United Kingdom Overseas Territories Aviation Circular

OTAC 119-10
121-9
125-9
135-9

Operations Manual
Issue 3.00
19 May 2021

Effective: on issue

GENERAL

Overseas Territories Aviation Circulars are issued to provide advice, guidance and information
on standards, practices and procedures necessary to support Overseas Territory Aviation
Requirements. They are not in themselves law but may amplify a provision of the Air
Navigation (Overseas Territories) Order or provide practical guidance on meeting a
requirement contained in the Overseas Territories Aviation Requirements.

PURPOSE

This Circular provides guidance on the purpose, structure and content of the Operations
Manual required by OTAR Part 119 for AOC holders operating under OTAR Parts 121 or 135.
It may also be of assistance to non-Commercial Air Transport operators, including those
subject to OTAR Part 125. (The paragraph numbering for Part 125 aligns with that for Parts
121 and 135.)

RELATED REQUIREMENTS

This Circular relates to OTAR Part 119, 121, 125 and 135.

CHANGE INFORMATION

Third issue. Change to guidance in Appendix A, Part A, 1.1 and 8.2, with regards to Ground
Handling aspects to be covered within operations manuals, to bring into line with amendments
to OTAR Parts 121 and 135 in Issue 12. 12.1(h) amended to include acceptance of ATC
clearances.

ENQUIRIES

Enquiries regarding the content of this Circular should be addressed to Air Safety Support
International or to the appropriate Overseas Territory Aviation Authority.

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CONTENTS

1 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OPERATOR IN RELATION TO THE OPERATIONS MANUAL 3

2 OPERATIONS MANUAL STRUCTURE .................................................................................. 3
3 OPERATIONS MANUAL CONTENTS ..................................................................................... 4
APPENDIX A OTAR REFERENCES AND GUIDANCE ................................................................. 5

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1 Responsibility of the Operator in relation to the Operations

Manual
1.1 The operator has responsibility for the safe conduct of operations and for
compliance with the Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) Order and the
Governor's requirements (the OTARs). These laws and requirements are not in
themselves sufficient to provide the operator with comprehensive and detailed
instructions on which to base an operation. The responsibility for the development
of operating instructions necessary for the safety of an operation belongs to the
operator. These operating instructions must not conflict with the AN(OT)O, the
OTARs or the laws and regulations of other States into or over which operations
are conducted. The primary means used by an operator to promulgate these
operating instructions is the operations manual.

1.2 The operations manual and subsequent revisions have to be submitted to the
OTAA. The OTAA will require revision of the manual as necessary to achieve
compliance with the AN(OT)O and the OTARs.

1.3 The operations manual, which may consist of one or more volumes, should provide
in a clear and concise manner the necessary policy guidance, procedures and
operating instructions to the operator's personnel on how operations are to be
conducted.

2 Operations Manual Structure

2.1 OTAR Parts 121.1250 and 135.1250 prescribe the main parts of the operations
manual as follows:

Part A – General;

Part B – Aircraft Operating Matters – Type related;

Part C – Route and Aerodrome Instructions and Information;

Part D – Training.

2.2 OTAR Parts 121.1250 and 135.1250 require the operator to ensure that the
operations manual is designed to observe human factor principles and provides all
material specified in OTAR Part 119.71 and that listed at Appendix 1 to 121.1250
and 135.1250.

2.3 Appendix 1 to 121.1250 and 135.1250 provides a comprehensively detailed and

structured list of all items to be covered in the operations manual. It is believed that
a high degree of standardisation of operations manuals within the UK Overseas
Territories will lead to improved overall flight safety.

2.4 To facilitate comparability and usability of operations manuals by new personnel,

formerly employed by another operator, operators are recommended not to deviate
from the numbering system used. If there are sections which, because of the
nature of the operation, do not apply, it is recommended that operators maintain
the numbering system described below and insert ‘Not applicable’ or ‘Intentionally
blank’ where appropriate.

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3 Operations Manual contents

3.1 This OTAC provides additional detail regarding the operational policies,
instructions, procedures and other information to be contained in the operations
manual in order that operations personnel can satisfactorily perform their duties.
When compiling an operations manual an operator may take advantage of the
contents of other relevant documents. Material produced by the operator for Part B
of the operations manual may be supplemented with or substituted by applicable
parts of the aircraft flight manual or, where such a document exists, by an aircraft
operating manual produced by the manufacturer of the aircraft. In the case of
performance class B aeroplanes, it is acceptable that a “pilot operating handbook”
(POH) or equivalent document is used as Part B of the operations manual,
provided that the POH covers the necessary items. For Part C of the operations
manual, material produced by the operator may be supplemented with or
substituted by applicable route guide material produced by a specialised
professional company.

3.2 If an operator chooses to use material from another source in his operations
manual he should either copy the applicable material and include it directly in the
relevant part of the operations manual, or the operations manual should contain a
statement to the effect that a specific manual(s) (or parts thereof) may be used
instead of the specified part(s) of the operations manual.

3.3 If an operator chooses to make use of material from an alternative source (e.g. a
Route Manual producer, an aeroplane manufacturer or a training organisation) as
explained above, this does not absolve the operator from the responsibility of
verifying the applicability and suitability of this material. Any material received form
an external source should be given its status by a statement in the operations
manual.

3.4 Page headers and footers should reflect the company name, manual amendment
status and page effective date.

3.5 References in the middle column of the table in Appendix A below indicate the
source requirements but these are not necessarily exhaustive. Operators will need
to check the current published version of the OTAR to ensure compliance. The
paragraph suffix numbers for Part 125 follow the same numbering system as for
Parts 121 and 135.

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Appendix A OTAR references and guidance

Part A GENERAL/BASIC OTAR Comments
references

Here is the link to

0 ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL OF the:
OPERATIONS MANUAL OTARs

0.1 Introduction
119.67 (a) A statement that the manual complies
with all applicable regulations and with the
121.1250(a) terms and conditions of the applicable air
operator’s certificate.
135.1250(a) (b) A statement that the manual contains
operational instructions that are to be complied
with by the relevant personnel.
(c) A list and brief description of the
various parts, their contents, applicability and
use.
(d) Explanations and definitions of terms
and words needed for the use of the manual.
0.2 System of amendment and
revision 119.71 (a) Details of the person(s) responsible
for the issuance and insertion of amendments
121.1250(a) and revisions.
(b) A record of amendments and
135.1250(a) revisions with insertion dates and effective
dates.
(c) A statement that handwritten
amendments and revisions are not permitted
except in situations requiring immediate
amendment or revision in the interest of safety.
(d) A description of the system for the
annotation of pages and their effective dates.
(e) A list of effective pages.
(f) Annotation of changes (on text pages
and, as far as practicable, on charts and
diagrams).
(g) Temporary revisions.
(h) A description of the system for staff to
propose amendments
(i) A description of the distribution
system for the manuals, amendments and
revisions.

1 ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1.1 Organisational structure

119.71 A description of the organisational structure
121.1250(a) including the general company organigram and
135.1250(a) operations department organigram. The
organigram must depict the relationship
between the Operations Department and the
other Departments of the company. In
particular, the subordination and reporting lines
of all Divisions, Departments etc, which pertain
to the safety of flight operations, must be
shown. A description of the structure and
related responsibilities and authorities for
ground handling functions is also to be
included.

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1.2 Names of nominated postholders

119.71 The name of each nominated postholder
responsible for flight operations, the
maintenance system, crew training and ground
operations, as prescribed in Part 119. A
description of their function and
responsibilities, including their responsibilities
for SMS (see Part A Section 3).
1.3 Responsibilities and duties of
operations management personnel 119.71 A description of the duties, responsibilities and
authority of operations management personnel
119.51 pertaining to the safety of flight operations,
including their responsibilities for SMS (see
Part A Section 3), and the compliance with the
applicable regulations.
1.4 Authority, duties and 91.120 A statement defining the authority, duties and
responsibilities of the pilot-in-command 91.345 responsibilities of the pilot-in-command.
91.350
1.5. Duties and responsibilities of crew AN(OT)O Article 180 in the AN(OT)O 2013
members other than the pilot-in-command Article 180
1.6 Duties and responsibilities associated with
ground handling functions, including ramp
operations and passenger services

The company will appoint a manager(s) to

2 OPERATIONAL CONTROL AND control the numbers of personnel required to
SUPERVISION operate the numbers and types of aircraft
119.53
involved. For a small operation, one manager
may be capable of supervising the conduct of
more than one department; this will have been
made clear in Section 1, above.

2.1 Supervision of the operation by the

operator 119.53 A description of the system for supervision of
the operation by the operator. This must show
OTAR 61 how the safety of flight operations and the
qualifications of personnel are supervised. In
121/135 particular, the procedures related to the
Subpart H following items must be described:
(a) Licence and qualification validity;
121/135
Subpart I (b) Competence of operations personnel;
and
91.1265 (c) Control, analysis and storage of
records, flight documents, additional
information and data.
2.2 Supplementary flight safety A description of any system for promulgating
documents 119.65 information which may be of an operational
nature but is supplementary to that in the
operations manual. The applicability of this
information and the responsibilities for its
promulgation must be included.
A system should be established to ensure
confirmation of receipt of flying staff
instructions/administrative notices and flight
briefs.
2.3 Operational control A description of the procedures and
121.155 responsibilities necessary to exercise
operational control with respect to flight safety.
135.155
This paragraph should contain a description of
the procedures and responsibilities necessary
to exercise operational control with respect to
safe operations including flight following.

All employees must be made aware that,

where more restrictive, they must comply with
the laws, regulation and procedures of those
states in which operations are conducted and
which are pertinent to execution of their duties.

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2.4 Use of Standard Operating 121.170 In addition, the provision and use of checklists
Procedures (SOP) 121.175 is covered in 91.285, 121.285 and 135.285.

135.170
135.175
2.5 Powers of the Governor A description of the powers of the Governor
91.25 (i.e. his designated regulator) and guidance to
staff on how to facilitate inspections by
91.30 designated personnel.

(a) A description of the safety

3 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS management system (SMS) appropriate to the
119.59 size and complexity of the operation, for the
proactive management of safety, that
(a) SMS integrates the management of operations and
119.61 technical systems with financial and human
resource management, and that reflects quality
(b) Quality assurance programme assurance principles according to the
requirements in OTAR Part 119.59. This
119.67
includes ensuring that the procedures and
requirements as contained in the operations
manual are adhered to by all operating staff.

See OTAC 119-12 Quality Management

Systems and OTAC 119-3 Safety
Management Systems

It is for the operator to decide whether the

policies and procedures relating to the SMS
will be expressed as a component of existing
manuals (e.g. this operations manual, the
maintenance control manual etc.) or contained
in a separate SMS manual. In any case,
detailed local procedures in other documents
can be cross-referenced.

(b) Information regarding the quality

assurance programme in accordance with
OTAR Part 119.67. A description of the
internal audit process and audit schedule (i.e.
compliance with the requirements of the
operator’s quality system, if applicable),
including documentation of audit findings,
corrective actions, follow-up procedures, and
audit reports.

Provision of assurance that any flight data

analysis programme is non-punitive and a
description of the safeguards to protect the
source of the data.
4 CREW COMPOSITION

4.1 Crew Composition

121.905 An explanation of the method for determining
crew compositions taking account of the
135.905 following:
(a) The type and variant of aircraft being used;
(b) The area and type of operation being
undertaken;
(c) The phase of the flight;
(d) The minimum crew requirement and
flight duty period planned;
(e) Experience (total and on type),
recency and qualification of the crew
members; and

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(f) The designation of the pilot-in-

command and, if necessitated by the duration
of the flight, the procedures for the relief of the
pilot-in-command or other members of the
flight crew.
(g) The designation of the senior cabin
crew member and, if necessitated by the
duration of the flight, the procedures for the
relief of the senior cabin crew member and any
other member of the cabin crew. The
nomination procedure adopted by the operator
must be detailed here, together with
procedures for selection of the next most
suitably qualified cabin crew member in the
event of incapacitation of the nominated
SCCM.
4.2 Designation of the pilot-in- 121.920(a) The rules applicable to the designation of the
command 135.920(a) pilot-in-command.
4.3. Flight crew incapacitation Instructions on the succession of command in
121.920(c) the event of flight crew incapacitation.
135.920(c)
4.4 Operation on more than one type
or variant 121.1140 A statement indicating which aircraft are
considered as one type for the purpose of:
135.1140 (a) Flight crew scheduling; and
(b) Cabin crew scheduling.
Here and in Part D must be detailed the
conditions for operating on more than one type
or variant, that satisfy the relevant OTARs and
appendices that are specific to the company
and have been approved by the Governor.

5 QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Description of licence, experience, A description of the required licence, rating(s),

qualification/competency, training, checking 121.905 qualification/competency (e.g. for routes and
requirements etc. aerodromes), experience, training, checking
135.905 and recency for operations personnel to
conduct their duties. Consideration must be
given to the aircraft type and variant, kind of
operation and composition of the crew. Detail
must also be included regarding the usage of
part-time or freelance flight crew members.
5.2 Flight crew
121/135 (a) Pilot-in-command
Subpart H (b) Pilot relieving the pilot-in-command
(c) Co-pilot
(d) Pilot under supervision
(e) System panel operator
(f) Operation on more than one type or
variant.

In addition to the criteria listed above the

minimum level of operating experience that
corresponds to the company’s scale and scope
of operations must be quoted.
5.3 Cabin crew
121/135 (a) Senior cabin crew member
Subpart H (b) Cabin crew member
(i) Required cabin crew member
(ii) Additional cabin crew member and
cabin crew member during familiarisation
flights.

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(c) Operation on more than one type or

variant.
Detail must also be included regarding the
usage of part-time or freelance cabin crew
members
5.4 Training, checking and supervisory 121.570
personnel 121.1145 (a) For flight crew.
(b) For cabin crew.
135.570
135.1145
5.5 Other operations personnel A description of the required qualifications and
experience plus any training and/or checking
requirements.

6 CREW HEALTH PRECAUTIONS

6.1 Crew health precautions

61.33 The relevant regulations and guidance to crew
members concerning health including
61.35 psychoactive substances including but not
limited to:
91.120 (a) Alcohol and other intoxicating liquor
(b) Narcotics
(c) Drugs
(d) Sleeping tablets
(e) Pharmaceutical preparations
(f) Immunisation
(g) Diving, involving underwater pressure
breathing devices
(h) Blood/bone marrow donation
(i) Meal precautions prior to and during
flight
(j) Sleep and rest
(k) Surgical operations
(l) Incapacity due to injury or illness
(m) Pregnancy
In cases of incapacity due to personal injury,
illness of 21 days or more, or pregnancy, flight
crew members shall make a written report to
the Governor

7 FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS

7.1 Flight and duty time limitations and 121/135 A description of the scheme developed by the
rest requirements for crew members Subpart K operator in accordance with OTAC 135-
10/121-10.
7.2 Exceedances of flight and duty Conditions under which flight and duty time
time limitations and/or reduction of rest periods 121.1210(c) may be exceeded or rest periods may be
135.1210(c) reduced and the procedures used to report
these modifications.
7.3 Management of fatigue in other 121.1200(a)
operational staff 135.1200(a)

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8 OPERATING PROCEDURES

8.1 Flight preparation instructions 91.190 A description of the flight preparation

121.190 instructions as applicable to the operation.
135.190

8.1.1 Minimum flight altitudes

121.420 A description of the method of determination
and application of minimum altitudes including:
135.420 (a) A procedure to establish the minimum
altitudes/flight levels for VFR flights; and
(b) A procedure to establish the minimum
altitudes/flight levels for IFR flights.
8.1.2 Criteria for determining the Criteria and responsibilities for the
usability of Aerodromes 91.225 authorisation of the use of aerodromes taking
into account:
121.225
(a) Ancillary services
135.225
(b) Operations under IFR
Alternates:
121.255 to (c) Operations under VFR
121.270
(d) Aerodrome categorization
135.255 to
135.270 (e) Selection of alternates
8.1.3 Methods for determination of (a) The method for establishing
Aerodrome Operating Minima 91.240 aerodrome operating minima for IFR flights.
Reference must be made to procedures for the
121.240 determination of the visibility and/or runway
visual range and for the applicability of the
135.240 actual visibility observed by the pilots, the
reported visibility and the reported runway
visual range.

The increase of aerodrome operating minima

in case of degradation of approach or
aerodrome facilities, or to allow for instrument
approach procedures that do not comply with
ICAO PANS-OPS.

(b) The margin of time established for

planning the estimated time of use of an
aerodrome.

(c) Instructions for determining

aerodrome operating minima for instrument
approaches using head-up displays (HUD) and
enhanced vision systems (EVS).
8.1.4 En-route operating minima for VFR En-route operating minima for VFR Flights or
flights or VFR portions of a flight 91.400 VFR portions of a flight and, where single-
engined aeroplanes are used, instructions for
121.400 route selection with respect to the availability
of surfaces which permit a safe forced landing.
135.400
8.1.5 Presentation and application of 91.240 See also Part C of this manual.
aerodrome and en-route operating minima
8.1.6 Interpretation of meteorological ICAO Annex 3 Explanatory material on the decoding of MET
information and any forecasts and MET reports relevant to the area
differences of operations, including the interpretation of
notified by States conditional expressions.
8.1.7 Instructions for determination of The methods by which the quantities of fuel, oil
the quantities of fuel, oil and water methanol to 121.280 and water methanol to be carried are
be carried and the records to be maintained determined and monitored in flight.
135.280
This section must also include instructions on
the measurement and distribution of the fluid
carried on board. Such instructions must take
account of all circumstances likely to be

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encountered on the flight, including the

possibility of in-flight replanning and of failure
of one or more of the engines or systems.

The system for maintaining fuel and oil records

must also be described.
8.1.8 Mass and centre of gravity
The general principles of mass and centre of
121/135
gravity including:
Subpart D (a) Definitions;
(b) Methods, procedures and
responsibilities for preparation and acceptance
of mass and centre of gravity calculations;
(c) The policy for using standard and/or
actual mass;
(d) The method for determining the
applicable passenger, baggage and cargo
mass;
(e) The applicable passenger and
baggage mass for various types of operations
and aircraft type;
(f) General instruction and information
necessary for verification of the various types
of mass and balance documentation in use;
(g) Last minute changes (LMC)
procedures;
(h) Specific gravity of fuel, oil and water
methanol;
(i) Seating policy/procedures; and
(i) Standard load plans.
8.1.9 ATS flight plan 121.160 Procedures and responsibilities for the
121.200 preparation and submission of the air traffic
services flight plan. Factors to be considered
135.160 include the means of submission for both
135.200 individual and repetitive flight plans.
8.1.10 Operational flight plan 121.160 Procedures and responsibilities for the
121.165 preparation and acceptance of the operational
121.195 flight plan. The use of the operational flight
plan must be described including samples of
135.160 the operational flight plan formats in use.
135.165
135.195
8.1.11 Operator’s aircraft technical log The responsibilities and the use of the
39.79 operator’s aircraft technical log must be
described, including samples of the format
91.345 used. The technical log system can be either a
paper or computer system or any combination
of both methods.

In addition specific instructions for completion

must be detailed either in this section or in the
technical log itself. These instructions must
also specify the personnel authorised to enter,
defer and clear deferred defects.
8.1.12 List of documents, forms and 121.50
additional information to be carried 121.55

135.50
135.55

8.2 Ground handling Procedures 119.59 Including: subcontracting policies, aircraft

119.71 handling processes, procedures and practices
121.1250(a) for all ground handling operations. The SMS
135.1250(a) must cover all aspects of ground handling.

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8.2.1 Fuelling/de-fuelling and associated

safety procedures 121.335 A description of fuelling procedures, including:

135.335 (a) Safety precautions during refuelling

and de-fuelling including rotors running,
engine(s) running and when an APU is in
operation;
(b) Refuelling and de-fuelling when
passengers are embarking, on board or
disembarking; and
(c) Precautions to be taken to avoid
mixing fuels.
8.2.2 Aircraft, passengers and cargo
handling procedures related to safety 119.59 A description of the handling procedures to be
used when allocating seats, and embarking
91.95 and disembarking passengers, and when
121.95 loading and unloading the aircraft. Further
135.95 procedures, aimed at achieving safety whilst
the aircraft is on the ramp, must also be given.
121.125 Handling procedures must include:
135.125 (a) Children/infants, sick passengers and
persons with reduced mobility;
Dangerous
goods: (b) Transportation of inadmissible
92.11 passengers, deportees or persons in custody;
(c) Permissible size and mass of hand
baggage;
(d) Loading and securing of items in the
aircraft;
(e) Special loads (including dangerous
goods) and classification of load
compartments;
(f) Positioning of ground equipment;
(g) Operation of aircraft doors;
(h) Safety on the ramp, including fire
prevention, blast and suction areas;
(i) Start-up, ramp departure and arrival
procedures including push-back and towing
operations;
(j) Servicing of aircraft;
(k) Documents and forms for aircraft
handling; and
(l) Multiple occupancy of aircraft seats.

If the Company holds a permission for the

carriage of dangerous goods, additional
instructions must be included in Part B, and
further general information is contained in
Section 9.
8.2.3 Procedures for the refusal of Procedures to ensure that persons who appear
embarkation 121.125(a)(2) to be intoxicated or who demonstrate by
manner or physical indications that they are
135.125(a)(2) under the influence of drugs, are refused
embarkation. This does not apply to medical
patients under proper care.
8.2.4 De-icing and anti-icing on the
ground 91.210 A description of the de-icing and anti-icing
policy and procedures for aircraft on the
121.210 ground. These shall include descriptions of the
types and effects of icing and other
135.210 contaminants on aircraft whilst stationary,
during ground movements and during take-off.
In addition, a description of the fluid types used
must be given including:

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(a) Proprietary or commercial names;

(b) Characteristics;
(c) Effects on aircraft performance;
(d) Hold-over times; and
(e) Precautions during usage; and
(f) Recording details in the technical log.

8.3 Flight procedures

8.3.1 VFR/IFR policy 91 App D Rules A description of the policy for allowing flights to
of the Air, be made under VFR, or of requiring flights to
Rule 20 be made under IFR, or of changing from one to
Rule 36 the other
8.3.2 Navigation procedures, including
procedures for RNP, RVSM and MNPS 121.170 A description of all navigation procedures
airspace where appropriate 121.205 relevant to the type(s) and area(s) of
operation. Consideration must be given to:
135.170 (a) Standard navigational procedures
135.205 including policy for carrying out independent
cross-checks of keyboard entries where
121/135 necessary;
Subpart SPA
(b) MNPS and POLAR navigation and
navigation in other designated areas;
(c) RNAV, including the use of GPS;
(d) In-flight replanning;
(e) Procedures in the event of system
degradation; and
(f) RVSM.
8.3.3 Altimeter setting procedures - A description of altimeter serviceability checks
and setting procedures including the use,
where appropriate, of

(a) metric altimetry and conversion tables, and

(b) QFE operating procedures.
Temperature error and corrections to be
applied.
8.3.4 Instructions on maintenance of A description of altitude alerting systems
altitude awareness and altitude alerting system (Equipment include both those devices which, when set,
procedures requirements give aural/visual warning of the approach to, or
121.665 deviation from the selected altitude/flight level,
135.665) and the more simple device which merely acts
as a reminder, via a digital indicator, of the
required altitude/flight level.
8.3.5 Instructions on avoidance of Procedures and instructions required for the
controlled flight into terrain; Ground Proximity 121.980 avoidance of controlled flight into terrain,
Warning System / Terrain Avoidance Warning including limitations on high rate of descent
System procedures 135.980 near the surface (the related training
requirements are covered in Part D paragraph
2.1).
8.3.6 Policy, instructions and procedures See OTAC 91-5 ‘ACAS Training for Pilots’,
for avoidance of collisions; Airborne Collision 91.295 including reduction in vertical rate before level-
Avoidance System procedures off.

8.3.7 Policy and procedures for in-flight 121.280

fuel management 135.280
8.3.8 Adverse and potentially hazardous Procedures for operating in, and/or avoiding,
atmospheric conditions 91 App D Rules adverse and potentially hazardous
of the Air, atmospheric conditions including:
Rule 4
(a) Thunderstorms;
(b) Icing conditions;
(c) Turbulence;

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(d) Windshear;
(e) Jetstream;
(f) Volcanic ash clouds;
(g) Heavy precipitation;
(h) Sand storms;
(i) Mountain waves; and
(j) Significant temperature inversions.
8.3.9 Wake turbulence A description of wake turbulence separation
UK AIC criteria, taking into account aircraft types, wind
P 092/2017 conditions and runway location.

8.3.10 Crew members at their stations The requirements for crew members to occupy
91.300 their assigned stations or seats during the
different phases of flight or whenever deemed
necessary in the interest of safety.

The procedures for controlled rest on the flight

deck.
8.3.11 Use of safety belts for crew and 121.130 The requirements for crew members and
passengers 135.130 passengers to use safety belts and/or
harnesses during the different phases of flight
91.355 or whenever deemed necessary in the interest
of safety.
8.3.12 Admission to flight compartment The conditions for the admission to the flight
121.135 deck of persons other than the flight crew,
including the policy regarding the admission of
135.135 Inspectors designated by the Governor.
8.3.13 Use of vacant crew seats 121.135 The conditions and procedures for the use of
135.135 vacant crew seats.
8.3.14 Incapacitation of crew members Procedures to be followed in the event of
121.920(c) incapacitation of crew members in flight.
Examples of the types of incapacitation and
135.920(c) the means for recognition.
8.3.15 Cabin safety requirements
121.125 Procedures covering:
121.335 (a) Cabin preparation for flight, in-flight
requirements and preparation for landing
135.125 including procedures for securing the cabin
135.335 and galleys;
(b) Procedures to ensure that
passengers are seated where, in the event that
an emergency evacuation is required, they
may best assist and not hinder evacuation
from the aircraft;
(c) Procedures to be followed during
passenger embarkation and disembarkation;
and
(d) Procedures when refuelling/defuelling
with passengers embarking, on board or
disembarking.
(e) Smoking on board.
(f) Procedures for the evaluation of,
and dealing with, travellers suspected of
having a communicable disease, based on the
presence of a fever and certain other
signs/symptoms.

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The contents, means and timing of passenger

8.3.16 Passenger briefing procedures 121.125 briefing including:
121.130
(a) Pre-board briefing concerning dangerous
135.125 goods
135.130 (b) Pre-take-off briefing and demonstration
(c) In flight
(d) Before landing
(e) After landing
(f) In the event of an emergency
8.3.17 Procedures for aeroplanes Procedures for the use of cosmic or solar
operated whenever required cosmic or solar 121.315 radiation detection equipment and for
radiation detection equipment is carried 135.315 recording its readings, including actions to be
taken in the event that limit values specified in
the operations manual are exceeded. In
addition, the procedures, including ATS
procedures, to be followed in the event that a
decision to descend or re-route is taken.
8.3.18 Policy on the use of autopilot and - In particular their use in IMC.
autothrottle including use in IMC

8.4 All Weather Operations 121.240 (a) A description of the operational

121.255 procedures associated with All Weather
Subpart C Operations.

135.240 (b) Instructions for the use of head-up

135.255 displays (HUD) and enhanced vision systems
Subpart C (EVS) equipment as applicable.

8.5 EDTO 121.275 A description of the EDTO operational

135.275 procedures.

8.6 Use of the Minimum Equipment 121.610 Navigational equipment to be

and Configuration Deviation List(s) 135.610 carried/serviceable in order to permit specific
operations

8.7 Non-revenue flights (Article 195 in the AN(OT)O 2013)

AN(OT)O
Article 195 Procedures and limitations for the operation of
non-revenue flights, and guidance on the
OTAC 91-2 determination of what does or does not
‘Commercial Air constitute a non-revenue flight.
Transport & (a) Training flights;
Private (b) Test flights;
Operations’ (c) Delivery flights;
(d) Ferry flights;
(e) Demonstration flights; and
(f) Positioning flights, including the kind of
persons who may be carried on such flights.

For example:
Passenger Carrying Flights

(i) Except as stated in paragraph (ii) below,

flights on which passengers are carried and for
which no payment is made are deemed to be
commercial air transport and must be
conducted in accordance with all the
requirements of the operations manual.

(ii) Flights on which passengers are carried but

which are not classed as commercial air
transport flights (e.g. those carrying company
personnel only) should be conducted in
accordance with all the requirements of the
operations manual.

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Non-Passenger Flights, including flight crew

training flights

When no passengers are carried, as for

example during flight crew training, aeroplane
air tests, delivery and demonstration flights or
empty positioning flights, the normal
requirements of the operations manual must
be met, with the following exceptions:
(iii) a mass and balance document
need not be raised, nor any copy left on the
ground, provided that the pilot-in-command will
remain responsible for ensuring that the
aeroplane is, and will remain, within the
appropriate mass and balance limits
throughout the projected flight;
(iv) within the UK Overseas
Territories, the aerodromes of operation need
not be certificated, provided that the specified
performance requirements and aerodrome
operating minima continue to be met.

8.8 Oxygen requirements, including

the method of calculation if appropriate, the 91.310 An explanation of the conditions under which
manner of storage/carriage and the conditions 121.310 oxygen must be provided and used in both
under which oxygen is required to be used 135.310 pressurized and non-pressurised aircraft.
The oxygen requirements and method of
121.740 calculation specified for:
135.740
(a) Flight crew;
(b) Cabin crew; and
(c) Passengers

9 DANGEROUS GOODS AND WEAPONS

9.1 Information, instructions and

general guidance on the transport of OTAR 92 Information, instructions and general guidance
dangerous goods including labelling, marking on the transport of dangerous goods,
and packaging and the actions to be taken by including:
crew members in the event of a dangerous (a) Operator’s policy on the transport of
goods incident dangerous goods, including circumstances
when a dangerous goods approval is or is not
required;
(b) Guidance on the requirements for
acceptance, labelling, handling, stowage and
segregation of dangerous goods;
(c) Special notification requirements in
the event of an accident or occurrence when
dangerous goods are being carried;
(d) Procedures for responding to
emergency situations involving dangerous
goods;
(e) Duties of all personnel involved; and
(f) Instructions on the carriage of the
operator’s employees.
9.2 The conditions under which 91.105
weapons, munitions of war and sporting A description of the practical application of the
121.105 requirements.
weapons may be carried
121.110
91.105
135.105
135.110

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10 SECURITY
10.1 Security instructions and guidance
for all operational staff Security instructions and guidance of a non-
confidential nature which must include the
121.955 authority and responsibilities of operations
personnel.
135.955
Policies and procedures for handling and
reporting crime on board such as unlawful
interference, sabotage, bomb threats, and
121.330 hijacking, including procedures whereby
cabin crew members are able to notify flight
135.330 crew discreetly of any security situation
which may arise in the aircraft cabin.
10.2 Preventive security measures and
training, including search procedures and A description of preventive security measures
guidance on least-risk bomb locations where and training, including search procedures and
121.955 guidance on least-risk bomb locations where
practicable
practicable.
135.955 Procedures for use of aircraft search checklist:
For each aircraft a checklist of procedures to
be followed in searching that aeroplane for
concealed explosives, weapons or acts of
sabotage.
Checklists must incorporate guidance on the
necessary actions in the event of a suspicious
item being located.

Note: Parts of the security instructions and

guidance may be kept confidential

11 HANDLING OF ACCIDENTS AND

OCCURRENCES
11.1 Procedures for the handling,
notifying and reporting occurrences Procedures for the handling, notifying and
reporting occurrences should include other
91.120 safety concerns, for example unsafe condition
reports. This section must include:
91.140 (a) Definition of occurrences and of the
relevant responsibilities of all persons involved;
(b) Emergency Response Plan
91.350
(c) Subsequent actions in the event of an
accident: descriptions of which company
departments, Authorities and other
organisations have to be notified, how this will
be done and in what sequence;
(d) Procedures for verbal notification to
air traffic service units of incidents involving
ACAS RAs, bird hazards, dangerous goods
and meteorological or observed in-flight
conditions that may be hazardous to others;
(e) Procedures for submitting written
reports on air traffic incidents, ACAS RAs, bird
strikes, dangerous goods incidents or
accidents, and unlawful interference;
(f) Reporting procedures to ensure
compliance with OTAR Part 13. These
procedures must include internal safety related
reporting procedures to be followed by crew
members, designed to ensure that the pilot-in-
command is informed immediately of any
incident that has endangered, or may have
endangered, safety during flight and that he is
provided with all relevant information;

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(g) Illustrations of forms used for

reporting all types of occurrences (or copies of
the forms themselves), instructions on how
they are to be completed, the addresses to
which they should be sent and the time
allowed for this to be done.

12 RULES OF THE AIR

12.1 Details of the Rules of the Air that
apply to the operation and instructions to crew A description of the Rules of the Air including:
and other operational staff 91 App D Rules (a) Visual and instrument flight rules;
of the Air
(b) Territorial application of the Rules of
the Air;
(c) Communication procedures including
communication-failure procedures;
(d) Information and instructions relating
to the interception of civil aircraft;
(e) The circumstances in which a radio
listening watch is to be maintained;
(f) Signals;
(g) Time system used in operation;
(h) ATC clearances, instructions on the
clarification and acceptance of ATC clearances
(particularly where terrain clearance is
involved), adherence to flight plan and position
reports;
(i) Visual signals used to warn an
unauthorised aircraft flying in or about to enter
a restricted, prohibited or danger area;
(j) Procedures for pilots observing an
accident or receiving a distress transmission;
(k) The ground/air visual codes for use
by survivors, description and use of signal
aids; and
(l) Distress and urgency signals.

13 LEASING OTAC 119-6 A description of the operational arrangements

for leasing, associated procedures and
‘Leasing’ management responsibilities.

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Part B AIRCRAFT OPERATING Taking account of the differences between

MATTERS - TYPE RELATED types, and variants of types, under the
following headings:

0 GENERAL INFORMATION AND UNITS OF Aircraft flight General Information (e.g. aircraft dimensions),
MEASUREMENT manual including a description of the units of
measurement used for the operation of the
aircraft type concerned and relevant
OTAR 1, Subpart conversion tables.
C

1 CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONAL Aircraft flight A description of the certified limitations and the
LIMITATIONS manual applicable operational limitations including:
(a) Certification status (eg. ECAR-23,
121/135 ECAR-25, FAR 23; FAR 25; etc);
Subpart E
(b) Maximum Approved Passenger
Seating Configuration (MAPSC) for each
aircraft or type, including a pictorial
presentation;
(c) Types of operation that are approved
(e.g. VFR/IFR, CAT II/III, RNP Type, flights in
known icing conditions etc.);
(d) Crew composition;
(e) Mass and centre of gravity;
(f) Speed limitations;
(g) Flight envelope(s);
(h) Wind limits;
(i) Performance limitations for applicable
configurations;
(j) Runway slope;
(k) Limitations on wet or contaminated
runways;
(l) Airframe contamination; and
(m) System limitations.

2 NORMAL PROCEDURES ALL AIRCRAFT

CREW
2.1 Procedures for all flight phases,
including records to be maintained The normal procedures and duties assigned to
the crew, the appropriate checklists, the
121.170 system for use of the checklists and a
121.245 statement covering the necessary coordination
procedures between flight and cabin crew. The
121.285 following normal procedures and duties must
be included:
(a) Pre-flight;
135.170
(b) Pre-departure;
135.245
(c) Altimeter setting and checking;
135.285
(d) Taxy, take-off and climb;
(e) Noise abatement;
ICAO Doc.8168 (f) Cruise and descent;
PANS-OPS Vol I,
(g) Approach, landing preparation and
Section 4,
briefing;
Chapter 3
‘Stabilized (h) VFR approach, including stabilised
approach approach parameters;
procedure’
(i) Instrument approach, including
stabilised approach parameters;

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121.530 (j) Visual approach and circling;

(k) Missed approach;
135.530 (l) Normal landing;
(m) Post landing; and
(n) Operation on wet and contaminated
runways.

3 ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY

PROCEDURES FOR ALL AIRCRAFT CREW
3.1 All abnormal procedures and
emergency procedures for the aircraft and The abnormal and emergency procedures and
required actions of each crew member duties assigned to the crew, the appropriate
121.170 check-lists, the system for use of the check-
121.285 lists and a statement covering the necessary
co-ordination procedures between flight and
cabin crew. The following abnormal and
135.170 emergency procedures and duties must be
included:
135.285
(a) Crew incapacitation;
(b) Fire and smoke drills;
(c) Unpressurised and partially
pressurised flight;
(d) Exceeding structural limits such as
overweight landing;
(e) Exceeding cosmic radiation limits;
(f) Lightning strikes;
(g) Distress communications and alerting
ATC to emergencies;
(h) Engine failure;
(i) System failures;
(j) Guidance for diversion in case of
serious technical failure;
(k) Ground proximity warnings
(GPWS/TAWS)
(l) TCAS alerts and advisories;
(m) Windshear;
(n) Emergency landing/ditching; and
(o) Departure contingency procedures.

4 PERFORMANCE
4.1 Format
Performance data must be provided in a form
in which it can be used without difficulty.
121.1250(a)
135.1250(a)

4.2 Performance data

Performance material which provides the
necessary data for compliance with the
Aircraft flight prescribed performance requirements to allow
manual the determination of:
(a) Take-off climb limits – Mass, Altitude,
121/135 Temperature;
Subpart E
(b) Take-off field length (dry, wet,
contaminated);

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(c) Net flight path data for obstacle

clearance calculation or, where applicable,
take-off flight path;
(d) The gradient losses for banked climb
outs;
(e) En-route climb limits;
(f) Approach climb limits;
(g) Landing climb limits;
(h) Landing field length (dry, wet,
contaminated) including the effects of an in-
flight failure of a system or device, if it affects
the landing distance;
(i) Brake energy limits; and
(j) Speeds applicable for the various
flight stages (also considering wet or
contaminated runways).
4.2.1. Supplementary data covering
flights in icing conditions 121.215 Any certificated performance related to an
121.650 allowable configuration, or configuration
deviation, such as anti-skid inoperative.
135.215
135.650
4.2.2. Alternative performance data
121.565(c) If performance data, as required for the
appropriate performance class, is not available
135.565(c) in the aircraft flight manual, then other data
acceptable to the Governor must be included.
Alternatively, the operations manual may
contain cross-reference to the approved data
contained in the aircraft flight manual where
such data is not likely to be used often or in an
emergency.
4.3 Additional performance data
Additional performance data where applicable
including:
Aircraft flight
manual (a) All engine climb gradients;
(b) Drift-down data;
121/135
(c) Effect of de-icing/anti-icing fluids;
Subpart E
(d) Flight with landing gear down;
(e) For aeroplanes with three or more
engines, one engine inoperative ferry flights;
and
(f) Flights conducted under the
provisions of the CDL.

5 FLIGHT PLANNING
5.1 Data and instructions necessary
for pre-flight and in-flight planning 121.160 Data and instructions necessary for pre-flight
121.195 and in-flight planning including factors such as
121.200 speed schedules and power settings. Where
121.275 applicable, procedures for engine(s)-out
operations, EDTO (particularly the one-engine
135.160 inoperative cruise speed / all-engine operating
cruising speed and maximum diversion time)
135.195 and flights to isolated aerodromes must be
included.
135.200
135.275
5.2 Fuel planning 135.280 The method for calculating fuel needed for the
various stages of flight.

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5.3 Performance Data for EDTO

critical fuel and area of operation (a) Detailed engine(s) inoperative
121.285 performance data including fuel flow for
standard and non-standard atmospheric
135.285 conditions and as a function of airspeed and
power setting, where appropriate, covering:
(i) drift down (includes net performance) -
where applicable;
(ii) cruise altitude coverage including 10,000
feet;
(iii) holding;
(iv) altitude capability (includes net
performance); and
(v) missed approach.
(b) Detailed all-engine-operating
performance data, including nominal fuel flow
data, for standard and non-standard
atmospheric conditions and as a function of
airspeed and power setting, where
appropriate, covering:
(i) cruise (altitude coverage including 10,000
feet); and
(ii) holding.
(c) Details of any other conditions
relevant to EDTO operations which can cause
significant deterioration of performance, such
as ice accumulation on the unprotected
surfaces of the aeroplane, ram air turbine
(RAT) deployment, thrust-reverser
deployment, etc.
(d) The altitudes, airspeeds, thrust
settings, and fuel flow used in establishing the
EDTO area of operation for each airframe-
engine combination must be used in showing
the corresponding terrain and obstruction
clearances in accordance with this regulation.
6 MASS AND BALANCE
6.1 Instructions on all procedures
relating to aircraft mass and balance Instructions and data for the calculation of the
calculations mass and balance including:
Aircraft flight
manual (a) Calculation system (e.g. Index
system);
121/135 (b) Information and instructions for
completion of mass and balance
Subpart D documentation, including manual and
computer generated calculations;
(c) Limiting masses and centre of gravity
for the types, variants or individual aircraft
used by the operator; and
(d) Dry operating mass and
corresponding centre of gravity or index.

7 LOADING
Procedures and provisions for loading and 119.59
securing the load in the aircraft Instructions and procedures relating to aircraft
91.95 loading, including procedures for carriage of
121.95 animals, aircraft modification for stretcher fit
135.95 and seating of passengers who may have
restricted mobility.
121.125
135.125

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8 CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LIST The Configuration Deviation List(s) (CDL), if

provided by the manufacturer, taking account
121.610 of the aircraft types and variants operated
including procedures to be followed when an
aircraft is being despatched under the terms of
135.610 its CDL. (Operators should use the ATA
number system when allocating chapters and
numbers for aeroplane systems.)

9 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST The Minimum Equipment List (MEL) taking

account of the aircraft types and variants
121.615 operated and the type(s)/area(s) of operation.
The MEL must include the navigational
equipment and take into account the required
135.615 navigation performance for the route and area
of operation. (Operators should use the ATA
number system when allocating chapters and
numbers for aeroplane systems.

10 SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCY

EQUIPMENT INCLUDING OXYGEN
10.1 Details of all survival and
emergency equipment carried and instructions A list of the survival equipment to be carried
for use for the routes to be flown and the procedures
121.90 for checking the serviceability of this
121.710 equipment prior to take-off. Instructions
regarding the location, accessibility and use of
121.725 survival and emergency equipment and its
associated check list(s).

135.90
135.710
135.725
10.2 Oxygen supplies, including
procedures for determining amount required The procedure for determining the amount of
and quantity available oxygen required and the quantity that is
121.740 available. The flight profile, number of
135.740 occupants and possible cabin decompression
must be considered. The information provided
must be in a form in which it can be used
without difficulty.

11 EMERGENCY EVACUATION
PROCEDURES

11.1 Instructions for preparation for Instructions for preparation for emergency
emergency evacuation 121.125 evacuation including crew co-ordination and
135.125 emergency station assignment.
11.2 Emergency evacuation procedures A description of the duties of all members of
121.975(c) the crew for the rapid evacuation of an aircraft
and the handling of the passengers in the
135.975(c) event of a forced landing, ditching or other
emergency.

12 AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
Technical particulars of aircraft systems,
associated controls and equipment such as A description of the aircraft systems, related
may be necessary to enable the flight crew to Aircraft flight controls and indications and operating
carry out their duties manual instructions. (Operators should use the ATA
number system when allocating chapters and
numbers for aeroplane systems.)

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Part C ROUTE AND (1) Instructions and information relating to

AERODROME INSTRUCTIONS AND 121/135
communications, navigation and aerodromes
INFORMATION Subpart C including minimum flight levels and altitudes
for each route to be flown and operating
minima for each aerodrome planned to be
121.55 used, including:
135.55
(a) Minimum flight level/altitude;
121.225
135.225 (b) Operating minima for departure,
destination and alternate aerodromes;
(c) Communication facilities and
navigation aids;
(d) Runway data and aerodrome
facilities;
(e) Approach, missed approach and
departure procedures including noise
abatement procedures;
(f) Communication failure procedures;
(g) Search and rescue facilities in the
area over which the aeroplane is to be flown;
(h) A description of the aeronautical
charts that must be carried on board in relation
to the type of flight and the route to be flown,
including the method to check their validity;
(i) Availability of aeronautical information
and meteorological services;
(j) En-route communication and
navigation procedures;
(k) Aerodrome categorisation for flight
crew competence qualification; and
(l) Special aerodrome limitations
(performance limitations and operating
procedures etc.).

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Part D TRAINING

1 TRAINING AND COMPETENCY

PROGRAMMES
1 Training syllabi and checking A description of training syllabi and checking
programmes for all operations personnel 121/135 programmes for all operations personnel
Subparts H, I assigned to operational duties in connection
and J with the preparation and/or conduct of a flight.

2 Training syllabi and checking The training syllabi and checking programmes
programmes must include: - for all operations personnel will need to
include:
SMS training; and
Security training.
All relevant items prescribed in Subparts H, I
2.1 For flight crew - and J
2.2 For cabin crew All relevant items prescribed in Subparts H, I
- and J
2.3 For operations personnel concerned, (a) All relevant items prescribed in Part 92
including crew members - (Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air); and

(b) All other relevant items prescribed in

OTARs pertaining to their duties
2.4 For operations personnel other than All other relevant items prescribed in OTARs
crew members (e.g. dispatcher, handling - pertaining to their duties.
personnel etc.)

3 PROCEDURES

3.1 Procedures for training and competency Procedures for training and competency
checking checking, including use of synthetic training
121.965 devices.
135.965
3.2 Procedures to be applied in the event An AOC holder may not use, nor may any
that personnel do not achieve or maintain the 121/135 person serve in a required crewmember
required standards. Subpart J capacity or operational capacity unless that
person meets the training and currency
requirements established for that respective
position.
3.3 Procedures for the simulation of Procedures to ensure that abnormal or
abnormal or emergency situations emergency situations requiring the application
121.290 of part or all of abnormal or emergency
procedures, and simulation of IMC by artificial
means, are not simulated during commercial
135.290 air transportation flights.

3.3 Training documentation Description of documentation to be stored and

storage periods (see Appendix 1 to 91.1265).
121.1170
Specimens of forms and other documents to
be used for maintaining training and
135.1170 competency records.

91.1265

END

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