Controlling Class 12 Cbse Notes
Controlling Class 12 Cbse Notes
2. Pervasive:
3. Continuous:
6. Depends on planning:
7. Action oriented*:
6. Depends on planning:
It pre supposes existence of planning
because without planning no control is
possible.
7. Action oriented*:
Control has no meaning if no corrective
action is taken; So timely action should be
taken to prevent deviations.
8. Primary Function of Management* –
controlling is performed at all levels and in all
types of organizations.
9. Brings back management cycle back to
planning:* Control should not be viewed as
the last function. In fact it links back to
planning. Controlling involves
Planning and controlling are interrelated and in
fact reinforce each other in the sense that-
1. Planning is pre-requisite for controlling. Plans
provide the standard for controlling. Thus, without
planning, controlling is blind. If the standards are
not set in advance managers have nothing to
control.
2. Planning is meaningless without controlling. It is
fruitful when control is exercised. It discovers
deviations and initiates corrective measures.
3. Effectiveness of planning can be measured
with the help of controlling.
1. Setting Performance Standards:
2. Measurement of Actual
Performance:
4. Analysing Deviations:
4. Costly:
1. Difficulty in setting quantitative
standards:
Control system loses its effectiveness when
standards of performance cannot be defined
in quantitative terms. This makes comparison
with standards a difficult task.
e.g areas like human behaviour, employee
morale, job satisfaction cannot be measured
quantitatively.
2. Little control on external factors:
An enterprise cannot control external factors
like government policies, technological
changes, competition. etc.
3. Resistance from employees:
Control is resisted by the employees as they
feel that their freedom is restricted.
E.g employees may resist and go against the
use of cameras to observe them minutely.
4. Costly:
Control involves a lot of expenditure, time and
effort. A small enterprise cannot afford to install
an expensive control system.
Managers must ensure that the cost of installing
and operating a control system should not
exceed the benefits derived from it.