ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

9(11), 1105-1112

Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/13848

DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/13848

RESEARCH ARTICLE
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON E- LEARNING AMONG B.SC. NURSING STUDENTS

Vadivazhagan Alias Rathinam J.1, Nivethitha K.2, Sridevy S.2 and Felicia Chitra A.3
1. M.Sc Nursing Student, College of Nursing, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health
Science, Puducherry, India.
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of MSN, College of Nursing, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research institute
of Health Science, Puducherry, India.
3. Principal cum HOD, Dept. of MSN, College of Nursing, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research institute
of Health Science, Puducherry, India.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Manuscript Info Abstract
……………………. ………………………………………………………………
Manuscript History Background: The sudden outbreak break of crisis made the
Received: 30 September 2021 educational institution to switch over the mode of teaching from
Final Accepted: 31 October 2021 traditional method to E-Learning. The main objective of the present
Published: November 2021 study is to assess the existing level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice
about E- learning among B.Sc Nursing Students in selected Nursing
Key words:-
E-Learning, Impact, Modern colleges, to correlate all the outcome variables with each other.
Technology & Online Classes Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive survey study was
conducted among B.Sc Nursing Students in selected Nursing colleges,
Puducherry with 400 samples, selected through cluster random
sampling technique. Quantitative approach was used for this study and
the design was descriptive cross-sectional design. Data was collected
by using self-structured questionnaire prepared by the researcher.
Results: The results revealed that, out of 400 samples, nearly more
than half of the samples 211(52.8%) had inadequate Knowledge about
E-Learning. Further, the data was analyzed by using the Karl Pearson’s
correlation and it had shown positive correlation which is found to be
statistically significant at p<0.01 level between all three variables.
Regarding the association, previous experience of attending classes
online classes, gender and total family income per annum had shown
significant association with Knowledge, educational status of the
mother, total family income per annum and sibling having separate
gadgets for attending E-Learning had shown statistically significant
association with Attitude, use of gadgets by the subject’s siblings
having separately for attending E-Learning had statistically significant
association with Practice at p<0.05 level.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the E-Learning should be
recommended for the Students to update their Knowledge and practice
with desirable attitude changes to adapt E-learning for their learning
platform.
Copy Right, IJAR, 2021,. All rights reserved.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

Corresponding Author:- Nivethitha K

Address:- Asso.Professor in Nursing. 1105
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Introduction:-
Education is board spectrum of teaching and learning aspect which makes the learner to learn and makes them to
improve their life.1,2 The education system is modeled such way to increase the knowledge in various aspects and to
have good satisfactory level towards their goal.

During the crisis situation the improvement of technology has made everything easily accessible. The emerging
modern world transfers this learning process through electronic media. A blended learning becomes a choice in the
method of teaching learning process which is commonly practiced by every schools and Colleges. Now a days the
changes in the mode of learning is well accepted by higher education during this pandemic period. There are many
Apps available to acts as plate form for teaching in the present scenario.

The medical and nursing education is mostly taught by the traditional methods for many years. Since, it is highly
skill-oriented profession and now there is a need for changes3,4.Because, the advancements in education are also
needed to update their knowledge & skill with the use of modern gadgets in this new era5. Nowadays younger
generation do not to be book worms; instead, they prefer technology for their regular classes 6. The modern
technology is made very easy for all Age groups6. Now learning through online is very common due to pandemic
compared to the previous decade, it was very difficult 7. Before 10 to 20 years there were less gadgets or devices, but
that was also high in cost which cannot be rendered by common man. 8

According to their view article published by Deepika.V, Soundariya.K, Kartikeyan.K, Kalaiselvan.G, (2020) E-
Learning is best method of learning for the Students which is adopted by various institution for upgrading their
Knowledge and grade.9 Similarly electronic media is considered to be very useful for conducting online classes in
this present scenrio.10

Use of technology or change in traditional learning method requires good cooperation, since the perception of
Students is different and it was also found that most (77%) of the samples had negative perceptions towards E-
learning in the study conducted by Abbasi.S, Ayoob.T, Malik.A, Memon.S.I, (2020).11

The present situation made the researcher to realize that the E- learning is mandatory for every profession to upgrade
their knowledge and skill. Hence, the researcher wanted to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and skill of Students
regarding E-Learning, Since the nursing profession is highly skill-oriented program for which higher form of
technology is necessary to make them skillful through offline mode and it is newer for the Students and the faculty
as well. So, the present study is planned to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of attending classes through
electronic media among the Nursing Students.

Problem Statement:
A study to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about E- learning among B.Sc. Nursing Students in selected
Nursing Colleges, Puducherry.

Objectives:-
1. To assess the existing level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about E- learning among B.Sc. Nursing
Students.
2. To correlate the Knowledge with the Attitude, Knowledge with Practice and Practice with Attitude about E-
learning among B.Sc. Nursing Students.
3. To find out the association between the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about E- learning with
selected demographic variables.

Research Methodology:-
The researcher adopted the quantitative approach with cross sectional descriptive survey design for this study.
Eisner’s connoisseurship model (1976) was adopted to conceptualize the study. The structured questionnaire was
developed by the researcher after several research reviews and incorporated the suggestion received from medical
and nursing expects in the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of mainly two section which includes Section –
A demographic variables and Section –B self-Structured questionnaire for assessing Knowledge, Attitude and
Practice. Further, Section – B is divided into 3 subsection consists of 35 multiple choice question for assessing
Knowledge and Practice and 5-pointLikert scale with 20 statements for assessing Attitude towards E-learning.

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Cluster random sampling technique was adopted to select the samples for the study in which, the four years B.Sc
nursing students were grouped as two groups in each selected College by using odd and even numbers that is 1yr
and 3yr as one group and 2yr and 4yr as another rgroup and then, in the second step, the researcher selected only one
batch from each group that is 2yr from first group and 3yr from another group by lottery method in every selected
college. Finally, in the third step, subjects were drawn out from each selected group that is 40 students from 2yr
(first group) and 40 students from 3yr (second group) totally the samples were around 80 as per sample size
calculation in each selected College by using the same lottery method. Data was collected among 400 samples by
survey. Self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and the results were analyzed by descriptive and
inferential statistics.

Ethical Consideration:
The ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethical committee and the prior permission was also obtained
from the respective college Principals. Before the collection of data, informed consent and permission was obtained
from every samples in selected Nursing Colleges. The samples were selected based on inclusion criteria. The
samples were given freedom to withdraw from the study at any time of the study period.

Results & Discussion:-

Distribution of demographic variables: -
In this study total sample size is 400, out of total samples, the half 209(52.2%) of subjects are between the Age
group of 20 to 22 years, 324(81%) were females, Regarding education of the parents of the samples, most of their
father 141(35.3%) and mother 145(36.3%) had high school education respectively. With regards to the occupation
of parents, 124 (31%) are elementary workers. The most 205(51.3%) of the Students are residing in urban area and
the remaining 195(48.7%) in rural area.

The total number of sibling in a family, 238 (59.5%) of adolescence are having one siblings, 101(25.2%) of
adolescence are having two siblings. 39(9.8%) of adolescence are having more than three siblings, and 22 (5.5 %) of
adolescence are not having siblings in their family.

Regarding total number of smart phone availability in a family, 157(39.3%) of subject’s family members are having
two smart phones, 102(25.5%) of subject’s family members are having three smart phones, 75(18.7%) of subject’s
family members are having more than four smart phones, 64(16%) of subject’s family members are having one
smart phones, and 2(0.5%) of subject’s family members don’t have smart phones at all.

With respect to availability of separate gadgets for siblings for attending E-Learning, 209(52.3%) of members does
not have separate gadgets and 191(47.7%) of members have separate gadgets for attending E-Learning.

Regarding previous experience of attending online class, 267(66.7%) of subjects have previous experience and
133(33.3%) of subjects does not have previous experience in attending online class.

The data was analyzed as per objectives stated:-

The first objective of the study is to assess the existing level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about E- learning
among B.Sc. Nursing Students.

Regarding Knowledge, the result revealed that out of 400 subjects. Just more than half of the subject’s 211(52.8 %)
are having inadequate Knowledge, 185(46.2%) subjects are having moderate Knowledge and only 4(1%) subjects
are having adequate Knowledge which shows there are very less number of subject’s are having Knowledge on E-
Learning. So, there is a huge need of imparting Knowledge on E-Learning which is essential for the Students in this
present scenario (table no 1).

Further the investigator analyzed the Knowledge items wise, all most all the subjects had good knowledge in all
segments regarding E-learning that is 184(46%) subjects have Knowledge on introduction to E-Learning,
193(48.25%) have Knowledge on components of E-Learning, 180(45%) have Knowledge on importance of E-
Learning, and 253(63.25%) have Knowledge on drawbacks of E-Learning.

Regarding Attitude the present study results revealed that, 379 (94.8%) of subject’s are having uncertainty which
means neutral where they are not able to decide neither good or bad, very few that is 18(4.4%) of subject’s are

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having satisfactory and surprisingly only 3(0.8%) of subject’s are having unsatisfactory (table no 1). The results of
the present study are consistent with the study conducted by Waldman.L, Perreault.H, Alexander.M, Zhao. J,
(2006) which revealed that nearly half of subjects (79.8%) had positive Attitude towards online classes, and another
half (79.3%) had neutral Attitude. None of them had negative Attitude. 12 This might be due to the force made on the
society by the pandemic situation which changes in mind set of people that it is necessary for the life. This made the
technology to reach deep in the society and became one among the basic need of them. Further, the attitude was
analyzed by its item that is majority 121 (30.25%) of the subjects strongly agree regarding the strength of perception
towards E-Learning, and most 121 (30.25%) of the subject’s had strongly agreed that they had issues in attending E-
Learning,

Regarding Practice, 183(45.8%) of subject’s are having moderate Practice, 171(42.8%) of subject’s are having
adequate Practice and 46(11.4%) of subject’s are having inadequate Practice in attending E- learning (Table no 1)
and it is again analyzed based on its item such as 316 (46%) have Knowledge on Practice in using gadgets for
attending E-Learning,234 (58.5%) have Knowledge on Practice in using apps for attending E-Learning, 207
(51.75%) have Knowledge on Practice in attending activity based E-Learning, 202 (50.5%) have Knowledge on
Practice in preparing E-documents and 198(49.5%) have health issue while attending E-Learning

Table 1:- Frequency and percentage distribution of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on E-Learning. N = 400.
Level of Knowledge Frequency Percentage
Inadequate Knowledge (<10) 211 52.8
Moderate Knowledge (10 – 15) 185 46.2
Adequate Knowledge (>15) 4 1.0
Level of Attitude Frequency Percentage
Unsatisfactory (<50) 3 0.8
Uncertainty (50 – 75) 379 94.8
Satisfactory (>75) 18 4.4
Level of Practice Frequency Percentage
Inadequate Practice (<5) 46 11.4
Moderate Practice (5 – 7) 183 45.8
Adequate Practice (>7) 171 42.8

The second objective of the study is to correlate the Knowledge with the Attitude, Knowledge with Practice
and Practice with Attitude about E- learning.
The investigator analyzed the correlation between the three study variables such as Knowledge, Attitude and
Practice by using Karl Pearson’s correlation test. The results of the present study shows that the correlation r value is
found to be statistically significant between all there variables such as between Knowledge and Practice(r = 0.318 at
p=0.0001), Knowledge and Attitude (r = 0.243 at p=0.0001), and Practice and Attitude (r = 0.207 at p=0.0001).This
study finding is consistent with the similar study conducted by Matsunaga.S, (2016) shows that there is a positive
correlation of perception at the level of r=0.547,p<0.05 about delivering the content through the online classes is
more effective.13

The result infers that when Knowledge increases, Attitude and Practice will also be increased.

The third objective is to associate the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about E- learning with
selected demographic variables

Regarding association between Knowledge and demographic variables, the findings of the present study showed that
there was a statistically significant association between level of Knowledge and demographic variables such as the
student’s prior experience of attending online classes(x2 = 14.406, p=0.001), Gender (x2 = 8.126, p=0.017) and total
family income / year (x2=24.215, p=0.019) at p<0.05 level.

Further, the researcher used regression analysis to analyze the association between outcome variables and selected
demographic variables of this study. In this regard, knowledge was analyzed primly which again shows that there
was a significant relationship between Age (p=0.029), Gender (p=0.003) and total family income per year (p=0.009)
with a R2 value of 6.7%. Table shows the multiple regression combination of the demographic variables as small

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linear relationship to mean difference score of Knowledge R2 value is 6.7%. An 6.7% of estimated variance of the
demographic variables can be accounted for multiple regression combination on predictors on Age, Gender, year of
study, education of father, occupation of father, education of mother, occupation of mother, total family income per
year, residence, siblings, members in your family having smart phone, sibling having separate gadgets for attending
E-Learning and having prior experience of attending online class (Table no 2).

Regarding association between Attitude and demographic variables, there was a statistically significant association
between Attitude and demographic variables such as Educational status of the Mother(x2=21.439, p=0.044), total
family income per year (x2= 22.250, p=0.035) and availability of gadgets separately for the siblings(x2=7.156,
p=0.028) at p<0.05 level and this was analyzed again by using regression analysis which showsthere was a
significant relationship between Age (p=0.034), and sibling have separate gadgets for attending E-Learning
(p=0.031) with a R2 value of 5.6%. Table shows the multiple regression combination of the demographic variables
as small linear relationship to mean difference score of Practice R 2 value is 5.6%. An 5.6% of estimated variance of
the demographic variables can be accounted for multiple regression combination on predictors on Age, Gender, year
of study, education of father, occupation of father, education of mother, occupation of mother, total family income
per year, residence, siblings, members in your family having smart phone, sibling having separate gadgets for
attending E-Learning and having prior experience of attending online class (Table no 3).

This present study finding is consistent with the similar study conducted by Smart.L.K(2006) shows that there was
a significant association between the prior awareness of online module & the level of perception (p=0.004) and prior
awareness of completion of module in online (p=0.047) & the level of perception at p<0.05 level14.And it is also
consistent with an another study conducted by Platt.A.C, Raile.W.N.A, Yu.N, (2014) which revealed that
association between the demographic variables and perception towards online classes such as general
equivalence(F=3.78), comparative flexibility (F=7.72), comparative interaction (F=10.57), comparative Knowledge
gained (F=9.72) and comparative ease(F=2.28) with the perception about online classes had shown statistically
significant at p=0.01 level with multiple regression analysis. 15

Regarding association of Practice with demographic variables, the present study shows that there was a statistically
significant association between separate gadgets availability for siblings in a family (x2=13.416, p=0.0001) and
demographic variables at p<0.001 and the multiple regression analysis results reveals that there was a significant
relationship between Gender (p=0.042), occupation of mother (p=0.004) and total family income per month
(p=0.000) with a R2 value of 7.7%. Table shows the multiple regression combination of the demographic variables
as small linear relationship to mean difference score of Attitude R 2 value is 7.7%. An 7.7% of estimated variance of
the demographic variables can be accounted for multiple regression combination on predictors on Age, Gender, year
of study, education of father, occupation of father, education of mother, occupation of mother, total family income
per year, residence, siblings, members in your family having smart phone, sibling have separate gadgets for
attending E-Learning and having prior experience of attending online class (Table no 4).

Table 2:- Multiple regression analysis of Knowledge score and demographic variables N = 400.
Demographic Unstandardized Standardized t Sig. 95.0% Confidence
Variables Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B
B Std. Beta Lower Upper
Error Bound Bound
Age .662 .303 .127 2.189 .029* .067 1.257
Gender 1.008 .343 .150 2.942 .003* .335 1.682
Year of study -.219 .303 -.041 -.723 .470 -.814 .377
Education of Father -.075 .115 -.039 -.655 .513 -.300 .150
Occupation of father .057 .060 .051 .953 .341 -.061 .175
Education of Mother -.140 .121 -.068 - .249 -.379 .098
1.155
Occupation of .086 .054 .084 1.585 .114 -.021 .193
mother
Total family -.225 .086 -.142 - .009* -.395 -.056
income per year 2.612
Residence -.189 .270 -.036 -.698 .486 -.719 .342

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Siblings .003 .182 .001 .018 .986 -.354 .360

Members in the -.250 .151 -.094 - .098 -.547 .046
family having smart 1.659
phone
Sibling having -.451 .285 -.085 - .115 -1.012 .110
separate gadgets for 1.581
attending E-
learning
Prior experience of .470 .285 .084 1.649 .100 -.091 1.031
attending online
class
Percentage of R2 value – 6.7%
*p<0.05, S – Significant

Table 3:- Multiple regression analysis of Attitude and demographic variables N = 400.
Demographic Unstandardized Standardized T Sig. 95.0% Confidence
Variables Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B
B Std. Beta Lower Upper
Error Bound Bound
Age .800 .718 .064 1.114 .266 -.612 2.211
Gender 1.654 .812 .103 2.036 .042 .057 3.251
Education of .150 .272 .032 .552 .581 -.384 .684
Father
Occupation of .101 .142 .038 .714 .476 -.178 .381
father
Education of -.108 .287 -.022 -.378 .706 -.673 .456
Mother
Occupation of .371 .129 .152 2.879 .004 .118 .625
mother
Total family -.809 .203 -.213 -3.981 .000 -1.209 -.410
income per year
Residence .071 .640 .006 .111 .911 -1.187 1.329
Siblings -.021 .375 -.003 -.057 .955 -.758 .715
Members in your -.150 .256 -.034 -.587 .557 -.654 .353
family having
smart phone
Sibling have -.475 .665 -.038 -.714 .475 -1.782 .832
separate gadgets
for attending E-
learning
Having prior 1.075 .676 .080 1.591 .113 -.254 2.404
experience of
attending online
class
Percentage of R2 value – 7.7%
*p<0.05, S – Significant

Table 4:- Multiple regression analysis of Practice and demographic variables N = 400.
Unstandardized Standardized 95.0% Confidence
Demographic Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B
T Sig.
Variables Lower Upper
B Std. Error Beta
Bound Bound
Age .521 .245 .124 2.127 .034 .039 1.002
Gender .086 .277 .016 .312 .756 -.459 .632
Education of Father -.007 .093 -.004 -.074 .941 -.189 .175

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Occupation of father -.068 .049 -.075 -1.396 .164 -.163 .028

Education of Mother -.010 .098 -.006 -.104 .917 -.203 .183
Occupation of
.036 .044 .044 .826 .409 -.050 .123
mother
Total family income
-.086 .070 -.067 -1.228 .220 -.223 .052
per year
Residence -.004 .219 -.001 -.017 .987 -.433 .426
Siblings -.047 .147 -.016 -.320 .749 -.336 .242
Members in the
family having smart .036 .122 .017 .295 .768 -.204 .276
phone
Sibling having
separate gadgets
-.501 .231 -.118 -2.169 .031 -.955 -.047
for attending E-
learning
Prior experience of
attending online -.320 .231 -.071 -1.388 .166 -.774 .133
class
Percentage of R2 value – 5.6%
*p<0.05, S – Significant

Conclusion:-
The study result shows that the majority of the subjects had poor Knowledge, moderate Practice and neutral level of
Attitude towards E-Learning. So, the researcher concludes that there is need of more educational sessions regarding
E-Learning which is more essential in the present scenario and researcher also insists that the E-Learning should be
recommended for the Students to update their Knowledge.

Conflict Of Interest:
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this article.

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