TCP/IP Model – Cheat Sheet (Network Walks) – Part-1 v1.
What is TCP/IP Model ???
“TCP/IP Model is a standardised Reference Framework for conceptualising data
communications between networks”
✓ Relevant RFC: RFC1122
✓ Also called ’Internet Model’ or ‘DoD Model’ Protocols at each TCP/IP Layer
TCP/IP Model Layers & their Functions www.networkwalks.com
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Encapsulation: “Preparing & passing the data by any Upper layer
to the layer below it, is called Encapsulation”
(Means, going from the application layer all the way down to the physical layer)
TCP 3-way Handshake Process Decapsulation: “Decoding data while going Upwards from the
physical layer till application layer is called decapsulation”
TCP/IP Model OSI Model
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OSI Model Vs TCP/IP Model www.networkwalks.com
OSI Model TCP/IP Model
Mostly used for reference purposes only Practical Model in use today
Released in 1984 by ISO Released in 1970s by DARPA Devices at each TCP/IP Layer
Each layer participates in Error Handling Only Transport Layer handles Errors
Not so simple Model (7 Layers) Simple Model (4Layers only)
Session Layer does Connection Management Transport Layer does Connection Mgmt
Data Formatting is done by Present. Layer Data Formatting is done by Application Layer
Uses Horizontal Approach Uses Vertical Approach
--- www.networkwalks.com Trans Layer uses 3WHS + Sliding Windows
Transport Layer is Connection Oriented Trans Layer can be Connection Oriented or not
Netw Layer can be Connection Oriented or not Network Layer is always Connectionless
Services & protocols are clearly defined Services & protocols are not clearly separated
A protocol independent Model A Protocol dependent Model
Hosts do not handle network operations Hosts participate in most network protocols
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Transport Layer Ports Important Ports on Transport Layer
Category Range Comments
Used by system processes
Well Known 0 - 1023 e.g. FTP(21)
For specific services e.g.
Registered 1024 - 49151 Port 8080
Private 49152 – 65535 For Private purposes
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