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Collocations: What Is A Collocation?: Introduction Examples, Finding and Learning Collocations

This document provides examples of collocations in English organized into categories such as fast food, register, types of collocation, intensifying adverbs, metaphors, and synonyms. It includes collocations related to emotions, parts of the body, vehicles, food, business, and more. Collocations are words that commonly go together, such as "fast food", "quick glance", "sharp pain", "major problem", and "heated debate".

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Roberto Pvet
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
173 views14 pages

Collocations: What Is A Collocation?: Introduction Examples, Finding and Learning Collocations

This document provides examples of collocations in English organized into categories such as fast food, register, types of collocation, intensifying adverbs, metaphors, and synonyms. It includes collocations related to emotions, parts of the body, vehicles, food, business, and more. Collocations are words that commonly go together, such as "fast food", "quick glance", "sharp pain", "major problem", and "heated debate".

Uploaded by

Roberto Pvet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COLLOCATIONS

What is a collocation? : Introduction examples, finding and learning


collocations
Fast food
Fast cars
Quick glance
Quick meal
Big meal
Substantial meal

Keep to/stick to the rules


Make an effort
Make a mistake

Car park
Post office
Shoelace
Teapot
Narrow-minded
Bitterly cold
Pitch dark

Poverty breeds crime

A sharp pain
A sharp bend/turn
A sharp contrast/difference/distinction
A sharp rise/increase/drop

Bold type

Pain:
Experience/feel/suffer pain
Alleviate/soothe/relieve/lessen/ease pain
Cause/inflict pain
Complain of pain
Pain subsides
Be racked with pain

To take somebody up on an offer (to accept an offer)

Bright color
Brief chat
Major problem
Key issue

Types of collocation

The economy boomed


The company has grown
The company has expanded
The companies merged
The company launched the product
To pose a problem

To create opportunities

A surge of anger
A sense of pride
A pang of nostalgia
Swelling with pride
Filled with horror
To burst into tears

To pull steadily
To whisper softly

Happily married
Fully aware
Blissfully unaware

Register
Bored stiff
To badly need
To have a think about
Give a ring
Alight from the bus
Dismount
Dispose of objects
Unwanted items
Receptacle

To axe
To slash prices
To rocket
To crack down on
To quiz
To submit a tender
Raise a capital
To go into partnership with
To start up a business

Dead/extremely keen
Board the aircraft/get on the plane
Pay for/bear the cost of
Withdraw from/drop out of
Launch into/embarked upon

INTENSIFYING ADVERBS
Unlikely
Likely
Unusual
Successful
HIGHLY Competitive
Profitable
Effective
Controversial
Recommended

Exhausted
Ridiculous
Stupid
Impossible
ABSOLUTELY, UTTERLY Wrong
Alone
Appalled
Convinced
Devastated
Miserable

Disappointing
Disappointed
Resent
Criticize
BITTERLY Regret
Complain
Cry
Weep

Ashamed
Concerned
Shocked
Committed
DEEPLY Moved
Affected
Hurt
Regret
Care
Religious
Unhappy

Cheap
Expensive
Low
High
RIDICULOUSLY Easy
Long
Short
Small
Large
Early

Oppose
Influence
Believe
Deny
STRONGLY Recommend
Support
Condemn
Suggest
Feel
Argue
Object

Make & Do
Make arrangements for Do your best

Make a change/changes Do damage

Make a choice Do an experiment


Make a comment/comments
Do exercises
Make a contribution to
Do someone a good turn
Make a decision
Do someone a favor
Make an effort
Do harm
Make an excuse
Do your hair
Make friends
Make an improvement Do your homework

Make a mistake Do the ironing/washing/shopping, etc.

Make a phone call


Do some work
Make progress

Everyday verbs

Go: Turn:
Go mad/crazy Turn gold (sky)
Go bald Turn red (fruits)
Go blind Turn white (hair due to shocking news)
Go deaf
Go grey (older people’s hair)
Go red (embarrassed)
Go dark (sky)
Go yellow (pages)

Get & Become (Become is more formal): Become:


Pregnant Extinct
Involved Unpopular
Angry Popular
Obsessed Homeless
Bored Famous
Excited
Depressed
Upset
Impatient
Violent

To fall ill To grow older


To fall silent To grow louder
To grow fond of
Have an accident Take a holiday

Have an argument / a row Take a trip

Have a break Take a train / bus

Have a conversation / chat Take a liking to prendere qualcuno in simpatia;


scoprire il piacere di qualcosa
Have difficulty
Take a riskcorrere il rischio
Have a dream / nightmare
Take an interest in interessarsi a; mostrare
Have an experience interesse per qualcuno

Have a feeling Take photos / pictures

Have fun / a good time Take a chancetentare la fortuna, provarci

Have a look (Br.) – Take a look (USA) Take a dislike toprendere in antipatia

Have a party Take advantage ofapprofittarne

Have a problem / problems Take actionagire, fare qualcosa

Have a try / a go

Liking: gusto, simpatia, predilezione, gradimento


To my liking: di mio gradimento

Pay attention: prestare attenzione


Pay a compliment: fare un complimento
Pay your (last) respects to. Fare gli ossequi a, fare le condoglianze
Pay tribute (formal): rendere omaggio

Synonyms and confusable words


Close a meeting/discussion/conference
Shut your mouth (informal and somewhat impolite)

Start-----------------------an engine or a vehicle/machine


Begin (in more formal and abstract contexts)

An old friend
An old building
Ancient history
Ancient times
Antique furniture
Old and valuable
Antique jeweler

Elderly person

Single parent
A solitary figure on the horizon
Lonely place/spot
Desperately lonely
Live/travel alone
Sole survivor
An only child
A unique occasion

Charge the phone


Load the gun/lorry/cargoes/vans/ships

Injured people
Damaged sofa
Grow crops/plants
Raise animals/children

Gain Power, control, access The socialist party gained control


of the National assembly
Gain (benefit to the gainer) A reputation, publicity, Her paintings gained recognition
recognition, an advantage
Win An award, a prize, a medal, a He won a medal
match, a battle, a war, an election The party won the elections
Earn A salary, money I earn $1200 a month

Make A profit, money The company made a profit last


year
You can make money by
investing
Achieve Success, your goals, your aims It’s difficult to achieve success in
international sport

Beat / Defeat A team, an opponent He defeated his opponent


Defeat (more formal)

Spend money
Spend time
Metaphors

Sunny face
Sunny smile

A face shines with pleasure


Eyes shine with excitement or delight

Someone’s face lights up


Feel happy
Eyes light up

Face darkens
unhappy
Eyes darken

An atmosphere lightens
More relaxed or cheerful
A mood lightens

Dark thoughts (gloomy ones)

Dark days
Unpleasant times
Dark times

Ideas flow
Procedure scorrevolmente, fluentemente
Conversation flows

To be in a flood of tears/in floods of tears----in un mare di lacrime


Tears stream down somone’s face------------- in un mare di lacrime

People pour/stream somewhere ----scorrere, riversarsi


People/ vehicles trickle------------------------andarsene piano piano, muoversi gradualmente o
lentamente

A stream of visitors/traffic------------flusso di gente/traffico

A heated debate-------------- un dibattito acceso


A heated discussion---------una discussione animata, accesa
A heated concersation-----una discussione animata, accesa
Fiery temper
Tempers flared------------------gli animi si sono scaldati, infiammati
Flare: sfolgorare, brillare, divampare; scoppiare, adirarsi, infiammarsi
Violence flares up
Troubles flare up
Cheeks burn with embarrassment

Blaze of glory-----nel pieno della Gloria


Blaze of publicity---ondata di pubblicità
Blaze: vampata, fiamma; ardere, divampare, infiammarsi

Bright future
Bright children
Warm smile
Warm welcome
Cold eyes
A cold stare

Weather
Unbroken sunshine
Scorching hot----------cocente, caldissimo
Sizzling hot---------------torrido
Sunny spells
Soak up the sunshine
Pour with rain
Torrential rain
Freezing cold
Soaked to the skin
A break in the clouds
Rain heavily
Thick cloud

Weather deteriorates/improves The weather is likely to deteriorate later on


Deteriorate: formal get worse today

Thick/dense fog There is thick fog on the motorway

Patches of fog/mist These patches of fog should lift by midday


(fog/mist comes down)
(fog/mist lifts)
Blanket of fog/mist

Strong sun Avoid going to the beach at midday, the sun is


Weak sun strongest
Heavy rain Pioggia fitta
Driving/pelting/lashing rain Pioggia battente
Moderate rain Pioggia moderata
Light rain Pioggia lenta
Drizzle Pioggerella, pioggia sottile

Heavy snow Forte nevicata


Fresh snow Neve fresca
Crisp snow Neve friabile
Thick snow Neve spessa
Driving snow Neve abbondante
Hard frost Forte gelata
Light frost Leggera gelata

High/Strong wind Vento forte


Light/slack wind Vento debole/moderato
Biting wind Vento sferzante, tagliente, rigido
The wind picks up Il vento si solleva
The wind dies down Il vento si attenua
The wind blows/whistles Il vento soffia

Freak storms
Freak weather conditions hit
Gale-force winds
Rivers burst their banks
It looks like rain= it’s going to rain

Travel – journey – trip – etc.


JOURNEY

Journey è principalmente un sostantivo. Viene usato come verbo poco e quasi esclusivamente nella
lingua scritta o poetica. Come sostantivo si riferisce ad un specifico tragitto singolo, a senso unico,
e mette l’enfasi proprio sul percorso stesso piuttosto che sulla meta. Spesso viene usato con
riferimento a viaggi lunghi e/o ardui, oppure per enfatizzare la durata (tempo) o la lunghezza
(distanza) del viaggio. Vediamo degli esempi tipici facendo attenzione ai verbi e agli avverbi che
vengono spesso abbinati a journey:

 Did you have a good journey?


 Hai fatto un buon viaggio?

 The journey back was terrible.


 Il viaggio di ritorno è stato terribile.

 It was the start of a long journey.


 Fu l’inizio di un lungo viaggio.

 Fortunately the journey didn’t take us very long.


 Per fortuna il viaggio non ci ha impiegato molto tempo.

 The return journey is much quicker.


 Il viaggio di ritorno è molto più veloce.

 It’s a three hour journey to London from here.


 È un viaggio di tre ore per Londra da qui.

 The outward journey was more enjoyable.


 Il viaggio di andata è stato più gradevole.

 My journey from England to Sicily by train was fascinating.


 Il mio viaggio dall’Inghilterra alla Sicilia è stato affascinante.

 It’s a two hundred kilometre journey to the next big town.


 È un viaggio di duecento kilometri alla prossima grande città.

 Have a safe journey!


 Fai un viaggio tranquillo.

► Esempio di journey come verbo: (da sostituire con travel nella lingua parlata)

 They journeyed across the desert until they came to the sea.
 Hanno viaggiato attraverso il deserto finché non hanno raggiunto il mare.

TRIP

Anche trip è fondamentalmente un sostantivo, almeno per quanto riguarda il contesto sotto esame,
solo che in questo caso ci interessa tutto il viaggio compreso il soggiorno. In un certo senso
potremo dire che è più vicino all’idea di escursione, gita, soggiorno, vacanza, viaggio con uno scopo
specifico. Di solito si tratta di un viaggio che non sia di lunga durata. Vediamo degli esempi tipici
facendo attenzione ai verbi e agli avverbi che vengono spesso abbinati a trip:

 We had a lovely trip to Brighton yesterday.


 Abbiamo fatto una bella gita a Brighton ieri.

 Our trip to New York was a total disaster.


 Il nostro viaggio a New York è stato un totale disastro.

 You can do a day trip to Cambridge from here.


 Puoi fare una gita di un giorno a Cambridge da qui.

 I’m afraid Tom’s on a business trip at the moment.


 Mi dispiace ma Tom è in un viaggio di lavoro al momento.
 They went for a three day trip around the islands.
 Hanno fatto un viaggio di tre giorni attorno alle isole.

 What was your trip to Amsterdam like ?


 Com’è stato il tuo viaggio ad Amsterdam?

 Bob’s Sunday fishing trips were legendary.


 Le battute di pesca domenicali di Bob erano leggendarie.

 The students are going on a field trip to Stonehenge.


 Gli studenti faranno una gita didattica a Stonehenge.

 Why don’t you take a trip on the river this afternoon?


 Perché non fate una gita sul fiume oggi pomeriggio?

 Have a good trip.


 Fate un buon viaggio.

TRAVEL

Travel, invece, è usato quasi esclusivamente come verbo e solo occasionalmente come sostantivo;
significa semplicemente spostarsi da un luogo all’altro. L’errore più comune è quello di usare
travel come sostantivo invece di journey oppure trip. Esistono, però, numerosi sostantivi composti
basati sulla parola travel che vedremo in seguito. Prima vediamo degli esempi tipici del verbo
travel in uso:

 How do you travel to work?


 Come vai al lavoro?

 Bob travels to Spain about three times a year.


 Bob va in Spagna circa tre volte all’anno.

 We’re travelling by plane to London and then by train to Brighton.


 Andremo a Londra con l’aereo e poi col treno a Brighton.

 I’m only taking one bag. I prefer to travel light.


 Porto una borsa sola. Preferisco viaggiare leggero.

 Jane loves travelling in the summer.


 Jane ama viaggiare in estate.

 I’ve only travelled first class once in my life.


 Ho viaggiato in prima classe solo una volta nella mia vita.

 Tom often travels abroad for work.


 Tom viaggia spesso all’estero per lavoro.
 Bob ‘s great-grandfather once travelled on the Orient Express.
 Il bisnonno di Bob ha viaggiato una volta sull’Orient Express.

 We can’t travel tomorrow. There’s a train strike.


 Non possiamo viaggiare domani. C’è uno sciopero dei treni.

 If you’re under 12 years old you can travel free.


 Se hai meno di 12 anni puoi viaggiare gratis.

► Esempi di travel come sostantivo:

 He wrote a book about his travels in Africa.


 Egli ha scritto in libro dei suoi viaggi in Africa.

 Air travel is much cheaper now than before.


 Viaggiare in aereo è molto più economico adesso che prima.

 Bob loves good food and travel


 Bob ama il buon cibo e viaggiare.

 Travel agency = agenzia di viaggi


 Travel agent = agente di viaggi
 Travel arrangements = piano di viaggio
 Travel clock = orologio da viaggio
 Travel companion = compagno di viaggio
 Travel expenses = spese di viaggio
 Travel guide = guida turistica (persona/libro)
 Travel sickness = nausea causato dal mezzo di trasporto
 Travel time = tempo di tragitto
 Travel documents= documenti da viaggio
 Travel tickets=biglietti da viaggio
 Travel brochures=riviste da viaggio
 Business travel=viaggio d’affari

Altri sostantivi sono:

expedition--spedizione scientifica, alla scoperta di qualcosa


cruise--------crociera, fare una crociera (verbo e nome)
voyage------viaggio in mare o nello spazio (obsoleto oggi)
tour---------tour
crossing----traversata in mare
excursion--escursione
Tiring journey
Return journey
Outward journey
Overnight journey
Journey (a journey is one single piece of travel)

Business trip
Day trip
Boat trip
Safe journey
Round trip
To go on trips

In-flight entertainment
In-flight magazine
Fasten your seatbelts
To board a plane
Connecting flight
Domestic flights
International flights
Window seat
Aisle seat
Charter flight (non soggetto ad una programmazione oraria sistematica, diversamente da quanto
avviene per i voli di linea, spesso noleggiato)
Scheduled flight (volo regolare di una compagnia aerea)

Smooth flight
Bumpy flight

Family-run hotel
Run-down hotel
Luxury hotel
Smart hotel
Budget accommodation (pl. accomodations in USA, ma uncountable quindi senza articolo
indeterminativo in UK)

Make a reservation
Fully booked hotels/resorts

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