DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR UNDER GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :- pkn

Tank size 10.00 x 4.00 x 3.00 m
Tank capacity 120 ## 120000 mm
Angle of repose 30 Degree Saturated soil unit wt = 17.00 kN/m3 17000
Conrete M 20 unit weight = 25000 N/m3
2 2
Steel fy 415 N/mm Tensile stess = 150 N/mm
2
scbc 7 N/mm m = 13
3
Nominal cover 35 mm unit wt. of water = 9.81 N/mm 9810

1 Solution, general:- There are four components of design.

(I) Design of long wall (II) Design of short wall
(III) Design of roof slab (IV) Design of base slab
The design of walls will be done under two condition.
(a) Tank full with water, with no earth fill out side.
(b) Tank empty, with full earth pressure due to saturated earth fill.
The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure and the hole tank is to be tasted against
floatation. As the L/B ratio is greater than 2 the long wall will be designed as cantilever. The bottom one metre
( >H /4) of short walls will be designed as cantilever while the top portion will designed as slab supported by long
walls .

2 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 20

sst = 150 N/mm wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2
scbc = 7 N/mm2 m = 13
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.378
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 150
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.378 / 3 = 0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.874 x 0.378 = 1.155

3 Design of Long wall :-

(a) Tank empty with pressure satureted soil from outside.
Pa = KaY'H +YwH
1 - sin 30 1 - 0.5 0.5 1
Here, Ka = = = = = 0.333
1 + sin 30 1 + 0.5 1.5 3
3
Y' = 17.00 - 9.81 = 7.19 kN/m = 7190 N/m3
Yw = 9.81 kN/m3 = 9810 N/m3
2
\ Pa = 0.333 x 7190 x 3.00 + 9810 x 3.00 = 36620 N/m
3.00 3.00
Maximum B.M. at the base of wall = 36620 x x = 54930 N-m or 54930000 N-mm
2 3
54930000
Required depth = = 218 mm
1.155 x 1000
Provide total depth = 218 + 35 = 260 mm so that available d = 225 mm
54930000
Ast = = 1862 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 225
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16 =
using 16 mm bars A = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 1862 = 108 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 100 mm c/c on out side face, at bottom of long wall
Cutailment of reinfocrement. Since B.M. is proportional to h3, we have:
Asth h3 Asth 1/3
= 3
= From which h = H x
Ast H Ast
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If Asth =1/2. Ast (i.e.half the bars being curtailed). H= H(1/2)'1/3 = 3.00 x( 0.5 )1/3 = 2.38 m
 \ Height from the base = 3.00 - 2.38 = 0.62 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 16 = 192 mm or d = 225 mm,
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 0.62 + 0.225 = 0.85 m from base.
Similarly, depth where only 0.25% reinforcement is requiredd is h=H(0.25)1/3= 3.00 x( 0.25 )1/3= 1.89
\ Height from the base = 3.00 - 1.89 = 1.11 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 16 = 192 mm or d = 225 mm,
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 1.11 + 0.225 = 1.35 m from base.
260 - 100
Minimum, % Reinforcement = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.254 %
450 - 100
260 x 1000
Min = 0.254 x = 661 mm2
100
This is > Than 0.25 % of Ast at bottom . Hence above curtalment is not permissible
Hence the reinforcement will be provid as under,
(I) At base : 16 mm f bars @ 100 mm c/c
(II) At 0.85 m above base , up to top : 16 mm f bars @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution steel :-
260 - 100
% of distribution steel = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.254 %
450 - 100
260 x 1000
Astd = 0.254 x
100
= 661 mm2, Area of each face = 331 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8 =
using 8 mm bars A = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 331 = 152 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c on Each face,
1000 x 50.2
having, Ast = 2x = 670 mm2
150
Direct compression in long walls:- The earth pressure acting on short walls will cause compression
in long walls, because top portion of shorts walls act as slab supported on long walls
At h = 3.00 / 4 = 0.75 or 1.00 m above the base of walls .
Pa=KaY' (H-h) + Yw (H-h) = 0.333 x 7190 x( 3.00 - 1.00 )+ 9810 x 2.00 = 24413
This direct compression devloped on long walls and wall section. N/m2
4.00
PLC =Pa.x B/2 24413 x = 48827 N
2
This will be well taken by distribution steel and wall section
(b) Tank full with water and no earth fill out side.
P = Y x wh = 9810 x 3.00 = 29430 N/m2
HxH 3.00 x 3.00
M=p x = 29430 x = 44145 N-m or 44145000 N-mm
2x3 2 x 3
44145000
Ast = = 1496 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 225
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16 =
using 16 mm bars A = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 1496 = 134 say = 130 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 130 mm c/c at the in side face.
Curtailement of reinforcement:-
Asth h3 Asth 1/3
= = From which h = H x
Ast H3 Ast
1/3
If Asth =1/2. Ast (i.e.half the bars being curtailed). H= H(1/2)' = 3.00 x( 0.5 )1/3 = 2.38 m
\ Height from the base = 3.00 - 2.38 = 0.62 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 16 = 192 mm or d = 225 mm,

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whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 0.62 + 0.225 = 0.85 m from base.
Similarly, depth where only 0.25% reinforcement is requiredd is h=H(0.25)1/3= 3.00 x( 0.25 )1/3= 1.89
 \ Height from the base = 3.00 - 1.89 = 1.11 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 16 = 192 mm or d = 225 mm,
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 1.11 + 0.225 = 1.35 m from base.
260 - 100
Minimum, % Reinforcement = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.254 %
450 - 100
260 x 1000
Min = 0.254 x = 661 mm2
100
This is > Than 0.25 % of Ast at bottom . Hence above curtalment is not permissible
Hence the reinforcement will be provid as under,
(I) At base : 16 mm f bars @ 130 mm c/c
(II) At 0.85 m above base , up to top : 16 mm f bars @ 260 mm c/c

Direct tensio on long wall:- Since the top portion of short wall act as slab supported on long walls,
the water pressure acting on short walls will cause in long walls.
B 4.00
PL= P x Where p= 9810 x = 19620 N/m2 at 1.00 m height
2 2
4.00
\ PL = 19620 x = 39240 N, As required = 39240 / 150 = 262 mm2
2
Area of distribution steel provided in horizontal direction = 670 mm2
Hece distribution steel will take direct tension.
4 Design of short walls :-
(a) Tank empty, with pressure of satureted soil from outside.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 1.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining 2.00 m
act as slab supported on long walls.
Pa = KaY' (H-h) + Yw (H-h) = 0.33 x 7190 x 2.00 + 9810 x 2.00 = 4793 + 19620
= 24413 N/m2
2 2
24413 x 4.00
Mf (at supports ) = PaL = = 32551 N-m (causing tension out side )
12 12
PaL2 - M PaL2 24413 x 4.00 2 N-m (causing
M ( at centre ) = f= = = 16275
8 24 24 tension in side )
d = 260 - ( 35 + 16 ) = 209 mm
32551000
At Supports, A st = = 1188 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 209
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 1188 = 95 say = 90 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 90 mm c/c at the out side face at 2.00 m below the top
At mid span, A st = 1188 x 0.5 = 594 mm 2
minimum Ast = 661 mm2
2
3.14xdia 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 661 = 171 say = 170 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at inner side face
(III) Bottom portion The bottom 1.00 m will bend as cantilever.
2
Intensity of earth pressure at bottom = 36620 N/m
1 1
\ M = x 36620 x 1 x = 6103 N-m (with tension at out side
2 3 face)

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6103 x 1000
\ Ast = = 207 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 225
Minimum steel @ 0.254 % "= 661 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
 using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 661 = 171 say = 170 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 1.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
(III) Direct compression in short walls:-
Though the long walls bend as cantilever, it is observed that end 1.00 metre
width of long wall contributes to push in short walla, due to earth pressure, and its magnitude is given by
PBC = Pa x 1 = 24413 x 1 = 24413 N
This is quite small, and hence its effect has not been considered.
(b) Tank full with water , and no earth fill out side.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 1.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining 2.00 m
act as slab supported on long walls.
2
p = w (H-h) = 9810 x( 3.00 - 1.00 )= 19620 N/m
2
19620 x 4.00 2 causing tension at
Mf (at supports ) = PB = = 26160 N-m
12 12 the inside
2
PB2 19620 x 4.00 causing tension at
Mc (At centre) = = = 13080 N-m
24 24 the outside
Direct tension in short wall:- Due to water pressure on the end 1.00 metre width of long wall is
2
pB = w (H-h) x1 = 9810 x( 3.00 - 1.00 )x 1.0 = 19620 N/m
Effective d, for horizontal steel = 209 mm
\ Distance = (x - d ) x T / 2 = 209 - 260 / 2 = 79 mm
Mf - PB.x PB
Hence net B.M. = M - PB. x \ Ast1 = Ast2 =
sst,j.d ss
At inside face (end of short walls)
Mf - PB.x 26160 x 1000 - 19620 x 79
Ast1 = = = 898 mm2
sst,j.d 150 x 0.874 x 209
PB 19620
Ast2 = = = 131 mm2 \ total Ast = 898 + 131 = 1029 mm2
ss 150
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 1029 = 110 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 100 mm c/c at the inner face,
At the out side face (middle of short walls)
Mc - PB.x 13080 x 1000 - 19620 x 79
Ast1 = = = 421 mm2
sst , j . d 150 x 0.874 x 209
PB 19620
Ast2 = = = 131 mm2 \ total Ast = 421 + 131 = 552 mm2
ss 150
Minimum reinforcement required = 661 mm2
2
3.14xdia 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 661 = 171 say = 170 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at the outside face,

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(III) Bottom portion The bottom 1.00 m will bend as cantilever.
P (at bottom) = 29430 N/m2 (stap 3)
1 1 with tension at in side
\ M = x 29430 x 1 x = 4905 N-m
2 3 face
4905 x 1000
\ Ast = = 166 mm2
 \ Ast = = 166 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 225
Minimum steel @ 0.254 % = 661 mm2
2
3.14xdia 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 661 = 171 say = 170 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 1.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
( C) Summary of reinforcement in short walls.
(I) Horizontal reifocement at inner face:
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 12 mm f @ 170 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 12 mm f @ 100 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 100 mm c/c at inner face at, 2.00 m from top.
At top 1 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at for the top 1.00 m height.
(II) Horizontal reinfocement for outer face;
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 12 mm f @ 90 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 12 mm f @ 170 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 90 mm c/c at inner face at, 0.00 m from top.
At top 1 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at for the top 1.00 m height.
(III) Vertical reinforcement at inner face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at the inner face, for bottom 1.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
(IV)Vertical reinforcement at outer face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c at the Outer face, for bottom 1.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
5 Design of top slab:-
L/B = 10.00 / 4.00 = 2.5 Hence top slab will be design as one way slab.
Let the live load of slab = 2000 N/m2
Assuming a thickness of 20 cm including finishing etc.
self weight = 0.20 x 1 x 1 x 25000 = 5000 N/m2
Total weight = 2000 + 5000 = 7000 N/m2
w . B2 7000 x( 4.00 + 0.26 )2= 15879 N-m or 15879000 N-mm
M = =
8 8
15879000
Required depth = = 117 mm
1.155 x 1000
Provide total depth = 117 + 35 = 160 mm so that available d= 125 mm
15879000
Ast = = 969 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 125
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
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Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 969 = 117 say = 110 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 110 mm c/c
Distribution steel :-
160 - 100
% of distribution steel = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.283 %
450 - 100
160 x 1000
Astd = 0.283 x = 453 mm2,
 Astd = 0.283 x = 453 mm2,
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = = 78.5 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 453 = 173 say = 170 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c the other direction.

6 Design of bottom slab:- If ther is no sub-soil water nominal reinforcement would required .
However, because of saturated sub-soil, there will uplift pressure on the bottom slab, of the magnitude given by.
pu = wH1 = 9810 x 3.30 = 32373 N/m2 (assuming base slab thickness = 300 mm)
Chech against flotation.; The hole tank must be check against flotation when the tank is empty.
Total upward flotation force. = Pu = pu x B x L
Pu = 32373 x 4.00 x 10.00 = 1294920 N
Total down ward force consists of weight of tank. Base slab thickness = 300 mm
Weight of walls = 0.26 x 2.00 x( 4.00 + 10.00 )x 3.00 x 25000 = 546000 N
Weight of roof slab and finishing = 0.2 x 4.00 x 10.00 x 25000 = 200000 N
Weight of base slab = 0.3 x 4.00 x 10 x 25000 = 300000 N
Total weight W = 1046000 N
1294920 > 1046000 upward force is more than dpown ward force
hence provide projection in slab, beyond the face of vertical walls, by an amount x m alround, so that weight of
soil column supported by projection will provide additional down war force. It is assumed that if the tank is floted,
the earth would rupture on vrtical planes shown by dotted lines. (fig ) .Most soil would tend torupture on an
inclined planes, thus tendind to increase the effective down ward load from the earth but this might be small in
waterlogged non-cohesive ground.
Weigt of soil supported by projection:
x = 2(L+B)x H.Ysat = 2 x( 4.52 + 10.52 )x 3.00 x 17000 = 1534080 xN
Weight of roof slab and finishing = 0.2 x 4.00 x 10.00 x 25000 = 200000 N
Weight of walls = 0.26 x 2.00 x( 4.00 + 10.00 )x 3.00 x 25000 = 546000 N
Total "= 746000 N
Weight of base slab=( 4.00 + 2 x 0.26 + 2 x)
( 10.00 + 2 x 0.26 + 2 x) 0.3 x 25000
=( 4.52 + 2 x)( 10.52 + 2 x) 7500 =
Assuming that S.F. = 1.10 is needed because
(I) concrete may weight less than 25000 N/m3
(II) Earth may weight les than 17000 N/m3
(III) Ground water may turn saline weight more than 9810 N/m3
Total up lift force = 1.10 x 29430 x( 4.52 + 2 x)( 10.52 + 2 x)
Equating total upward force to the total down ward force, we get
4.52 + 2 x) ( 10.52 + 2 x)= 1534080 x + 746000 )/ 24873
2
4 x + 30.08 x + 47.55 )= 61.68 x + 29.99
2
4 x 31.6 x + 17.56 = 0
1 x2 7.90 x + 4.39 = 0 hence x = 0.60

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Chech : width B 1 = 4.52 +( 2 x 0.60 ) = 5.72 m
Length = 10.52 +( 2 x 0.60 ) = 11.72 m
\ Weight of soil suppoted on projection: x = 2 x( L1 +B1)x Hysat
x = 2 x( 11.72 + 5.72 )x 0.60 x 3 x 17000 = 1067328 N
The Bottom slab will be design as one way slab. Cosidered one metre length
Upward water pressure Pu = 32373 N/m2
Self weight of slab : 1 x 1 x 0.3 x 25000 = 7500 N/m2
 \ Net upward pressure, p = 32373 - 7500 = 24873 N/m2
Weight of wall per m. run = 0.26 x 3.00 x 1 x 25000 = 19500 N/m
weight of roof slab, transferred to each wall, per m run
= 0.20 x( 2 + 0.26 )x 1 x 25000 = 11300 N
Weight of earth projection = 17000 x 3 x 1 x 0.60
= 51000 x 1 x 0.60 = 30600 N/m
\ Net unbalanced force/m run = 32373 ( 5.72 x 1 )- 2 x( 19500 +
30600 + 11300 = 62374 N
\ Reaction on each wall = 62374 / 2 = 31187 N
2
Pa '= Ka yH +wH = 36620 N/m \ pa = 36620 x 3 / 2 = 54930 N/m
Acting at = 3 / 3 + 0.3 = 1.3 m above the bottom of base slab
B.M. at the edge of 24873 x 0.60 2+ 51000 x 0.60 2
54930 x 1.3 -
cantilever portion '= 2 2.00
= 66706 N-m or 66706000 N-mm Causing tension at bottom face
B.M. At center of span = 24873 x 5.72 2+ 54930 x 1.3 -( 19500 + 30600
2 x 2
4.26 5.72
+ 11300 )x - 51000 x 0.60 x( - 0.30 )'=
2 2
= 101726 + 71409 "- 130782 - 78336
= -35983 N-m or -35983000 N-mm Causing tension at top face
66706000
Required depth = = 240 mm
1.155 x 1000
Provide total depth = 240 + 50 = 290 mm so that available d= 240 mm
66706000
Ast = = 2120 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 240
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 2120 = 95 say = 90 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 90 mm c/c at bottom Face
For top face,
35983000
Ast = = 1143 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 240
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 1143 = 176 say = 170 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c
Disrtibution reinforcement in longitudinal direction
290 - 100
= 0.30 - 0.1 x = 0.25 %
450 - 100
0.25 x 1000 x 290
Area of steel = = 713 mm2 On each face = 357 mm2
100
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3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 357 = 141 say = 140 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @140 mm c/c. on each face

7 Detail of reinforcement:-
Shown in drawing
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