Scribd
Upload
39 views4 pages

Bending Test: Theory

The document describes a bending test experiment conducted to determine the mechanical properties of mild steel rods. A universal testing machine was used to apply increasing equal loads at 1/3 points along steel rod samples with a span of 690mm. Deflections were measured using dial indicators to determine the yield stress and moment of inertia. The results would provide insight into the elastic modulus and bending strength of the mild steel. Measurements of the rod diameters were taken before and after testing to analyze any permanent deformation from exceeding the material's elastic limit.

Uploaded by

Sidhant Kumar Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views4 pages

Bending Test: Theory

The document describes a bending test experiment conducted to determine the mechanical properties of mild steel rods. A universal testing machine was used to apply increasing equal loads at 1/3 points along steel rod samples with a span of 690mm. Deflections were measured using dial indicators to determine the yield stress and moment of inertia. The results would provide insight into the elastic modulus and bending strength of the mild steel. Measurements of the rod diameters were taken before and after testing to analyze any permanent deformation from exceeding the material's elastic limit.

Uploaded by

Sidhant Kumar Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Bending Test

OBJECTIVE:-
To study the behaviour of mild steel rod subjected to gradual increasing equal loads
at 1/3rd span and to determine its mechanical properties .

Apparatus used:- Universal Testing Machine, Dial Indicator, Scale & Vernier
Calipers

Theory:-Bending strength is defined as a material's ability to resist deformation


under load, it represents the highest stress experienced within the material at its
moment of rupture. There are two types of bending tests. Three point bending
test and four point bending test. In a three point bending test the area of uniform
stress is quite small and concentrated under the centre loading point. In a four
point bending test, the area of uniform stress exists between the inner span
loading points (typically half the outer span length).

When a specimen is bent, it experiences a range of stresses across its


depth. At the edge of the concave face the stress will be at its maximum
compressive value. At the convex face of the specimen the stress will be at its
maximum tensile value. Most materials fail under tensile stress before they fail
under compressive stress, so the maximum tensile stress value that can be
sustained before the specimen fails is its flexural strength. The flexural strength
would be the same as the tensile strength if the material were homogeneous.
Therefore the flexural properties of a specimen are the result of the combined
effect of all three stresses as well as (though to a lesser extent) the geometry of
the specimen and the rate the load applied. Bend testing provides insight into the
modulus of elasticity and the bending strength of a material.
From bending equation,

M/I = 𝜎/Y= f/R

Two point loads ‘P/2’ are applied at a distance of 1/3 L from the ends.

The moment due to two point loads P/2 at 1/3rd span is M= WL/6 and moment
of inertia about the neutral axis is I= 𝜋𝑑 4 /64

Then the yield stress is

Then to determine the deflection at the centre of the span,


Deflection with respect to A is = moment of M/EI diagram between AE about A

Then the deflection at B above E is =moment of M/EI diagram between BE about B


The deflection of B below A=

Then the deflection under point load P/2 at B is

Procedure:-
1. Measure the initial Diameter of the bending test sample in two perpendicular
directions using vernier caliper, calculate the initial area and moment of inertia.
2. Measure the length of the specimen using scale keeping the span of the beam as
L= 690mm based on the limitation of the experimental setup.
3. Based on the span of the beam being L= 690mm mark on the test sample mild
steel rod by using a chalk at the mid span and one third loading points where a
dial gauge is placed.
4. Insert the specimen between the special 2- point loading setup with roller
supports which is being fixed on the lower crosshead of the universal testing
machine. Adjust all the dial gauges to zero.
5. Start the loading process, note down the deflection using dial gauges under mid-
span, one third span. Stop the experiment once the specimen has been yielded.
6. Once the yield limit is crossed, the specimen mild steel rod will have permanent
bend or deformation as it has crossed the elastic limit.

 Diameter of the Specimen D (mm) = 24.3


 Span of the beam , L (mm) = 690
Observation:-

Diameter of the specimen,D ( mm) 24.3


Span of the Beam, L(mm) 690
Slope of load deflection plot ( N/mm) 617.05
Moment of Inertia about the neutral axis, I
(mm4)
Stress at yield point (MPa)

Result:-

You might also like