange. It is recommended that, if possible, future
carrier system terminal equipment should be designed to have a nominal value of
600 ohms for the impedance of national or international trunk circuits.

13.3 Return Loss

The return loss against 600 ohms of the sending and receive terminals with the pads
set to zero loss should be better than 15 dB over the frequency range 300-600 Hz and
better than 20 dB over the frequency range 600-3400 Hz.

13.4 Intrinsic Return Loss

The above limits relate to the intrinsic return loss i.e. that obtained when the cords
connecting the measuring apparatus to the equipment are as short as possible. In
view of the station cabling encountered in practice, the return loss recorded at the
low frequency distribution frame may differ from the intrinsic return loss. This
factor should be taken into account in designing and establishing the circuits.

14.0 LEVELS, IMPEDANCE AND RETURN LOSS AT THE HIGH-FREQUENCY

TERMINALS

Relative power levels and nominal impedance at the high frequency terminals of channel
translating equipment should be selected in accordance with the guidance given as CCITT
G.233. In relation to the nominal impedance, return loss at the input and output should not
be less than -2 dB in the wanted frequency band. This limit relates to the intrinsic return
loss, i.e. that obtained when the cords connecting the measuring apparatus to the equipment

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 9 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

are as short as possible. In view of the station cabling encountered in practice, the return
loss recorded at the distribution frame of groups may differ from the intrinsic return loss.
This factor should be taken into account in designing and establishing the links.

15.0 PROTECTION AND SUPPRESSION OF PILOTS

15.1 Protection and Suppression of the Group Reference Pilot

15.1.1 In view of the various possibilities of interference, it is recommended that

the terminal equipment of a 12-channel group should conform to the
attenuation/ frequency requirements of Table 4 given below:

TABLE - 4
Pilot Channel Interference Frequency in Maximum Loss Relative to
Frequency No. the Channel with Respect to 800 Hz Loss
(kHz) the Carrier (Hz) Equipment
Send (dB) Receive (dB)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
6 3920 20 40
84.080
7 80 20 20
6 3860 20 35
84.140
7 140 30 20

5.1.2 The required attenuation at the equivalent frequencies of -80 and 3920 Hz
or -140 and 3860 Hz may be obtained by a combination of audio filters, HF
channel filters, at the discretion of the users concerned. It is, however,
noted that, when there is a nonlinear device (such as a channel modulator
operated as a limiter, see paragraph 10.0) between audio frequency and HF,
filtration on the audio-frequency filters could have a much reduced effect
on high level audio frequency interference signals compared with the effect
on low-level signals. The relative losses quoted in columns (4) and (5) of
Table 5 are total effective losses required after the inclusion of a limiter.

15.1.3 All the attenuation values indicated above should be obtained over a band
of at least +3 Hz relative to the nominal pilot frequency for the pilot at
84.080 kHz and + 5 kHz at 84.140 kHz for both sending and receiving
sides. bandwith allows for the tolerances on the pilot and for the possible
frequency variations on an international circuit.

15.1.4 In addition, on the sending side, the attenuation over a band of + 25 Hz

relative to the nominal frequency of the pilot should be such that the total
energy of a white noise signal occupying that bandwidth is attenuated by at
least 20 dB. Any unwanted signals falling within the passband of the pilot
pick-off filter and may cause interference with an automatic gain regulator,
measuring equipment, etc.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 10 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

15.2 Protection and Suppression of the Supergroup Reference Pilot

15.2.1 Considerations analogues to those outlined above lead to the

recommending of identical values but now applying to channels 1 and 2 of
the terminal equipment (instead of channels 6 and 7 respectively).
However, the total attenuation required may be obtained at the discretion of
the users concerned, either in the channel terminal or in the group-
translating equipment (using blocking filters either at 104.140 kHz or
104.080 kHz in group 3 of the group translating equipment or at 411.860
kHz or 411.920 kHz), or as a combination of the two equipment. The
precautions to be taken against such interference in the channel equipment
have therefore to be determined in relation to the precautions taken in the
group equipment (see CCITTG.233). The total attenuation required is
indicated in Table 5 given below;

TABLE-5
Disturbing Interference Minimum Loss
Pilot Frequency Channel Frequency in the Relative to 800 Hz Loss
Frequency in Group No. Channel with Respect Equipment
(kHz) 3 (kHz) to the Carrier Send Receive
(Hz) (dB) (dB)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
411.920 104.080 1 3920 20 40
2 -80 20 20
84.140 104.140 1 3860 20 35
2 -140 30 20

15.3 Mutual Interference Between Pilots and Outband Signaling

15.3.1 In the specification of equipment intended for use with outband signaling,
account should be taken of the mutual disturbance between signaling and
pilots, and calculation made for each case of the protection necessary as a
function of the parameters of the signaling system, according to the
following principles given below.

a) Protection of Pilots: When the signaling current is interrupted at the

different speeds determined by the signaling code, the level of the
signaling interference resulting in a band of 25 Hz on either side of
the pilot frequency should remain at least 20 dB below the level of the
pilot. If the transmission of the signaling current is of very short
duration compared with the time constant of the regulator, a higher
level of interference could be tolerated. Precautions should
nevertheless be taken to protect the pilot against continuous
transmission of signals under fault conditions.

b) Protection of Signaling: It is necessary to ensure that signaling

requirements in respect of such factors as signaling distortion, etc.,
are met for all outband signaling channels, even when adjacent to a
reference pilot frequency.
TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 11 OF 14
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

NOTE: When an outband signaling system is used, consideration

should also be given to the mutual interference of both
speech and signaling. In general, the attenuation required
from this aspect is in itself sufficient to afford protection for
pilots.

16.0 INTERRUPTION CONTROL

If it is deemed desirable, e.g., for automatic identification and removal from service of the
circuits in faulty groups, a pilot receiver for interruption control purposes can be provided
together with the channel translating equipment.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 12 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

Figure - 1a

Figure - 1b

Figure - 1c

Figure - 1: Permissible Limits for the Variation with Frequency of the Overall Loss of a
Pair of Trasmitting and Receiving PLC Terminals without Compandor for
Different Examples of Speech Bands.

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 13 OF 14

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-T-111.08, Rev. 0

Figure - 2: Permissible Limits for the Variation with Frequency of the Overall Loss of
Trasmitting and Receiving Equipments of One 12-Channel Terminal
Equipment..

TEST11108R0/AAG Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 14 OF 14