EXPERIMENT 8: The effect of temperature on reaction rate

NAME: Daffa Madri Atha

MATRIC NUMBER: 201438

DEMO : NUR FATIMA’ AL-ZAHARA’ BINTI TUAN MOHAMOOD

LECTURE’S NAME : Dr. Ili Syazana Johari

DATE : 26 November 2021

OBJECTIVE
Students should be able to do the following by the end of this module:
1. Describe how temperature affects reaction pace.
2. Determine the rate constant for the reaction of sodium thiosulphate with hydrochloric acid
at various temperatures.

INTRODUCTION
Temperature and Reaction Rate Explore the role of temperature on reaction rate. In this
model any heat generated by the reaction itself is removed, keeping the temperature constant
in order to isolate the effect of environmental temperature on the rate of reaction. Experiments
have shown that a 10°C increase in temperature doubles or triples the speed of a molecule-to-
molecule reaction. The activation energy, or the minimum energy required for a process to
proceed, remains constant as temperature rises. However, because of the absorbed heat's
average rise in particle kinetic energy, a larger fraction of the reactant molecules now have the
minimal energy required to collide and react. As the temperature rises, the energy levels of the
molecules engaged in the reaction rise, increasing the rate of the reaction. Similarly, as the
temperature drops, the pace of reaction slows down.

The study of chemical reactions is not complete without a consideration of the rates at
which these reactions proceed. We know that some reactions such as those between ions in
solution frequently proceed very rapidly, while others proceed so slowly that the rate is not
even detectable. The practical importance of these rate considerations is difficult to exaggerate.
For example, a metal which is exposed to weather will undergo reactions with oxygen and
water which result in corrosion. Among the most important factors influencing the rate of a
reaction are: temperature, concentration and catalysis. In addition, for solids the condition of
the surface is of great importance.

Consider the simple reaction: A + B = Products

Products A and B are atoms, ions, or molecules and may be in the gas phase or in
solution. In order for A and B to react with each other, they must collide with each other. Since
molecules are in rapid and continual motion, molecules of A and B will collide with one another
at frequent intervals. However, not every collision of A and B will result in the formation of
products. Before a reaction can occur, the reactants collide with a certain amount of energy
termed the activation energy. This energy comes from the kinetic energy that A and B possess,
so that only those collisions which occur with sufficient force will be effective in causing
reaction. If the concentration of either A or B is doubled, the number of collisions between A
and B per time is doubled. If the temperature is raised, the kinetic energies of both A and B are
increased so that there are more collisions per second, and a greater fraction of these will lead
to chemical reaction. The rate, therefore, generally increases with increasing temperature.
METHODOLOGY

Measure out 50 mL Measure the

Wash 250 mL of the 0.05 M sodium temperature of
beakers thoroughly thiosulphate solution
(Na2S2O3) using a the Na2S2O3
with water and
measuring cylinder and solution and
dried it.
place it in the beaker. record.

When you're ready,

place the acid in the Place this beaker on
beaker on the X and
start the timer at the Using a measuring top of a piece of
same time. Stir the paper with an X on
ingredients together. cylinder, take 5 mL it, so that the X is
Keep track of how long of 2.0 M HCl acid covered by the
it takes for the solution
to get too foggy to see beaker.
the X.

Repeat the experiment at Thoroughly clean the beaker before each experiment with
higher temperatures. Aim water.
for temperatures around Place 50 mL of 0.05 M Na2S2O3 solution into the beaker.
30, 40, 50 and 60°C, and
Heat the Na2S2O3 solution in a water bath near to the
record the actual
desired temperature.
temperature of the
experiment (e.g. 28°C, Remove the beaker and place it on the paper marked with.
43°C, 51°C, 59°C). In each Add 5 mL of 2 M HCl, start the stopwatch and stir the
experiment: mixture. Record the time for X disappeared
DATA AND CALCULATION

Time for X
Temperature (°C) disappeared, t Initial rate, 1/t
No.
(s) (s-1)

Start End Average

1. 24 22 23 85 0.0027

2. 28 26 27 56 0.0031

3. 40 38 39 34 0.0042

4. 51 48 49.5 23 0.0052

5. 61 55 58 19 0.0059

DISCUSSION
Reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds. It is often expressed
in terms of either the concentration (amount per unit volume) of a product that is formed in a
unit of time or the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a unit of time. Reaction
constant is a proportionality factor in the rate law of chemical kinetics that relates the molar
concentration of reactants to reaction rate. Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that forms
in the atmosphere and falls back to the Earth. Chemical equilibrium is condition in the course
of a reversible chemical reaction in which no net change in the amounts of reactants and
products occurs. Chemical kinetic is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with
understanding the rates of chemical reactions. Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object
or a particle has by reason of its motion. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy
required to initiate a reaction. It is the height of the potential energy barrier between the
potential energy minima of the reactants and products.

Increasing the temperature increases the average speed of the reactant molecules. As
more molecules move faster, the number of molecules moving fast enough to react increases,
which results in faster formation of products. When its temperature increases, the reactants
have more kinetic energy so the frequency of effective collision increases, resulting in a faster
rate of chemical reaction.

The temperature of this experiment never heat above 600C because, if heat above 60 it
can cause burn to skin if we get hit from the experiment that used hot sodium thiosulfate.

As the reaction proceeds, one of the products is sulfur. As more sulfur gets produced,
the solution becomes more and more cloudy until eventually the solution is opaque. Because
of this, the moment that you can no longer see through the solution can be used as a consistent
way to stop time.

CONCLUSION
Rate of reaction increases when the temperature of the reaction increases. Hence, the
hypothesis can be accepted. An increase. in temperature typically increases the rate of reaction.
An increase in temperature will raise the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules.
Therefore, a greater proportion of molecules will have the minimum energy necessary for an
effective collision.
PRECAUTION
1. Don’t heat above 600C because, the experiment doesn’t suggest it
 2. Make sure the laboratory is well ventilated and avoid breathing directly over the top of
the flask
3. Make sure you already wear safety lab

REFERENCES
Core practical - observing colour changes - Rates of reaction - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry

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Key, J. A. (2014, September 16). Factors that Affect the Rate of Reactions – Introductory

Chemistry – 1st Canadian Edition. Pressbooks.

https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/factors-that-affect-the-rate-of-

reactions/

chemical kinetics | Definition, Equations, & Facts. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved

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