ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 8 AL/2021/01-S-II

fuu m%Yak m;%fha iïmQ¾K whs;sh iqim s ja ka Wiia wOHdmk ^fm!oa& iud.u i;= jk w;r fuu m%Yak m;%fha wka;¾.;
lsij
s la bf,lafg%dakslj" hdka;%slj fyda Pdhd msgm;a lsÍu yd .nvd lr ;eîu imqrd ;ykï fõ' tfia l<fyd;a Bg
úreoaOj wm iud.fï kS;s wxYh u`.ska kS;suh mshjr .kq ,nhs

2021 fkdjeïn¾
2021
November 2021

13

B fldgi – rpkd
f;dard.;a m%Yak 04 lg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'
[ g = 10Nkg-1 ]

5. .=jfka§ .=jka hdkd ;=< isÿ jk ld¾ñl fodaI;a .=jka hdkd fj; t,a, jk ;%ia; m%ydr;a fya;=fjka isÿjk
.=jka wk;=re fya;=fjka uE; ld,fha§ ñksia Ôú; rdYshla wysñ úh' .=jka u.Skaf.a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lr
.ekSug .=jka hdkd iud.ïj,g fkdyels ùu fya;=fjka miq.sh jir fol ;=,§ iajlSh m%jdyk lghq;=
i`oyd mqoa.,hska úiska .=jka jdr Ndú;h 20] lska muK my; jeà we;' fuu fþoh ;=< úia;r lr we;af;a
.=jka hdkhl isÿjk ld¾ñl fodaIhlska fyda ;%ia; m%ydrhla fya;=fjka .=jka u.Skaf.a Ôú; wdrlaId lr
.ekSu i`oyd .=jka hdkhl Ndú; l< yels ;dlaIksl Wmdh ud¾.hls'

(a) rEmh (b) rEmh (c) rEmh

fuys§ .=jka hdkh (a) rEmfha olajd we;s wdldrhg fldgia follska ks¾udKh lrkq ,nhs' .=jka hdkd
tkaðu mshdm;a tla fldgilska iukaú; jk w;r u`.Ska iys; NdKav /f.k hk fldgi ;j;a fldgilska
iukaú; fõ' m<uq fldgig fojk fldgi .=jka f;dgqmf,a§ .=jka hdkhg iú lrk w;r yÈis wjia:djl§
iajhxlS%hj .=jka hdkfha m<uq fldgiska fojk fldgi fjka lrkq ,nhs' u`.ska iys; fuu fldgi .=jka
hdkfhka fjka ùfuka wk;=rej wjldYh ;=< my<g jeàfï§ fojk (b) rEmfha olajd we;s wdldrhg
iajhxlS%hj È. yefrk jd; neÆk follska tu fldgi iukaú; fõ' u`.Ska iys; fuu fldgi f.dvìula
fj; ,`.d jqjfyd;a iajhxlS hj l%shd;aul jk mäfm,j,a wdOdrfhka u.Skag neihdug;a" c,dYhla fj;
,`.djqjfyd;a my<ska iajhxl%Shj È.yefrk neÆkhla u`.ska tu c,dYh u; md lsÍu;a isÿ lrhs' fï
wdldrhg .=jka u`.Skaf.a Ôú; wdrlaId lr .ekSug l%ufõohla ilia lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'
(a) (i) fï wdldrhg ilia lrk ,o .=jka hdkhl
m<uq fldgfia ialkaOh 0.375 105 kg jk
w;r u`.Ska iys; fldgfia ialkaOh
1.2 105 kg fõ' rEmfha olajd we;af;a fuu
.=jka hdkh ksi, jd;h ;=< bÈßhg .uka
lrk úg§ .=jka hdkfha ;gqjlg idfmalaIj
wkdl+, jd; m%jdyfha iajNdjhhs'
ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 9 AL/2021/01-S-II

tys A1/A2 wkqmd;h 1.5 la fõ' fuu .=jka hdkfha tla tla mshdm;l lafIa;%M,h 40m 2
la kï jd;fha >k;ajh 1.4kgm3 jk úg§ mshdm; ;sriaj mj;skafka hehs i,ld .=jka
hdkh .=jka m:hl hka;ñka by<g Tijd .ekSu i`oyd mej;sh hq;= wju m%fõ.h .Kkh
lrkak' wod, n,h .=jka hdkh u; nZkQ,s wdprKfhka muKla we;s jkafka hehs
i,lkak'
(ii) .=jka hdkhg .=jka m:h u;§ ,nd.; yels Wmßu ;ajrKh 3.75ms 2 la kï fuu .=jka
hdkh .=jka.; lr .ekSu i`oyd .=jka m:fha ;sìh hq;= wju È. .Kkh lrkak' .=jka
hdkh ksYap,;djfhka p,s;h wdrïN lr ksh; ;ajrKfhka p,s; jkafka hehs i,lkak'
(b) .=jka hdkh .=jka .; ù we;s úg§ ;gqjla u; t,a, jk ;%ia; m%ydrhla fya;=fjka .=jka hdkfha
u`.Ska iys; fldgi wdrlaIs;j fjka fõ' fjka jk úg fuu fldgig ;sriaj 540kmh1 m%fõ.hla
we;s w;r th fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg 2000m la by<ska ;sriaj mshdir lrñka mj;S'
(i) hï fyhlska by; jdhq neÆk Wml%uh l%shd;aul fkdjQfha kï jd; m%;sfrdaOh fkdi,ld
yßñka fuu fldgi fmdf<dj u; .efgk m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'
(ii) u.Ska iys; fldgi .=jka hdkfhka fjka ùfuka wk;=rej neÆk È. yeÍug m%:u .=jka
hdkd fldgi 320m ÿrla .=re;ajh hgf;a jefgk w;r bka wk;=rej neÆka È. yer
fmdf<djg ,`.d jk úg§ u`.ska iys; fldgfia isria m%fõ.h Y+kHh olajd wvq lr .; hq;=
fõ' fuys§ neÆk u`.ska u`.Ska iys; fldgi u; ,nd Èh hq;= isria ukaokh;a" tla
neÆkhlska u`.Ska iys; .=jka hdkd fldgi u; we;s l< hq;= n,h;a .Kkh lrkak'
(iii) fuys§ wod, ld,h ;=<§ neÆkhla u; n,mdk ÿiai%dú;d n,fha idudkH w.h 110 000N
o by<§ jd;fha >k;ajh 1.25kgm3 jk úg§ tla neÆkhl mßudj fldmuK úh hq;=o
hkak .Kkh lrkak'
(c) fuys§ u`.Ska iys; .=jka hdkd fldgig ;sriaj ,efnk m%fõ.h fmdf<dj fj; ,`.d ùug m%:u
Y+kH lr .; hq;=h' hdkh fmdf<dj fj; ,`.dùug .; jk ld,h wdikakj 50s f,i f.k fuu
ukaokh fuu rEmfha olajd we;s wdldrfha msgqmig È. yefrk neÆkhlska ,nd fokafka kï tu
neÆkfhka u`.Ska iys; hdkd fldgi u; ;sriaj fhÈh hq;= n,h .Kkh lrkak' msmsÍu isÿ jQ
fudfydf;au fuu neÆkh È. yefrk nj Wml,amkh lrkak'
(d) hï fyhlska fuu u`.Ska iys; .=jka hdkd fldgi c,dYhla fj; m;s; jQfha kï fuu fldgi
hka;ñkaj;a fkd.sf,k wdldrhg c,h u; md lr .ekSu i`oyd ;=kajk rEmfha (c) ±lafjk
wdldrhg msïìh hq;= ne¨kfha wju mßudj .Kkh lrkak' ^c,fha >k;ajh 1200kgm3 la fõ')

T
6. (a) we`È ;ka;=jl ;S¾hla ;rx. m%fõ.h V  u`.skao >k udOHhla ;=< wkajdhdu ;rx. m%fõ.h
m
E
V u`.skao ,nd foa'

(i) by; iólrKj, ±lafjk T , m, E iy  hk
ixfla; y`ÿkajkak'
(ii) by; iólrK 2 udk jYfhka ksjerÈ nj fmkajkak'
(b) jdfka lïìhl fl<jrla wp, ì;a;shlg iïnkaO lr
lïìh ;sriaj ;nd wfkla fl<jr iqug lmamshla u;ska
mkakd thg 0.72kg Ndrhla iïnkaO lr we;' A iy B fia;=
u`.ska lïìfha lïmk È. úp,kh l< yel' AB = 40cm jk mßÈ fia;= ;nd lïìh ueog
wdikakj pqïnl O%ej 2la ;nd lïìh Èf.a m%;Hdj¾; Odrdjla .,d hdug i,iajk ,§'
fuu wjia:dfõ§ lïìh mqvq 4 la iys;j lïmkh úh'
(i) lïìfha we;sjk ;S¾hla ;rx. m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'
lïìfha yrialv j¾.M,h = 8 102 cm2
jdfkaj, >k;ajh = 9 103 kgm3
(ii) m%;Hdj¾; Odrdfõ ixLHd;h .Kkh lrkak'
(iii) lïìfha uQ,sl lïmk ixLHd;h .Kkh lrkak'
(iv) wk;=rej pqïnl O%ej bj;a lr lïìh tys uQ,sl iajrfhka iriq,la iu`. lïmkh l< úg
wkqkdo úh' wk;=rej AB mr;rh 40.2cm olajd jeä lrk ,§'
±ka lïìh uq,a iriq, iu`. uQ,slfhka lïmkh l< úg we;sjk kq.eiqï ixLHd;h
.Kkh lrkak'
ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 10 AL/2021/01-S-II

(c) (i) rEmfha olajd we;af;a jdfka lïìfhka fldgila

jD;a;dldr o`.rhla f,i kud ixLHd; cklhla yd
lïmk m%Njhla u`.ska lïì o`.rh lïmkhg ,la l<
yels wdldrhhs' ixLHd; cklfhys f(Hz) fmkakqï lrk
úg lïì o`.rfhys Wmßu úia;drh we;s mqvq (n)
ixLHdjla ±l.; yelsh' lïìfhys we;sjk ;S¾hla ;rx.
4 r f
m%fõ.h V  nj fmkajkak'
n
(ii) Wmßu úia;drhla iys; mqvq 6la ±l .; yels úg ixLHd; cklh 120Hz fmkakqï lrhs kï
;rx. m%fõ.h lSho@ ixLHd; cklfhys w.h ;jÿrg;a jeälrf.k hdfï§ Wmßu
úia:drh ,efnk wdikak;u B<`. ixLHd; fol .Kkh lrkak' (   3 f,i i,lkak')
(iii) by; jdfka lïìh ;sriaj weo we;s wjia:djl th Èf.a ;S¾hla yd wkajdhdu ;rx. we;s
lrkq ,efí' tajdfhys m%fõ. iudk ùug lïìhg ,nd Èh hq;= wd;;sh .Kkh lrkak'
fujeks wjia:djla m%dfhda.slj ,nd.; yelso@ meyeÈ,s lrkak' ^jdfkaj, hxudmdxlh
2  1011 Nm 2 f,i i,lkak'&

7. wêl kshÕ iys; ld, j,§ c,h j.d lghq;= i|yd m%N, f,i iSudldÍ jk neúka j.djkag c,h fh§fï§
fnfyúka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ' tys§ c,h fNda. u;g fyda uq, wdikakhg biSu isÿlsÍfï§ úh,s ld,hka
j, mj;sk b;d wvq idfmalaI wd¾ø;dj;a úh,s mi;a ksid Ydlhg fhdok c,h wjfYdaIKh lsÍfï
M,odhS;djh fnfyúka wvq fõ' óg jvd;au .e,fmk l%fudamdhla f,i laIqø c, iïmdokh ye£kaúh yel'
ieliqï l< k, moaO;shla Wmfhda.S lrf.k fNda.fha ffoksl wjYH;djg muKla iß,k laIqø c,
mßudjla mfia iSñ; mßudjlg mSvkhla hgf;a iemhSu laIqø c, iïmdokhhs' fuu laIqø c, mßudj fNda.
uQ, uKav,h l,dmhg muKla ,nd §u fuys úfYaI lreKls' fNda.fha m%Yia: $ Wmßu j¾Okh ,nd §
m%Yia: $ Wmßu wiajkq ,nd .ekSfï wruqKska Ydlfha c, wjfYdaIKh lsisÿ wjysr;djhlska f;drj isÿ
lsÍug" uQ, uKav,h wdYs%; mdxY= lafIa;% Odß;d w.hg wdikak w.hl mdxY= f;;uk ;;ajh mj;ajd .ekSu
laIqø c, iïmdokfha wruqKhs'
laIqø c, iïmdokfha ìxÿ c, iïmdokh 1860 wjêfha c¾udkqjka úiska o 1940 – 1950 ld,fha§ BY%dh,
cd;slhka o fidhd.kakd ,o ;dlaIKhls' —ìxÿ c, iïmdokfha uQ,O¾uh mig c,h ,nd§u fkdj me<Eá
uQ, uKav,hg c,h ,nd §uhs˜' fuys§ uqf,ys uQ, flaI ffi, olajdu k, isÿre ;=<ska c,h úirKh uÕska
.uka lrhs' fuys we;s jeo.;au jdish jkafka k,fhka msg jk c,h jeä m%udKh Ydlhg Wrd.ekSug
wjia:dj ie,iSuhs' idudkH fNda. Ydlhl wjfYdaIKh lr.kakd c,h 2% la Ydlh ;=< ixiaf,aIK lghq;=
i|yd;a" b;sßh W;aiafõokh uÕska msgù hdu;a isÿ fõ' W;aiafõokh hkq Ydl j,ska c,h jdIam f,i msgù
hduhs' th Ydlhg foay mDIaG isis,a lr .ekSug;a" uqf,a isg by< m;% olajdu c,h wjfYdaIKh i|yd;a
odhl fõ'
Ydl u.ska c, ìxÿ l%ufhka uQ,h wi,g imhk c,h wjfYdaIKh lr .kq ,nkafka úirKfha m%;sM,hla
f,ih. úirK l%shdj,sh isÿ jkafka Ydlfha uQ,h wjg mfiys mj;sk c, idkaøKh iy Ydlfha uQ,h ;=,
mj;sk c, idkaøKh w;r fjki fya;=fjks. Ydlfha uQ,h ;=, c, idkaøKh mi ;=, c, idkaøKhg jvd
jeä jQ úg§ mfika c,h uQ,h fj; úirKh fõ.
^π = 3&
(a) (i) ìxÿ c, iïmdokfha uQ,O¾uh fláfhka myokak'
(ii) ìxÿ c, iïmdok l%ufha m%Odk;u jdish i|yka lrkak'
(iii) c,fha idkaøKh (C) hkq tall mßudjla ;=< wka;¾.; c, ujq, .Kk fõ. øjH
m%udKfhys ke;fyd;a ujq, m%udKfhys udk N f,i f.k idkaøKfha udk ,shd olajkak.
(iv) úirK iS.%;djh (J) hkq tall ld,hl§ tall j¾.M,hla ;=,ska úirKh jk ujq, .Kk
fõ. ujq, i|yd by; udkhu Ndú;d lr úirK iS.%;djfha udk ,shd olajkak .
(v) c,fha úirK iS>%;djh uQ, flaY ffi,fha iM, mDIaÀl lafIa;%M,h u;;a c,fha ikaøK
wkql%uKh (C/X) u;;a r|d mj;sk nj fidhdf.k we;. fuys X hkq idkaøK fjki
mj;sk ÿr fõ. udk iys; ksh;fha w.h 4πm4s-1 f,i f.k udk úYaf,aIKfhka c,fha
4C
úirK iS.%;djh J  nj fmkajkak.
AX
(vi) c,fha idkaøK w;r fjki 3.254moldm-3 o, idkaøK fjki mj;sk ÿr 4.325mm o
ffi,fha iM, mDIaÀl lafIa;%M,h 7524μm2o kï úirK iS.%;djh molm-2s-1 hk
tallfhka .Kkh lrkak.
ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 11 AL/2021/01-S-II

(b) fï ms<sn|j mÍlaIK mj;ajk YsIH lKavdhula úiska

ìxÿ c, iïmdok l%uh wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd fia,hska
fnda;,hla Ndú;d lsÍug woyia lrhs. tys§ fia,hska
fnda;,fha is,skavrdldr fldgfia Wi 50cm la jk w;r
ta ;=, hï Wilg c,h msÍ we;. fia,hska ngfha isria
Wi 4.8m o c,fha >k;ajh = 1000kgm-3 yd jdhqf.da,Sh
mSvkh =1 x 105 Pa o kï,
(i) fuf,i fia,hska fnda;,fhka c,h msgfjñka
mj;sk úg§ mÍlaIK lKavdhug ksÍlaIKh
lr .; yels jQfha ál fõ,djlsska fia,hska
ngfha c,h bj;a jk ia:dkfhka wdmiaig uv iys; c,h we;=,a jk njhs . fï i|yd
fya;=j meyeÈ,s lrkak.
(ii) by; wdldrhg fia,hska ngh Tiafia c,h msg;g meñKsu wdrïN lrk fudfydf;a§
fnda;,h ;=, c,h uq`M mßudfjka 7/10 la msÍ mej;sfha kï ngh ;=,g uv we;=,a ùu
wdrïN lrk fudfydf;a fia,hska fnda;,h ;=, mj;sk c, lf|ys Wi .Kkh lrkak .
fuys§ wdrïNfha fnda;,h ;=, jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkfha jd;h mej;s nj;a c,h .e,Su k;r
jk fudfyd; olajd th ;=, jd;h fndhs,a kshuh ms<smÈk nj;a i,lkak .
(iii) by; wdldrhg uv c,h fia,hska ngh ;=,g wdmiq .e,Su j<lajd .ekSug .; yels
mÍlaIKd;aul mshjr ,shd olajkak.

(c) ;lald,s md;a;shla i|yd by; laIqø c, iïmdok

wegjqula mÍlaIKhla i|yd fhdod.;a wjia:djla my;
oelafõ. fuys§ fia,hska fnda;,h by< fldgi újD;j
we;.
(i) c,fha ÿiai%dú;d ix.=Klh 2«10-3 Nm-2s o
;sria k< fldgfia mSvk wka;rh 12.5Pa o
;sria k< fldgfia È. 3m o k,fha wrh 2cm
f,i f.k k, fldgi ;=,ska c,h .,d hk
is.%;djh .Kkh lrkak.
(ii) osjd ld,fha§ iQ¾hdf,dalhg meh 3la ksrdjrKh lr
;enQ ;lald,s Ydlhla mfika wjfYdaIKh lr.;a c,
mßudj 108cm3 úh' ta wkqj Ydlhla mfika c,h
wjfYdaIKh lsÍfï uOHkH iS.%;djh m3s-1 tall j,ska
olajd ta weiqßka W;aiafõok iS.%;djh .Kkh lrkak'

8.

rEmfha ±lafjk ikakdhlfha m<, y o" Wi x o ikakdhlfha jdyl >k;ajh n o jdylhl wdfrdamKh q o
fõ' ikakdhlh ;=<ska I Odrdjla .,d hk úg jdylj, ma,dú; m%fõ.h V fõ'
(a) V i`oyd m%ldYkhla ,shd olajkak'
(b) ±ka PQRS uqyqK;g ,ïnlj rEmfha olajd we;s ÈYdjg pqïNl i%dj >k;ajh B jQ pqïNl lafIa;%hla
we;s lrkq ,efí'
(i) bf,lafg%dakhla u; l%shd lrk n, o< rEmhl ,l=Kq lrkak' fuys§ bf,lafg%dakfha nr
fkdi,ld yßkak'
(ii) Odrdj .,d hk úg ikakdhlh ;=< úoHq;a lafIa;%hla we;s jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak '
(iii) tu úoHq;a lafIa;%fha ÈYdj l=ulao@
ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 12 AL/2021/01-S-II

(c) (i) fuu wjia:dfõ§ ikakdhlh ;=< isÿjk fyda,a wdprK l%shdj,sh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(ii) fyda,a fjda,aàh;djh (VH) i`oyd y we;=,;a m%ldYkhla ,shd olajkak'
(iii) ikakdhlfha jdyl >k;ajh 1029 m3 o" bf,lafg%dakhl wdfrdamKh 1.6  1019 C o"
pqïNl i%dj >k;ajh 1T o ;yvqfõ m<, 1mm o Wi 3mm o Odrdj 10A o kï VH ys w.h
.Kkh lrkak'
(d) (i) fuu f,day ;yvqj fjkqjg tu udku iys; w¾O ikakdhl ;yvqjla fh¥ úg we;s jk
fyda,a fjda,aàh;djh .Kkh lrkak' w¾O ikakdhlfha jdyl >k;ajh 1023 m3 fõ'
(ii) fyda,a wdprK l%shdj,sh u`.ska ikakdhlhl nyq;r jdylfha wdfrdamK j¾.h fidhk
wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(iii) wdfrdamK jdylj, uOH ma,dú; m%fõ.h (V) iu`. fyda,a fjda,aàh;djh (VH) úp,kh
jk wdldrh m%ia;dr .; lrkak'

9. (A) fldgig fyda (B) fldgig muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

(A) (a) i<o`.r .e,ajfkdaógrhl o¾Ylh" lïì o`.rh" wÍh

pqïNl lafIa;%h" ÿkq meyeÿ,sj olajñka rEm igykla
weo olajd o`.rh ;=<ska .uka lrk Odrdj o¾Yl
W;al%uKhg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl nj fmkajkak'

(b) wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh 20 la jk mQ¾K mßudK

W;al%uK Odrdj 10mA jk i< o`.r .e,ajfkdaógrhl
o¾Ylh ilia lr we;af;a mQ¾K mßudK W;al%uKfha§
120 0 la N%uKh jk wdldrhgh' mj;ajdf.k we;s
wÍh pqïNl lafIa;%fha o`.rhg ,ïNl ixrplh 0.4T
fõ' È. yd m<, ms<sfj,ska 6cm iy 4cm la jk lïì
o`.rh ks¾udKh lr we;af;a úIalïNh 4mm jk È.
400cm jk taldldr ;U lïìhla Ndú;fhks'
(i) by; i,o`.r .e,ajfkdaógrh iE§u i`oyd Ndú;d lrk lïìfhys úoHq;a
ikakdhl;dj .Kkh lrkak'
(ii) fuu i,o`.r .e,ajfkdaógrh ksIamdokh lsÍu i`oyd fhdod .kakd ÿkafkys
jHdj¾: ksh;h .Kkh lrkak'
(iii) .e,ajfkdaógrh mQ¾K mßudK W;al%uKh ksrEmKh lrk úg§ tys isÿ jk
laIu;d W;ai¾ckh .Kkh lrkak'
(c) my; olajd we;af;a by; i,o`.r .e,ajfkdaógrh nyq mrdi weógrhla f,i ilia lr
.ekSu i`oyd fhdod .kakd wegjquls'
f;ux h;=rla Ndú;fhka fuys§ Odrd uekSfï mrdihla f;dard .kakd w;r fuu
.e,ajfkdaógrh Ndú;d lr 0-1A, 0-2A iy 0-5A mrdihkays Odrd uekSug ie,iqï lrhs'
(i) 0-1A mrdirfha Odrd uekSu i`oyd by; mßm:fha Tn úiska f;ux h;=r fhdhq
lrkq ,nkafka P, Q, R hk w.%hkaf.ka l=uk w.%hgo hkak , shd olajd Tnf.a
f;dard .ekSug fya;=j bÈßm;a lrkak'
(ii) by; nyqmrdi weógrh i`oyd iqÿiq R1, R2, R3 m%;sfrdaO .Kkh lrkak'
(iii) by; nyqmrdi weógrh 0-1A iy 0-2A mrdihkays Ndú;d lrk úg§ nyqmrdi
weógrfhys laIu;d W;ai¾ckh w;r wkqmd;h .Kkh lrkak'

(B) (a) (i) ix.Dys; mßm: Ndú;d lsÍfï jdis ;=kla ,shd olajkak'
(ii) ldrld;aul j¾Olhl rEm igyk we`o w.% kï lrkak'
(iii) ldrld;aul j¾Olhla j¾ê; mßm:hla f,i Ndú; lsÍfï§ fhdod .kakd uQ,sl
l%ufõo folla kï lr tu tla tla l%ufha úfYaI jdish ne.ska ,shd olajkak'
(b) iqfLdamfNda.S ksjdi ixlS¾Khl bÈßmi m%Odk we;=,aùfï fodrgqj i`oyd iajhxl%Sh
bf,lafg%daksl mßm:hla wdOdrfhka r:hla f.aÜgqj bÈßhg meñK n,an ±,ajQ úg§ f.aÜgqj
újD; jk wdldrhg mßm:hla ;ekSug wjYHj we;' my; olajd we;af;a fï i`oyd Tng
,nd § we;s mßm: igykh'
ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 13 AL/2021/01-S-II

fuys§ Ndú;d jk ldrld;aul j¾Olfhys iemhqï fjda,aàh;dj  15V jk w;r ix;Dma;

fjda,aàh;dj  12V fõ'
(i) ldrld;aul j¾Olhlg iemhqï fjda,aàh;d ,nd fok wdldrh mßm: igykl
w`Èkak'
(ii) ldrld;aul j¾Olh ix;Dma; lsÍug m%odk w.%hkag ,nd Èh hq;= fjda,aàh;d fjki
.Kkh lrkak' ldrld;aul j¾Olfha újD; mqvq fjda,aàh;d ,dNh 105 fõ'
(iii) ldrld;aul j¾Olfhys m%;sodk fjda,aàh;dj ´kEu wdf,dal ;;a;ajhl§ r:fha
n,an ±,ajQ úg muKla ix;Dma; fõ kï tu l%shdj,sh id¾:l lr .ekSug r:fha
bÈßmi ,dïmqj,g bÈßfhka f.aÜgqj wdikakfha iú l< hq;af;a LDR 2 ka l=uk
m%;sfrdaOho hkak fya;= iys;j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(iv) ldrld;aul j¾Olfha m%;sodk ix;Dma; jQ úg§ g%dkaisiagrh Tiafia g%dkaisiagrh
hka;ñka ix;Dma; lsÍug RB m%;sfrdaOh yryd 200 A Odrdjla .,d hdug
g%dkaisiagrh cfïkshï jk úg mej;sh hq;= RB m%;sfrdaOfha w.h .Kkh lrkak'
VBE  0.3V
(v) f.aÜgqj iïnkaO lr we;s fudagrh M u`.ska olajd we;s w;r ta Tiafia ix.%dyl
Odrdj .,d hk úg§ .Dyia: 230V úNjhg iïnkaO lr we;s fudagrh l%shd;aul
fõ' g%dkaisiagrfha ir, Odrd ,dNh 400 kï fudagrh l=uk m%;sfrdaO w.hla fuu
mßm:h yryd n,mdhso@
(c) ksjdi ixlS¾Kh md,kh lrk md,k wêldßhg ál l,la .; jk úg§ fuu iajhxl%Sh
mßm:fhys my; fjkialu lsÍug wjYH fõ' tkï oyjf,a§ r:hla meñKs úg muKla
by; wdldrhgu f.aÜgqj újD; ù rd;%sfha§ r:hla meñK úÿ,s myka ±,ajQj o f.aÜgqj újD;
fkdjk mßÈ iemhsh hq;=h' fuu l%shdj,sh id¾:l lr.ekSug Tng ksYaÑ; m%;sfrdaOhla
iy wdf,dal úfudpl Èfhdavhla Ndú;fhka C ,laIHhg isÿ l< hq;= fjkiaùu ±laùug
mßm:hla w`Èkak'

10. (A) fldgig fyda (B) fldgig muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

(A) (a) jdIamSlrKh yd jdIamSNjkh hkq wjldYhg c, jdIam tl;=jk m%Odk l%u fõohka folhs'
jdIamSlrKh yd jdIamSNjkfha § øjfha wKqj, pd,l Yla;sh øjfha wKqj, WIaK;ajh hk
idOl l=uk wdldrhg úp,kh jkafka o hkak .=Kd;aulj úia;r fldg jdIamSlrK
Ys>%;djh flfrys;a" jdIamSNjK YS>%;djh flfrys;a" ndysr idOl flfia n,mEï
lrkafkao hkak my; lreKq hgf;a úia;r lrkak'
(a) iq<f`.a fõ.h
(b) øjfha mDIaÀl lafIa;%M,h
(c) øjhg ;dmh imhk Ys>%;djh
(b) mßudj 2m3 jk fl<jrla ixjD; is,skavrdldr l=àrhl
rEmfha fmkajd we;s wdldrhg 270 C úh,s jd;h iu.
wix;Dma; c, jdIamhla ñY%j we;' is,skavrfha me;slv
mDIaGhlska is,skavrfha my,g jkakg riÈh
uefkdaógrhla iïnkaO fldg we;s w;r ta ;=, wka;¾.;
jdhq mßudj is,skavrfha mßudj iu. iei§fï § fkdi,ld
yeßh yels ;rï l=vd fõ'
wdrïNfha § riÈh uefkdaógrh ;=, riÈh uÜgï wka;rh
25cm fõ' fuúg jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh 75cmHg fõ'
miqj mqoa.,fhl= úiska msiagkh b;d fiñka my,g p,s; lrjk w;r túg is,skavrh ;=,
mßudj 1m 3 jk úg§ uefkdaógrfha riÈh uÜgfï wka;rh 120 cm úh' miqj
0.5m3 mßudj olajd wvql, úg § riÈh uÜgfï wka;rh 300cm úh'
ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 14 AL/2021/01-S-II

(i) WIaK;ajh ksh;j ;nd .ksñka is,skavrh ;=, by; wdldrhg mßudj wvq lrk
úg§ l,dmfha c, jdIamfhka ix;Dma; jkafka o hkak iqÿiq .Kkh lsÍulska
fmkajkak'
(ii) l,dmfha mßudj by; wdldrhg úp,kh lrk úg§ mßudjg tfoß mSvkh i`oyd
m%ia;dr 03la my; wjia:djka i`oyd tlu igykl ks¾udkh lrkak' meyeÈ,sj A,
B, C f,i m%ia;dr lï l, hq;= w;r mßud wCIh u; ix;Dma; wix;Dma; l,dm
kï l, hq;=h'
(A) jdIamh i`oyd muKla (B) úh,s jd;h i`oyd muKla
(C) úh,s jd;h yd c, jdIamh i`oyd
(iii) by; wjia:dfõ§ wdrïNfha moaO;sh ;=< wix;Dma; jdIam mSvkh;a by;
wjia:dfõ§ ix;Dma; jdIam mSvkh;a .Kkh lrkak'
(iv) c,fha fu!,sl ialkaOh 18gmol 1 o" riÈh >k;ajh 13600 kgm 3 f,i f.k
is,skavrfha mßudj 2m 3 isg 0.5m3 olajd /f.k wd úg § >kSNjkh jk c,
jdIam ialkaOh .Kkh lrkak' ^i¾j;% jdhq ksh;h 8.3Jmol1k 1 &
(v) wdrïNfha § l,dmfha idfmaCI wd¾ø;djh .Kkh lrkak'
(c) l=àrh ;=, by; wdrïNl wjia:dfõ § ;=Idrdxlh 20 0 C fõ' fuu l=àrh ;=, mßudj
úp,khla isÿ fkdjk mßÈ m,audkslalï lene,a,la ;nd mßudj fkdfjkiajk mßÈ
l,dmfha WIaK;ajh 20 0 C olajd wvq lrhs' túg l,dmfha idfmACI wd¾ø;djh 30] olajd
wvq fõ' fï jk úg l=àrh ;=, wka;¾.; wix;Dma; c, jdIamfhys mSvkh .Kkh
lrkak'

(B) f,day mDIaGhla u;g úlsrK m;s; jQ úg§ tu f,day mDIaGfhka bf,lafg%dak uqla; ù bj;aj hdfï
ixisoaêh m%ldY úoHq;a wdprKh kï fõ'
fuh isÿjkafka wdf,dalfha Yla;sh bf,lafg%dak ,nd .ekSfuka tu bf,lafg%dak mrudKq j,ska bj;a
ùfuka nj ir<j oelaúh yelsh' tfia jqjo wdf,dalfha ;Sj%;djh jeä lrk úg uqla; jk
bf,lafg%dak j, Yla;sh jeä fkdùu" wdf,dalh m;s; jQ iekska bf,lafg%dak bj;a ùu wd§ ixixoaê
lsysmhla meyeÈ,s lsÍug fm!rdKsl fN!;sl úoHdjg fkdyels úh'
fuh meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd we,anÜ whskaiaghska úiska 1905 È úlsrKh Yla;s melÜ j,ska ks¾udKh ù
we;ehs hk u;h bÈßm;a lrk ,§' th u; mokï ù j¾;udkfha§ lafjdkagï hdka;% úoHdj wd§
jdohka ks¾udKh ù we;' ta wkqj
kQ;k fN!;sl úoHdfõ uQ,drïNl
ixisoaêhla f,i m%ldY úoHq;a
wdprKh ye£kaúh yel'
m%ldY úoHq;a wdprKfha m%dfhda.sl
Ndú; fndfyduhla mj;sk kuq;a
iQ¾h fldaI ta w;=ßka uq,a ;ekla
.kS' m%ldY úoHq;a wdprKhg wkqj
iQ¾hdf,dalh Ndú;fhka
bf,lafg%dak mrudKq j,ska bj;a
lr.; yels jqj;a tajd Odrdjka f,i
,nd .ekSug lsishï l%ufõohla mej;sh hq;=h' ta i|yd ksmojk ,o ir, iQ¾h fldaIhla fuys
oelafõ'
fuys isÿjk l%shdj,ssh fufiahs' fuh ksmoùfï§ Èfhdavhl fuka p–j¾.fha yd n–j¾.fha w¾O
ikakdhl fldgia 2 la tl;= lr ta w;r úoHq;a lafIa;%hla we;s flf¾' bka miqj fuu uQ,øjH u;
iQ¾hdf,dalh m;s; jQ úg§ mrudKq j,ska ksl=; jk bf,lafg%dak fuu lafIa;%h ksid Odrdjla f,ig
.uka lrhs' fldaIhg iïnkaO flfrk ikakdhl lïì 2la uÕska fuu Odrdj msg;g ,nd .kS '
kuq;a fujeks fldaIhlska ,efnkqfha ñ,sweïmsh¾ uÜgfï Odrdjls ' j¾;udkfha nyq,j oelsh yels
iQ¾h mek, j, fY%aKs.;j yd iudka;r.;j iïnkaO lr we;s fujka iQ¾h fldaI oyia .Kkla
we;' j¾;udkfha n,Yla;s w¾nqohg we;s fyd|u úiªula f,i iQ¾h fldaI yªkajdÈh yelsh '
mqk¾ckkSh Yla;s úfYaIhla jk iQ¾hdf,dalh Ndú;d lsÍu m%p,s; lsÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jeks
mdßißl .eg`M úYd, m%udKhlg o úiªula ,efí'
(ma,dkala ksh;h = 6.63×10-34Js, bf,lafg%dakfha wdfrdamKh = 1.6×10-19C, bf,lafg%dakfha ialkaOh
= 9.1×10-31kg)
(a) (i) m%ldY fldaIh Ndú;fhka m%ldY úoHq;a wdprKh wOHhkh lsÍug m%ldY fldaIh fhdod
.kakd wdldrh fldgia kï l< rEm igykla u.ska olajkak '
(ii) fm!rdKsl fN!;sl úoHdj Ndú;fhka meyeÈ,s l< fkdyels m%ldY úoHq;a wdprKh wdY%s;j
isÿjk l%shdj,s ,shd olajkak'
ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs] All Rights Reserved] 15 AL/2021/01-S-II

(iii) whskaiaghskaf.a u;hg wkqj úlsrKh Yla;s melÜ j,ska iukaú; fõ' fï wkqj úlsrKfha
Yla;s r|dmj;skafka l=ula u;o@
(iv) tla;rd f,dayhla u;g úlsrKh m;s; lsÍfï§ bka bf,lafg%dak uqla; fõ' úlsrKfha
;Sj%;djh jeä lsÍfï§ uqla; bf,lafg%dak j, Yla ;shg yd bf,lafg%dak uqla; ùfï
YS>%;djhg isÿjk fjkialï i|yka lrkak'
(b) (i) ld¾h Y%s;h  jQ f,dayhla u;g ixLHd;h f jQ úlsrK m;s; l< úg (hf   ) ksl=;a jk
bf,lafg%dak j, Yla;sh i`oyd m%ldYkhla ,shd olajkak ' ( h = ma,dkala ksh;h)
(ii) Si uQ,øjHhg wod,j ixLHd;hg tÈßj kej;=ï úNjh m%ia:dr.; lr tu m%ia:drh iïmQ¾K
lsÍfï§ tys wka;:LKavh -3 úh' Si ys ld¾h Y%s;h cQ,a j,ska .Kkh lrkak'
(iii) idudkH iQ¾hdf,dalfha ixLHd;h 8×1014Hz muK fõ' fuu wdf,dalh Si u; m;s; l< úg
ksl=;a jk bf,lafg%dak j, Yla;sh .Kkh lrkak'
(iv) ksl=;a jk bf,lafg%dak j, m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak '
(c) iQ¾h fldaIhla uÕska Odrdjla ,nd .kakd wjia:djla i<ld my; m%Yak j,g ms,s;=re imhkak '
(i) iQ¾hhd tlajru j<dl=,lska jeiS .shfyd;a fldaIfhka ksl=;a jk Odrdjg isÿjk fjki
fya;= iys;j myokak'
(ii) iQ¾h fldaIfha j¾.M,h jeä l< úg ksl=;a jk Odrdfõ isÿjk fjki fya;= iys;j
myokak'
(iii) iQ¾h fldaIhla iaÓrj iú lrkjd
fjkqjg th iEu úgu iQ¾hdf,dalhg
,ïNlj mj;sk mßÈ ilia lsÍug
YsIHfhl= fhdackd lrhs' tuÕska ál
Èkl§ ,nd .; yels uq`M wdfrdamKh
jeä l< yels nj Tyqf.a woyihs ' Tyq
ksjerÈo@ fya;= olajkak'
(d) tla;rd ksjil iú lr we;s iQ¾h mek,hl
fujka l=vd fldaI 2000 la muK iudka;r.;j
iú lr we;' wdf,dalfha ;Sj%;djfha isÿjk
fjki ksid tla Èkhla ;=<§ ld,h;a iuÕ tla fldaIhla yryd Odrdj úp,kh jk wdldrh my;
oelafõ' fuu wdfrdamKh .nvd lr ;nd.kafka kï tla Èkhla ;=<§ .nvd jk uq`M wdfrdamK
m%udKh fldmuKo@

***