JLPT SENSEI - N4 Grammar List

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#  ぶんぽう  Grammar  Meaning 

1  間 aida while; during; between

2  間に aida ni while/during~ something happened

3  あまり～ない amari~nai not very, not much

4  後で ato de after ~; later

5  ば ba conditional form; If [A] then [B]

6  場合は baai wa in the event of; in the case that

7  ばかり bakari only; nothing but

8  だけで dake de just by; just by doing

9  出す dasu to suddenly begin; to suddenly appear

10  でございます de gozaimasu to be (honorific)

11  でも demo ... or something

12  ではないか dewa nai ka right?; isn't it?

13  が必要 ga hitsuyou need; necessary

14  がする ga suru to smell; hear; taste

15  がり gari personality; tend to~; sensitivity towards~

16  がる・がっている garu; gatteiru to show signs of; to appear; to feel, to think

17  ございます gozaimasu to be, to exist (the polite form of いる/ある)

18  始める hajimeru to start; to begin to ~

19  はずだ hazu da it must be; it should be (expectation)

20  はずがない hazu ga nai cannot be (impossible)

21  必要がある hitsuyou ga aru need to; it is necessary to

22  意向形 ikou kei volitional form​; let's do ~

23  いらっしゃる irassharu to be; to come; to go (polite version)

24  いたします itashimasu to do (polite form of する)

25  じゃないか janai ka right? isn't it? let's~; confirmation

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26  かどうか ka dou ka whether or not

27  かしら ka shira I wonder

28  かい kai turns a sentence into a yes/no question

29  かもしれない kamo shirenai might; perhaps; indicates possibility

30  かな kana I wonder; should I?

31  から作る kara tsukuru made from; made with

32  きっと kitto surely; undoubtedly; almost certainly; likely

33  頃 koro / goro around; about; when

34  こと koto Verb nominalizer

35  ことがある koto ga aru there are times when

36  ことができる koto ga dekiru can; able to

37  ことになる koto ni naru It has been decided that..; it turns out that..

38  ことにする koto ni suru to decide on

39  くする ku suru to make something ~

40  急に kyuu ni suddenly

41  までに made ni by; by the time; indicates time limit

42  まま mama as it is; current state; without changing

43  または matawa both; or; otherwise​; choice between [A] or [B]

44  みたいだ mitai da like, similar to, resembling

45  みたいな mitai na like, similar to

46  みたいに mitai ni like, similar to

47  も mo as many as; as much as; up to; nearly

48  な na don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something)

49  など nado such as, things like

50  ながら nagara while; during; as; simultaneously

51  なかなか～ない nakanaka~nai not easy to; struggling to; not able to~

52  なければいけない nakereba ikenai must do something; have to do something

53  なければならない nakereba naranai must do something; have to do something

54  なら nara if; in the case that ~

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55  なさい nasai do this (soft/firm command)

56  なさる nasaru to do (honorific)

57  に気がつく ni ki ga tsuku to notice; to realize

58  にみえる ni mieru to look; to seem; to appear

59  にする ni suru to make something ~

60  にくい nikui difficult to do

61  の中で no naka de in, among

62  のに noni although, in spite of, even though

63  のに noni to (do something); in order to

64  のは〜だ nowa~da [A] is [B]; the reason for [A] is [B]

65  お～ください o~kudasai please do (honorific)

66  お～になる o~ni naru to do (honorific)

67  おきに oki ni repeated at intervals, every

68  終わる owaru to finish; to end

69  られる rareru potential form; ability/inability to do ~

70  らしい rashii it seems like; I heard; apparently~

71  さ sa -ness​ ; nominalizer for adjective

72  さっき sakki some time ago; just now

73  させられる saserareru causative-passive; to be made to do something

74  させる saseru causative form; to make/let somebody do ~

75  させてください sasete kudasai please let me do

76  さすが sasuga as one would expect; as is to be expected; even

77  し shi and; and what’s more; emphasis

78  そんなに sonna ni so much; so; like that

79  それでも sore demo but still; and yet; even so

80  そうだ sou da [1] I heard that; it is said that

81  そうだ sou da [2] looks like; appears like

82  そうに・そうな sou ni / sou na seems like; looks like

83  たばかり ta bakari just finished; something just occurred

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84  たところ ta tokoro just finished doing, was just doing

85  他動詞 & 自動詞 tadoushi & jidoushi Transitive & Intransitive Verbs

86  たがる tagaru wants to do~ (third person)

87  たら tara if, after, when

88  たらどう tara dou why don't you

89  たらいいですか tara ii desu ka what should I do?; speaker seeking instruction

90  て/で te / de conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B]...

91  てあげる te ageru to do for; to do a favor

92  てほしい te hoshii I want you to; need you to~

93  ていく te iku to start; to continue; to go on

94  ていた te ita was doing something (past continuous)

95  ていただけませんか te itadakemasen ka could you please

96  てくれる te kureru to do a favor; do something for someone

97  てくる te kuru to do… and come back; to continue

98  てみる te miru try doing

99  てもらう te morau to get somebody to do something

100  ておく te oku to do something in advance

101  てしまう / ちゃう te shimau / chau to do something by accident, to finish

102  てすみません te sumimasen I’m sorry for

103  てやる te yaru to do for; to do a favor (casual)

104  てよかった te yokatta I’m glad that..

105  ているところ teiru tokoro in the process of doing

106  ても temo even; even if; even though

107  と to whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens

108  と言ってもいい to ittemo ii you could say; one might say; I'd say

109  という to iu called; named; that

110  ということ to iu koto convert phrase into noun

111  と言われている to iwarete iru it is said that...

112  と聞いた to kiita I heard...

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113  と思う to omou to think…; I think…; you think…

114  とか～とか toka~toka among other things; such as; like

115  ところ tokoro just about to; on the verge of doing something

116  続ける tsuzukeru continue to; keen on

117  って tte named; called

118  受身形 ukemi kei passive form; passive voice

119  は〜が… は wa~ga... wa [A] but [B]; however; comparison

120  やすい yasui easy to; likely to; prone to; have a tendency to

121  やっと yatto at last; finally; barely; narrowly

122  より yori than; rather than; more than

123  予定だ yotei da plan to, intend to

124  ようだ you da appears; seems; looks as if

125  ように / ような you ni / you na like; as; similar to

126  ようになる you ni naru to reach the point that; to turn into

127  ようにする you ni suru to try to; to make sure that

128  ようと思う you to omou thinking of doing; planning to

129  ぜひ zehi by all means; certainly; definitely

130  全然～ない zenzen~nai (not) at all

131  づらい zurai difficult to do

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