SHS

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 - Module 7:
Evolution of Philippine
Politics and Governance
Philippine Politics and Governance – SHS Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Week 7
Module 7: Evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of
such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Schools Division Superintendent: Loida N. Nidea
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Susan S. Collano
Education Program Supervisor: Mariben D. Berja

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jose Diovanni B. Oliveros, Nabua NHS, Camarines Sur .

Language Editor: Mary Grace E. Caceres, Pamplona NHS, Camarines Sur

Editor: Patricia Joanna L. Botardo, San Fernando NHS, Camarines Sur

Reviewer: Don B. Bañaga, Bonifacio D. Borebor Sr. HS, Camarines Sur

Mariben D. Berja, SDO Camarines Sur

Illustrators: Evan Lee P. Leonem, Milaor CS, Camarines Sur

Alvin G. Alejandro,Ysiro ES,SDO Antipolo City
Abegael S. Arindaeng, Dalipay HS, Camarines Sur

Layout Artist: Celso T. Tambis Jr., San Antonio, Camarines Sur

 “History is not everything, but it is a starting point. History is a
clock that people use to tell their political and cultural time of day. It is a
compass they use to find themselves on the map of human geography.
It tells them where they are but, more importantly, what they must be.”
(John Henrik Clarke)

This module will broaden your understanding as a future

educator and leader because it contains a discussion on how the
politics and governance in the country evolve from pre-colonial to the
present form of political system and governance.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and governance;

(HUMSS_PG12 IB-C-7)

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Analyze the present politics and governance in light of the past;

2. Evaluate the good and bad effects of colonization in one’s life; and
3. Demonstrate understanding on the progress of Philippine Politics
and Governance

Since you already knew our target for this module, are you ready to learn more?
I hope that you will enjoy all the activities and reading materials we prepared for you.
Good luck and happy learning to you.
 ALCADIA Little governor

ALIPIN Slave

BALANGAY A barangay; the smallest administrative district in the

Philippines.

BILL A draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment.

CABEZA de Leader of the barangay.

BARANGAY

DATU or RAJA Chief executive, law giver, and military head of balangay.

FRAILOCRACY Rule of the friars

GOBERNADOR- Provinces
CILLO

MAHARLIKA Noble; the feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society.

POWER The ability or right to control people or things.

PUEBLOS Towns

TIMAWA Freemen; the feudal warrior class in ancient Visayan

society.

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DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer to the following questions/statements below.
Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What kind of government the early Filipinos had?

A. Tribe C. Barangay
B. Balangay D. Capitolyo

2. The following are the three social classes during the pre-Spanish government,
EXCEPT
A. Ilustrado C. Alipin
B. Timawa D. Maharlika

3. The chief executive, lawgiver, and the chief judge of the early government in
the Philippines.
A. Cabeza de barangay C. Barangay Captain
B. Chief Tanod D. Datu or Raja

4. For how many years did Spanish rule last in the Philippines?
A. 300 years C. 333 years
B. 30 years D. 313 years

5. Which of the following was the Republic created by Gen. Aguinaldo, its aim
was separation from Spain and the formation of the Philippines as an
independent state.
A. Biak-Na-Bato C. Malolos
B. Commonwealth D. Third Republic

6. A man who is educated because of his knowledge gained from books.

A. Ilustrado C. Maharlika
B. Clergyman D. Scholar

7. He proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898, at his home.

A. Roxas C. Laurel
B. Quezon D. Aguinaldo

8. Which among the colonizers granted Philippine independence on July 04,

1898?
A. Spaniard C. Americans
B. Japanese D. None of the above

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 9. In this place, the first mass was held and declared as the National Shrine of
Christianity in the Philippines.
A. Barasoain, Malolos C. Manila Cathedral
B. Magallanes, Limasawa D. Daraga, Albay

10. Which type of government has established the transition toward

independence?
A. Third Republic C. Biak–na-Bato Republic
B. Puppet Government D. Commonwealth government

LET’S CHECK THE RESULT

RATING LEVEL
EXCELLENT!
10 - 8 Congratulations! You can proceed to the next page and
continue to learn the lesson.
BETTER! You can go back to those lessons that you’ve
7-5 missed and continue.
VERY GOOD!
4-3 You can improve your knowledge and continue to learn the
next lesson.
NEEDS IMPROVEMENT!
2-0 This module will help you to learn better with the new lesson.
You can do it. Let’s open the next page

Can you still recall our previous lesson? What have you learned from it?
Can you share it?

TASK NO. 1: REMEMBER ME

DIRECTIONS: Completely fill out the DATA RETRIEVAL CHART to review your
lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper in writing your answers.

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 LESSON DISCUSSED LESSON LEARNED INSIGHTS GAINED

1,

2.

3.

4.

5.

TASK NO. 2: CONCEPT MAPPING

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to analyze the present politics and governance in light of
the past. In this activity, think of the concept of politics and governance. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Politics and
Governance

Great job ! You are ready for this week’s lesson! I know that you are so
excited to learn more especially our new lessons in this module. Since
you are now ready to face new tasks in this module, I hope that you will
enjoy all amazing activities we prepared for you. GODD LUCK !

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TASK NO. 3: READ AND ANALYZE

LESSON 1: EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND

GOVERNANCE

I. The Political History of the Philippines.

During the Pre-colonial era, the early Filipinos had a government,

and it was split into numerous barangays, which they called
“balangay.” The leader or head is called a Datu or Rajah, who rose
to fame either by birth or by valor and feats achieved in war. The Datu
or Rajah was the chief executive, lawgiver, chief judge, and military
head, and it is assisted by elders in the community. This balangay
made peace, traded, and had good relations with each other. There
were three social classes at that time, namely: the Maharlika, the
Timawas, and the Alipin. The
Datu or Rajah came from the
Maharlika.

A. Philippine - Spanish Era (1521-1898)

THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
During the Spanish Era, the Philippines was SOURCE:https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=precolonial-period.
governed indirectly by the King of Spain through the Retrieved on August 10, 2020

Viceroy of Mexico. The government was centralized.

The national government was headed by a Spanish governor-general (representative
of the King of Spain or Little King in the Philippines. Under Spanish rule, locals had no
political participation. The ruling class in the pre-
Spanish era was powerless, which resulted in the
occurrence of several revolts against Spain. There
was a union of church and state; frailocracy (rule of
the friars) existed, thus overpowering the
Governor-General, but all of them did not prosper.
To restore the Philippine representation to the
Spanish Cortes was one of the grievances of
FIRST MASS in the PhILIPPINES
SOURCE: Ilustrados. The Ilustrados campaigned that Filipinos
https://salirickandres.altervista.org/spanish-
period/. should be included in running the government.
Retrieved on August 10, 2020 Another group led by Andres Bonifacio, the

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Katipunan, advocated for complete Philippine independence, but it was discovered by
the Spanish officials, and the Philippine revolution started in 1896. Andres Bonifacio,
who was then the leader of the Katipunan, upon his death, the control of Katipunan
was passed to Emilio Aguinaldo, as President of the Tejeros, Convention. The Biak –
na-Bato Republic was created by Emilio Aguinaldo. Its aim was separation from Spain
and the independence of the Philippines. The Spaniards and revolutionaries signed
the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which provided for Aguinaldo’s surrender and exile to
Hongkong. When the Americans in 1898 defeated the Spaniards in what was called a
mock battle in Manila and took control of the city, Aguinaldo proclaimed the
independence of the Philippines on June 12, 1898, at his home in Cavite.

B. Philippine-American Era (1898-1946 )

The Americans started the military rule in the Philippines on August 14, 1898.
The President of the United States delegated his authority to the military governor,
who exercised all powers of the government. If, during the Spanish era, Filipinos were
powerless in running the government, the Americans gave Filipinos limited self-
government at the local level by 1901. The Philippine Organic Act passed by
Americans introduced a national government in 1902, and an election to the Philippine
Assembly was held. The assembly was held
predominantly dominated by Nacionalista
Party led by Sergio Osmeña. The Americans
controlled the Philippine Commission, the
upper of the Philippine Legislature. The
Nacionalista Party dominated the Philippine
Assembly, and later the Philippine Senate,
which was created by Jones Law – the
fundamental law of the land vesting the
legislative power in all-Filipino lawmaking PROCLAMATION OF PHIL. INDEPENDENCE in
Kawit, Cavite.
body composed of the Philippine Senate and SOURCE:
House of Representatives, replaced the https://www.slideshare.net/abigailcabanzadayrit/americ
an-period-55340382.
Philippine Commission wherein it was the Retrieved on August 10, 2020
sole lawmaking body of the government and
eventually became the upper house of the Philippine Assembly. Then, the
Nacionalistas were split into camps, those loyal to Osmeña and those loyal to Senate
President Manuel Quezon. There were several missions sent to Washington; the
OsRox mission led by Osmeña and Quezon resulted in the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act.
But the Senate rejected this; a new law, the Tydings-McDuffie Act, is different,
important, and supported by Quezon, paved the way for the Commonwealth of the
Philippines. When Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the President in 1935, the
Nacionalistas controlled the unicameral National Assembly, which is for the entirety of
the Commonwealth, with the understanding that the Americans would grant
independence shortly.

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 C. Commonwealth Government (1935- 1946 )

The Commonwealth Government is a form of government in the transition

toward independence. It was a 10-year period of transition, after which the Philippine
Independence would be proclaimed and established. The first national election was
held on September 12, 1935. The president was Manuel L. Quezon, and the Vice
President was Sergio Osmeña. This was inaugurated on November 15, 1935.

D. Philippine-Japanese Era (1941-1945 )

The government under Japanese occupation was established in Manila. A civil

government called the Philippine Executive
Commission was established. The Japanese
invasion of 1941, the ultimate source of
authority, was the Japanese administrator.
During WWII, granting independence was
delayed. The Commonwealth government,
after going into exile, the country was subjected
to a puppet government. The KALIBAPI, the
sole and legal political party, declared Jose P BATAAN DEATH MARCH
SOURCE:http://philippineie.weebly.com/history.ht
Laurel as the President of the Second ml/Japanese Era.
Philippine Republic. The KALIBAPI Retrieved, August 10, 2020

government espoused anti-American

sentiment. KALIBAPI government of Laurel refused to declare war on the U.S.
However, the Americans reconquered the country in 1944. Osmeña succeeded
Quezon upon the latter’s death and restored the Commonwealth government. The
meeting of a bicameral Commonwealth Congress occurred. In the 1946 presidential
election, Manuel Roxas won and became the last president of the Commonwealth; the
Americas agreed to grant independence on July 4, 1946.

The practice tasks you will encounter in this module will

be adaptive to different learning modalities ( modular, online,
face-to-face, and blended). The teacher and the learner are
given the freedom to choose from different activities, whatever
is suitable, available, and accessible in your certain place.

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TASK NO. 4: ESSAY

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to analyze the present politics and

governance in light of the past. In this part, you will write an essay
analyzing the present politics and governance in light of the past.
Write your essay in a separate sheet of paper.

Rubrics for Essay.

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

CRITERIA ( 4 pts ) ( 3 pts ) ( 2 pts ) ( 1 pt ) SCORE
The author’s The author’s The author’s The author’s
Content position is position is position is position
strong and stated vague on its cannot be
clearly stated sense found in any
part of the
paper
-Very -Somewhat -Gives some -Gives no
Organization informative and informative new information
of Thought well organized. and organized. information and very
but poorly poorly
organized. organized.
-Virtually no -Few spelling - Some -So many
Grammar and spelling, and spelling, spelling,
Presentation punctuation, or punctuation punctuation, punctuation,
grammatical errors, minor or and
error. grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors. errors. errors that it
interferes
with the
meaning.

Score Numerical Rating Adjectival Rating

12 100%
11 96% Excellent
10 92%
9 88% Very good
8 84%
7 80% Good
6 76%

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 5 72% Fair
4 68%
3 64%
2 62% Needs Improvement
1 60%

TASK NO. 5: HISTORICAL TIMELINE

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to evaluate the good and bad effects of

colonization in one’s life. In this part, you will write a historical
timeline stating forth the significant events which transpired from
the pre-colonial era to the present form of government. Use the
table as your guide. Write your timeline in one whole sheet of paper.

Colonialism Timeline Good and Bad Effects of Colonization

1.Spanish

2.American

3.Japanese

Rubrics for Historical Timeline.

Needs
Excellent Good Satisfactory
Improvement
CRITERIA (4 points) (3 points) (2 points) SCORE
(1 point)
All historical Almost all Most of the Very little of the
information historical historical historical
Historical appears to be appears to information is information is
Accuracy accurate. be accurate. accurate. accurate.

The student The student The student Student

includes more includes all includes most includes less
Required information information information information than
Elements than was that was that was was required.
required. required. required.

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 Can clearly Can clearly Can briefly Cannot explain
explain explain explain the any significant
Knowledge several things several impact on life, details during
Gained and can things and leaving some the timeline.
provide an can explain important
impact on life the impact influences or
during the on life but details out.
timeline. does not do
both.

Score Numerical Rating Adjectival Rating

12 100%
11 96% Excellent
10 92%
9 88% Very good
8 84%
7 80% Good
6 76%
5 72% Fair
4 68%
3 64%
2 62% Needs Improvement
1 60%

TASK NO. 6: FAMILY RESISTANCE HISTORY TREE

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to demonstrate an understanding of the

progress of Philippine Politics and Governance. In this part, you will make
a poster of the family tree based on your relatives who revolted against
the Spaniards, Japanese, and Americans. Discuss how and why they
revolted against these colonizers. Write your diagram on a piece of a
coupon bond.
My Family Tree

YOU

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Assessment Rubric for the Family Tree

Excellent Good Fair Needs to

CRITERIA (4 points) (3 points) (2 points) improve SCORE
(1 point)
The poster All required All but 1 of Several
Required includes all elements are the required required
Elements required included on elements are elements
elements as the poster. included on were
well as the poster. missing.
additional
information.
Organization The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally acceptably distractingly
attractive in attractive messy or
terms of design, though it may very poorly
layout, and be a bit designed. It
neatness. It is messy. is not
easy to Maybe attractive.
understand and unorganized
follow. and hard to
follow.
Several of the One or two of The graphics No graphics
Creativity graphics used the graphic are made by made by the
on the poster used on the the student students are
reflect an poster reflect but are included.
exceptional student based on the
degree of creativity in designs or
student their creation ideas of
creativity in their and/or display. others.
creation and/or
display.
Shows a full Shows a good Shows a Does not
Presentation understanding understanding good seem to
Content of the topic. of the topic. understandin understand
Addresses two Addresses g of the parts the topic very
members of the two members of the topic. well. Does
family and extra of the family Speaks not know
stories or facts. and their about a information
stories. member of about family
the family. or failed to
do research.

Score Numerical Rating Adjectival Rating

12 100%
11 96% Excellent
10 92%

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 9 88% Very good
8 84%
7 80% Good
6 76%
5 72% Fair
4 68%
3 64%
2 62% Needs Improvement
1 60%

TAKE NOTE:

1. The early form of government during the pre-colonial era is “balangay”.

2. There are three social classes in the pre-colonial era: Maharlika

( Nobles ), Timawa ( Freemen ), and Alipin ( Slaves).

3. The politics and governance of the Philippines evolved from pre-

colonial to Spanish Era, American Era, Commonwealth Government, and
Japanese Era.

4. The Filipino Revolutionary leaders had significant roles in fighting for

our independence.

5. The participation of the US to the Philippines is still present until now.

6. The historic places and events during colonial period are well-recorded.

7. The eagerness and bravery of our Filipino heroes in protecting our

country against the colonizers though we did not have much is felt in the
hearts of Filipinos.

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TASK NO. 7: WRITING AN ARTICLE

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to demonstrate an understanding of the progress of

Philippine Politics and Governance. In this activity, you will write an article about the
following revolutionary leaders by citing their accomplishments and contributions to
the Filipinos and the country as a whole. Write your answers in a separate sheet of
paper.
A. Emilio Aguinaldo
B. Andres Bonifacio
C. Jose Rizal

Rubrics for Writing an Article.

Expert Accomplishe Capable Beginner

CRITERIA ( 4 pts ) d ( 2 pts ) ( 1 pt ) SCOR
( 3 pts ) E
The The author’s The The
author’s position is author’s author’s
Content position is stated position is position
strong and vague on its cannot be
clearly sense found in any
stated part of the
paper

-Very -Somewhat -Gives -Gives no

informative informative some new information
Organizatio and well and organized. information and very
n of organized. but poorly poorly
Thought organized. organized.

-Virtually no -Few spelling - Several -So many

spelling, and spelling, spelling,
Grammar punctuation punctuation punctuation punctuation
and , or errors, minor , or , and
Presentatio grammatica grammatical grammatica grammatica
n l error. errors. l errors. l errors that
it interferes
with the
meaning.

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 Score Numerical Rating Adjectival Rating
12 100%
11 96% Excellent
10 92%
9 88% Very good
8 84%
7 80% Good
6 76%
5 72% Fair
4 68%
3 64%
2 62% Needs Improvement
1 60%

DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer to the following questions/statements below.

Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statement is NOT true about a Datu or Rajah?

A. The Datu or Rajah is a lawgiver
B. The Datu or Rajah is a chief executive
C. The Datu or Rajah is a counselor
D. The Datu or Rajah is a military head

2. Which of the following is/are the objectives of Katipunan? Why was it founded?
A. To completely separate the Philippines from Spain.
B. To teach Filipinos good manners, like cleanliness, hygiene, etc.
C. To encourage Filipinos to help themselves and to defend the poor.
D. All of the above

3. What do you call the Fascist Filipino political party that served as the sole party of
state during the Japanese occupation?
A. Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon ( HUKBALAHAP)
B. Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas ( KALIBAPI )
C. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan.
(KKK)
D. None of the above

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4. In 1935-1946, the Commonwealth government was founded under Manuel L.
Quezon's administration. Commonwealth means;
A. Political community founded for the common good.
B. It is synonymous with a republic.
C. It is for public welfare, general good, or advantage.
D. All of the above

5. They were Americans and Filipino prisoners of war, who were forced to transfer by
the Imperial Japanese Army to Bataan.
A. Bataan Death March C. Filipino Guerilla
B. American and Filipino Refugees D. None of the above
6. Which one is a significant influence of Americans in the Philippines?
A. Caused great marks of colonial mentality
B. Education, the introduction of school and public school system
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

7. Which of the following statement is NOT the reason why was the Philippines was
easily conquered by Spain?
A. Filipinos have no unity.
B. Indios were not discriminated against in their land.
C. Because of the divided tribes.
D There was no established government.

8. Where was the Spice Islands that the Spaniards are looking for?
A. Indonesia C. Philippines
B. Portugal D. Mexico

9. What is the importance of the Philippine Organic Act of 1902?

A. It authorized two Filipino resident commissioners to represent the
Philippine government in the U.S. Congress.
B. It established civilian control.
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

10. The law which became the fundamental law for the Philippines vested the
legislative power in an all Filipino lawmaking body, which is composed of the Senate
and the House of Representatives.
A. Tydings McDuffie Law C. Constitution
B. Jones Law D. Military Law

LET’S CHECK THE RESULT

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 RATING LEVEL

EXCELLENT!
10 - 8 Congratulations! You can proceed to the next page and
continue to learn the lesson.
BETTER!
7-5 You can go back to those lessons that you’ve missed and
continue.
VERY GOOD!
4-3 You can improve your knowledge and continue to learn the
next lesson.
2-0 NEEDS IMPROVEMENT!
This module will help you to learn better with the new lesson.
You can do it. Let’s open the next page.

TASK NO. 8: FIVE-MINUTE PAPER

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to write your reaction to the statement below. Write your
answer in one whole sheet of paper.
“What were the changes that you observed from the Spanish colonial
government to our present government?”

RUBRICS FOR FIVE - MINUTE PAPER

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 Excellent Good Fair Poor SCOR
( 4 pts) ( 3 pts) ( 2 pts) ( 1 pt ) E
Content is Content is Content is not Content is
comprehensiv accurate and comprehensive incomplete
Content e, accurate, persuasive. or accurate. The major
( 4 points ) and The content Content is points are not
persuasive is clear. inconsistent. clear.
Content is
clear

-The -Organization -Organization Organization

organization of is mostly is not easy to detracts from
Organization the paper is clear and follow. the message
of Thought clear and easy easy to -The of the writer.
( 4 points ) to follow. follow. conclusion is -Lack of
-The - The missing. thoughts.
conclusion is conclusion is
logical. logical.
-Rules of -Rules of -Paper -Paper
Grammar grammar, grammar, contains few contains
and usage, and usage, and grammatical, numerous
Presentation punctuation punctuation punctuation, grammatical,
( 4 points ) are followed; are followed and spelling punctuation,
spelling is by minor errors. and spelling
correct. errors. errors.
TOTAL

Score Numerical Rating Adjectival Rating

12 100%
11 96% Excellent
10 92%
9 88% Very good
8 84%
7 80% Good
6 76%
5 72% Fair
4 68%
3 64%
2 62% Needs Improvement
1 60%

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 PRE-TEST POST-TEST
1. B 6. A 1. C 6. C
2. A 7. D 2. D 7. B
3. D 8. C 3. B 8. A
4. C 9. B 4. D 9. C
5. A 10. D 5. A 10. B

TASK NO. 1 REMEMBER ME– Answer may vary

TASK NO. 2 CONCEPT MAPPING– Answer may vary
TASK NO. 4 ESSAY – Answer may vary
TASK NO. 5 HISTORICAL TIMELINE-Answer may vary
TASK NO. 6 FAMILY RESISTANCE HISTORY TREE –Answer may vary
TASK NO. 7 WRITING AN ARTICLE –Answer may vary
TASK NO .8 FIVE MINUTES PAPER – Answer may vary

DICTIONARY

BALANGAY.https:www.wiktionary.com/dictionary/balangay.Accessed on August 10,

2020
BILL. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/environment. Accessed on
August 10, 2020
MAHARLIKA.https:www.wiktionary.com/dictionary/maharlika. Accessed on August
10, 2020
POWER. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/power. Accessed on August
10, 2020
TIMAWA.https:www.wiktionary.com/dictionary/timawa. Accessed on August 10,
2020

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ARTICLES

ALCADIA. https.//en.m.wikipedia.org.wiki./alcadia. Accessed on August 10, 2020

ALIPIN. https.//en.m.wikipedia.org.wiki./alipin. Accessed on August 10, 2020
CABEZA de BARANGAY. https.//en.m.wikipedia.org.wiki./cabeza de barangay.
Accessed on August 10, 2020
FRAILOCRACY. https.//en.m.wikipedia.org.wiki./frailocracy. Accessed on August 10,
2020
GOBERNADORCILLO. https.//en.m.wikipedia.org.wiki./gobernadorcillo. Accessed
on August 10, 2020
PUEBLOS. https.//en.m.wikipedia.org.wiki./pueblos Accessed on August 10, 2020

PICTURES

AMERICAN ERA..Proclamation of Philippine Indepedence in Kawit, Cavite.

https://www.slideshare.net/abigailcabanzadayrit/american-period-55340382
Retrieved on August 10, 2020
JAPANESE ERA..Bataan Death March
http://philippineie.weebly.com/history.html/Japanese Era. Retrieved on August 10,
2020
PRE-COLONIAL.Pre-Colonial Period. https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?.Retrieved on August 10, 2020

SPANISH ERA. First Mass in Philippines

https://salirickandres.altervista.org/spanish-period/ Retrieved on August 10, 2020

For inquiries or comments, please contact

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