Byteman) Inspection STANDARD DS-T Tao) AOL Ua 2 1@@ee;. Fifth Edition Register your copy of aagiewation Standard DS-1° today! Number, | 0742 Register your copy of Standard DS-1 at our website: www.byna com/dsIstandards. You can also complete the card below and email scanned copy to [email protected], or follow the folding instructions below and mail back your registration card. ‘Asa registered owner of Standard DS-1 you will receive: * Corrections, clarifications and updates to this edition of the standard as they are published + Information on future editions. Please print clearly. Name: Address Tae: Ades: Company CyState/Postl Code Email County ‘STEP 1 ‘STEP 2 tration Fill out registration card. FE rd Fold as shown. Fold Registration -) Card Fold Folding Instructions STEP3 ia Tape as shown, add a stamp, and mail. pom TAPEHERE Note to users: Registering your copy of DS-1° Fifth Edition will allow you to receive corrections and supplements free of charge.Place postage here BUREAU VERITAS /T H HILL ATTN: STANDARDS REGISTRATION 16800 GREENSPOINT PARK DR. SUITE 300S HOUSTON, TX 77060 USA.Standard DS-1°® Volume 3 Drill Stem Inspection Fifth Edition August 2020Standard DS-1® Volume 3 Drill Stem Inspection Fifth Edition Grant Pettit, PE. and Thomas M. Wadsworth, P.E. Authors Samit R, Gokhale, Austin Wells, P.E., Srinivasa R. Koneti Contributing Authors Jennifer Mosher Production Manager Shane Stroud, Brandi Lyons, Glenn Goetz, Spenser Holcomb, PE. Technical Contributors. Bureau Veritas wishes to acknowledge the leadership and foresight of Tom H. Hill for conceptualizing Standard DS-2 and writing the Fist through Third Editions. Bureau Veritas extends its deep appreciation to the Fifth Edition Sponsor Companies and to the individuals named below, whose technical input contributed significantly to the velue of the standare, Fifth Edition Sponsor Companies Arconic Corporation ‘Aunco Technotogy Trust, Lid Baker Hughes BHP Chevron Command Tubular Products DP-Master Manufacturing Halliburton ICO Asigpacfic Group INPEX Liquidmetel Coatings LLC Nabors Industries Lid ‘National Citwell Varco - Welloore Technologies New Tech Systems ‘Occidental O11 & Gas (OTTO FUCHS Drilling Solution GmbH Postle Industries, Inc. (Durbanci* NC) Quail Tools: Repsol ERP Reviewers and Contributors eco Hb0a9, NOY Gram Prseco Howard ua Sclurberge! Jammes Cae, Sues spect Seis Tason Howell NOY Gram Prieco Pesan cara, Scunbaer Arnel tabu ha Sclurberge ‘Anant Seana, saiumbeger ndheat Choy OTTO FUCHS ie Moradou NOV Grom Prideco fstreny Grif Schurmewer ‘ony Pllps, Baker Fug ‘stn le arco ia Durarajen, Schomoager etamn enaner sowumessger Senn Cali retin narra ‘rad hans NOW Tuboscope "hue lohnean.chevran cae oaringue Qua Ts Dan dsj NOV Gent Pic anil emantes NOW Downie (anal Sl shat Davi On, Scaierger Deser Tia Shlamberr Diege Coren Bureau eniae favo oxy Se Jeremy Dugas Qual Tons Je Sreser NO Bowne Toe Dilber, Qual 138 rae Thomas HP Jobe Chen senlimberger Jenn k Srey Halicurtan Ton Vargas Burau Vrtae Joseph Gury erkstings Itestonal “a Gate Seiuberger oak atk INPEX Josiah Stearn Senimneoer inn Wane inet Vly susan Bryant New Tee Syste Surin Chatagnisn Senusret arols Maton, Semone eth Grogan Bureau Vertes ‘rshaan ngnvalsalan,Serlurberger sup Command Tubult Modus tony Jones, Ameo Eri Watson NOV Geant Peco Lu zksoSt Tannin Machinery ten Pooch" Dupuis Souter Too Irspection Lianann NOY Grane Paaee Sina oh ldneal wr tayng Shasta ong Pe ‘any ean, Conman Tubs Products ak Chute NOV Dowmhole ‘Gay Portwood, churbergee Mark Jucket NOW Tubascone “tong tea Schumberer cha! Bouchert Sell Geog ees, Nabors Industies use Srschan. Haliburton Greg nchwood NOV Reeatyaiog Michael Youngborg, Suresu eras Gitte Plessg NOM Grane dees Ike bey Pos rcusties ane Novas NOW Tuboscope Hector lb, Suberer Milton Huet, Command Tul Products Schlumberger Shanghai Hilong Drill Pipe Ca, Lid Shell international Exploration & Production Southern Tool Inspection (STI) Superior Energy Services Superior inspection Services Tianjin Lin Machinery Group Co, Lta \Washita Valley Enterprises, Inc. \Werkstrings International Mitch Nobles 10 Asapciie Murpy Luu, NOY Reedyaog Nathan Fle Schumer trad tn, Sete ac teLaugin Arc eter lfmann, 710 FUCHS {leo niotag,Shanghal long Dil Fpe Raza Heston HOV Gant Peco Renae rin NOY Grant Pees ob Baa: suresu vartas Ronis aout Qua Took fusslencet NOY Grant Pico fy HatpeSouem Tal inspection ssvatoe Mangione Com-and ub Prods Sacah Gupte ICO asiapaone ‘aay heme Commas’ bs Basu “Shabnam Meera Baker Meghes Sone Palesy Schumeraer spans Deehpende Schlumberger ‘Sezer Holcomb, BHP stagien hang. OP Master Stes lovers Bote Highs Sieve Loughin, NOV Downhale Stove Sean Poste estes ‘Seve Sch, Slameger Steven Vilar Selumberser ‘Steen 3 Schlumberger, ‘Sua sucwnan, BA Suthada Santa Soo. Scherer “iy sears Bru Vora Veronica Fong, OF Naser ia Latin WEY Dowrhsle woe hes trope Zhao habing Sangha: Hong Or Pipe Mo endorsement ofthis standard or its content onthe par of ny reviewer or his o her company shouldbe inferred Copyright ©2020. Bureau Veritas, all ights reserved. No part ofthis document may be reproduced or scanned inte any computer without prior ‘written consent of Bureau Veritas For additional information contact Bureau Veritas, 16800 Greenspoint Fatk Drive, Ste 3005, Houstar, TC 77050 USA Phone: (281) 671-5700 Email: ds1 @bureawveritascom ‘Wet: warwlouna.comésistandares¥ DS-1° Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stem Inspection Table of Contents Introduction ee 1.1 Bureau Veritas and T H Hill. 1 12° Coverage 1 13. Sponsorship 4 1.4 — Copyright Notice. aed 1.5 Content........ one 16 Significant Changes from DS-1 Fourth Edition : a 1.7 Assumption: 2 1.8 Limitations... 2 1.9. Terms and Conditions for Use 2 110 Proprietary Products .cninnnnnnevineen ie 1.11 Proprietary Technology and License Agreement. 2 1.12 Disclaimer of Liability... 4 1.13 Responsibility for Compliance. 3 Inspection Program 2.1 Inspection Methods..mnmnnne 2.2 Inspection Programs... : 2.3 Conducting the Inspection Program.. 2.4 — Deviating ftom Procedural Requirements. 25 Specifying Applicable Methods 2.6 Setting Acceptance Criteria... 2.7 Drill Stem Inspection Order For 28 Inspection Frequency.nennm 2.9 Essential Objectives of Inspect 2.10 The Inspector's First Objective 2.11 The Inspector's Second Objective 2.12 Consideration for Scheduling Re-Inspection . 2.13 Estimating Cumulative Fatigue Damage. 2.14 Inspection Scheduling ... 2.15 Manual vs Computer-Based Estimating 2.16 Estimating Loss of Load Capacity 2.17 Inspection Costs att 5 2.18 Limitations of the Guidelines in cis Standard... s 1 2.19 Inspection Using Metric Units 2.20 Personnel Competency. 2.21 Calibration Requirements.. 2.22. Definitions... 2.23. History and Evolution of Used Drill Pipe Classes 2.24 Fitness for Purpose... : - 2.25 Adjusting Acceptance Criteria. 2.26 The Inspection Procedure is Critical... 2.27 Procedure Affects Results 2.28 Frequently Asked Questions. ....0m Inspection Procedures 3.1 Contents. 3.2 The Inspection Transaction. 3.3 Communication.& ‘Table of Contents (continued) iv TH HILL ASSOCIATES (A BUREAU VERITAS COMPANY) 3.4 Visual Tube Inspection .. 3.5 OD Gage Tube Inspection wn 3.6 Ultrasonic Wall Thickness Inspection .. 3.7 Electromagnetic Inspection (EMI)... 3.8 Heat Checking Inspection. 3.9 MPISlip/Upser Inspection 3.10. Ultrasonic (UT) Slip/Upset Area Inspection. 3.11 Visual Connection Inspection . 3.12, Dimensional 1 Inspection.. 3.13 Dimensional 2 Inspection.. 3.14 Dimensional 3 Inspection ..mm 3.15 Blacklight Connection Inspection 3.16 UT Connection Inspection... 3.17 Liquid Penetrant Inspection... 3.18 Slip Groove Inspection wn 3.19 Wet Visible Contrast Inspectios 3.20. Kelly Inspection... 3.21 Connection Phosphating, 3.22 Hardbanding Reapplication.. 3.23 Tool Joint Rebuilding, 3.24 Stabilizer Inspection... 3.25. Sub Inspection 3.26 Pup Joint Inspection 1 3.27. Pup Joint Inspection 2 3.28 Shop Inspection of Fishing Tools. 3.29 Residual Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) 3.30 Full Length Ultrasonic (FLUT WT/TL/Obl) Inspection, 3.31. Shop Repair and Gaging of RSC . 3.32. Traceability 3.33. Rig Floor Trip Inspection 3.34 Demagnetization .. 3.35 Post-Inspection Marking... 3.36 Drift Testing, 3.37 Workstring Visual Tube Inspection 3.38 Workstring Visual Connection Inspection .. 3.39 Workstring Dimensional Connection Inspection Failure Analysis 4.1 Scope and Definition.. 4.2. Preserve the Specimens... 43° Analysis and Comective Action 44 Fatigue Failures 435. Split Box... 4.6 Corrective Actions... 4.7 Torsion Failure 4.8 Preventing Torsion Failure 4.9 Tension Failure smn 4.10 Combined Loads Roa ALL Sulfide Stress Cracking.n...n 350DS-1" Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Sten Inspection Table of Contents (continued) Page 5. Fitness for Purpose 5.1 SCOPE smnnnnsnmnnnnnnnnsnn 5.2 Acceptance Criteria. 5.3 Fitness for Purpose... 5.4 Types of Acceptance Critetia minnie 5.5 Adjusting Acceptance Criteria 5 5.6 Acceptance Criteria on Drill Pipe Tubes 5.7 Acceptance Criteria for Tool Joints... 5.8 Acceptance Criteria for Rotary Shouldered Connections on BHA Components 5.9 Acceptance Criteria for Elevator Grooves on Drill Collars. Glossary Appendix Index 24 2.2 23 2.4 a9 26 27 3a 32 33 3.4L 3.4.2 354 35.2 35.3 3.6.1 3.6.2 371 372 373 374 375 3.7.6 arr 378 3.7.9 3.7.10 37.11 3.7.12 3.7.13 3714 List of Tables Calibration Frequency. Inspection Methods Covered by this Standard. a Recommended Inspection Programs for Drill Pipe and Workstring ‘Tubing . ss Recommended Inspection Programs for Other Components . Recommended Beginning Inspection Frequency Conversion Factors for Tange Table of Fractions..... Used Drill Pipe Internal Plastic Coating Evaluation.. Stress Relief Features Requited - Acceptance Criteria for Used Washpipe Roller Dimensions and Roller Force Requirements for Cold Rolling API Conne Required Hydraulic Pressure for Cold Rolling API Connections. Classification of Used Normal Weight Drill Pipe Tubes and Too! Joints Classification of Used Thick-Walled Drill Pipe Tubes and Tool Joints... Criteria for Used Pup Joints. Dimensional Acceptance Criteria for Used Normal Weight Drill Pipe Tubes. Dimensional Acceptance Criteria for Used Thick-Walled Drill Pipe Tubes. . 152 ‘Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (API and Similar Non-Proprietary Connections) .u.153 Used NWDP ‘Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco Hl TORQUE™ Connections)... Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco eXtreme™ Torque Connections) ....161 ‘Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco eXtreme™ Torque-M Connections) . 165 ‘Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco Double Shoulder™ Connections). « « « Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco TurboTorque™ Connections). ‘Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco TurboTorque-M™ Connections) ...174 ‘Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco uXT™ Connections)... Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco uGPDS™ Connections). Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco Express™ Connections) ‘Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco BIS™ Connections) Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco TM2™ Connections)... Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco Delta™ Connections) Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco X-Force™ Connections)List of Tables (continued) 37.15 37.16 3.7.17 3.7.18 37.19 3.7.20 3.7.21 3.7.22 3.7.23, 3.10.9 3.10.10 Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco Express™ Connections) 341d 3112 3.413 3414 3415 3.116 3.12 3.421 3.43.1 313.2 314 3.15 3.16 3.7 3.18.1 3.18.2 3.19.1 3.19.2 TH HILL ASSOCIATES (A BUREAU VERITAS COMPANY) Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (NK DST] Connections). Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Hilong HLIDS Connections). Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Hilong HLMT Connection: Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Hilong HLST Connections) Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Hilong HLIST Connection). Used NWDP Too! Joint Acceptance Criteria (Hydril Wedge Thread™ Connections). Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (DP-Master DPM-DS Connections). Used NWDP Too! Joiat Acceptance Criteria (DP-Master DPM-MT® Connections). Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (DP-Mastcr DPM-ST® Connections). Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (DP-Master DPM-HighTorque Connections) .. Used NWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Command Tubular CET™ Connections) Used Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria for Premium Class-Reduced TSR Drill Pipe.. ‘Used TWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (API Connections) Used TWP Tool Joine Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco HI TORQUE™ Connections) Used TWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco €Xtreme™ Torque Connections) Used TWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco TurboTorque™ Connections) Used TWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco Turbo Torque-M™ Connections) Used TWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco uXT™ Connections). Used TWDP Tool Joint Acceptance Criteria (Grant Prideco Delta™ Connections).... Used BHA Connection Dimensional Acceptance Criter ‘Used HWDP Dimensional Data (API Connections). Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco HIT TORQUE: ia Connections). ~ ‘Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco eXtreme™ Torque Connections)... Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco eXtreme™ Torque-M Connections) nm Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco Double Shoulder™ Connections) Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco uXT™ Connections). ‘Used HWDP Dimensional Daca (Grant Prideco wGPDS™ Connections). on ‘Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco Delta™ Connections). - . Used HWDP Dimensional Data (Grant Prideco EIS™ Connections) Classification of Used Workstring Tubing. Dimensional Acceptance Criteria for Used Workstring Tubing. API Round Connection Dimensions for Non-Upset Tubing sw API Round Connection Dimensions for Externally-Upset Tubing... Dimensional Acceptance Criteria for API Round Tubing Box Connections/Couplings 0... ‘Dimensions for Shoulder-Sealing, ‘Two-Step Connections, Float Bore and Float Valve Data... Float Bore Calculation i Pipe Classification and Condition Bands ee Tool Joint and BHA Connection Condition Bands. Tool Joint Makeup Terque . Recommended Makeup Torque for Drill Collar Connections Bending Strength Ratio for Drill Collar Connections Rotary Shouldered Connection Interchange List sn New Normal Weight Drill Pipe Tube Dimensions... New ‘Thick-Walled Drill Pipe Tube Dimension: New NWDP Connections, Dimensions, Adjusted Weights, Displacements, and Capacities New TWDP Connections, Dimensions, Adjusted Weights, Displacements, and Capacities.DS-1" Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stem Inspection List of Tables (continued) 3.20 3.21 3a 5.2 33 Ad 24 22 23 24 25 2.6 27 28 29 2.10 2.11 2.12 3.41 342 3.43 344 345 3.46 347 348 34.9 3.4.10 3.4.11 3.4.12 3.4.13 344 3.4.15 3.4.16 3417 3.11da 3.11.1b 3.1Lle BALdd 3.1L1e 3.11.2 3.113 3114 34s 3.16 New Heavy Weight Drill Pipe Dimensions, Weights, and Yield Strength. New Drill Collar Weight, Section Modulus, and Displacement... Four Classes of Used Normal Weight Drill Pipe Acceptance Criteria Used in DS-1.. Format for Discussing Drill Stem Acceptance Criteria. Changes to DS-1 Volume 3 from Fourth Edition... List of Figures Example Problem 2.1: Inspection Order Form Principal Objectives of Inspection... 5s - _ Drill String Fatigue Damage Accumtlation wnssosnsnosennnnsnsn Example Problem 2.2: Curvature Index Plot Probability of Detecting a Fatigue Crack. scsi Crack Detection Probability for Various Levels of Procedure Control Drill Pipe Inspection Progeam. Drill Collar Inspection Prograt 0m Heavy Weight Drill Pipe Inspection Program... ‘Welded Pup Joint Inspection Program. Integral Pup Joint Inspection Program Workstring Tubing Inspection Program... Drill Pipe Areas with Internal Plastic Coating (IPC), Blistered Coating . Coating Delaminating (Peeling) Wireline Cuts Underfilm Corrosion... ID Coating Reference Condition 1 in the Upset Run-Out, ID Coating Reference Condition 1 in Tube Body (1)... “ ID Coating Reference Condition 1 in Tube Body (2) TD Coating Reference Condition 2 Internal Upset Run-Out (Corrosion)... ID Gotan Renee Coan eral as: Reo Dun Wirthe Eh ID Coating Reference Condition 2 Tube Body (1)... ID Coating Reference Condition 2 Tube Body (2).. ID Coating Reference Condition 3 Tube Body (1) ID Coating Reference Condition 3 Tlibe Body (2).. ID Coating Reference Condition 4 ID Coating Reference Condition 4 Tube Body (1). ID Coating Reference Condition 4 Tube Body (2). ‘Marking System for Normal Weight Drill Pipe. Weight Codes... — : Grade Codes API Pin Neck Marking System . New Marking System for Thick-Walled Drill Pipe 7 Rejectable Air Wash on Tool Joint Taper... Parts of Thread Form..... Identifying Last Scratch on Dill Pipe Pin Connection without SRP. Measuring from Last Scratch on Drill Pipe Pin Connection without SRF... Locating Last Scratch on BHA Box Connection with SRF. NERS wick® List of Figures (continued) 31.7 3.418 3.11.9 3.11.10 3.41.11 311.122 GPMark™ Benchmarks 3.11.12b Xmark™ Benchmarks... 3.11.12c Dimensions of Damage on Thread Flanks 3.1.13 3.114 3.1115 3.11.16 3.4117 3.11.18 3.13.1 3.13.2 3.13.3 3.13.4 3.13.5 3.13.6 3.13.7 3.13.8 3.13.9 3.13.10 3.13.11 3.141 3.14.2 3.143 3.144 3.14.5 3.18.1 3.20.1 3.22.1 3.22.2 3.22.3, 3.22.4 3.22.5 3.22.6 3.22.7 3.22.8 3.22.9 3.22.10 3.22.11 3.22.12 3.22.13 3.22.14 3.22.15 viii TH HILL ASSOCIATES (A BUREAU VERITAS COMPANY) Locating Last Scratch on BHA Pin Connection with SRF ‘Measuring from Last Scratch on BHA Box Connection with SRF ... Measncing fiom Last Scratch on BHA Pin Connection with SRF ‘Measuring from Last Scratch on BELA Pin Connection without SI Acceptable and Rejectable Seal Damage... XT-M™ and TT-M™ Box and Pin Seal Surfaces... GPMark"™ + Benchmarks for Grant Prideco Delta™ Xmark™ + Benchmarks for Grant Prideco Delta™ Pin End Benchmark for Grant Prideco X-Force™, Box End Benchmark for Grant Prideco X-Force" Acceptable and Rejectable Seal Damage for CET™ Tool Joint Dimensions for APL and Similar Non-Proprietary Connections. Tool Joint Dims for Grant Prideco HI TORQUE™, eXtreme" Torque, uXT™, eXtreme™ ‘Torque-M, TurboTorque™, TurboTorque-M™, and Delta Connections. 67 ‘Tool Joint Dims for Grant Prideco Double Shoulder™, uGPDS™, Express™, EIS™, TM2™, X-Force™, and Command CET™ Connections... 7 vnsnnn 69 ‘Too! Joint Dimensions tor Hydeil Wedge Thread™ Connections... ‘Tool Joint Dimensions for NK DST] Connections wr 2 ‘Tool Joint Dimensions for Hilong HLIDS, HLMTT, HLS, and HLIST Conmections...c00..74 ‘Tool Joint Dims for DPM-DS, DPM-MT®, DPM-ST®, and DPM-HighTorque Connection ‘Two Methods of Box Connection Length Inspection for DP-Master Connections ‘Two Methods of Pin Connection Length Inspection for DP-Master Connections. ‘Two Methods of Box Connection Length Inspection for X-Force™ Connections ‘Two Methods of Pin Connection Length Inspection for X-Foree™ Connections... Heavy Weight Drill Pipe Center Upset Dimensions BHA Connection Dimensions. Measuring Pin Stress Relief Groove Length (1). a Measuring Pin Stress Relief Groove Length (2)... Measuring Pin Stress Relief Groove Length (3)... Drill Collar Slip Grooves.. 7 Kelly Wear Pattern and Contact Angl Example Photo #1 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features. Example Photo #2 of Acceptuble/Rejectable Features, Example Photo #3 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features... Example Photo #4 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features, Example Photo #5 of Acceprable/Rejectable Feature Example Photo #6 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features Example Photo #7 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features Example Photo #8 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features. Example Photo #9 of Acceptable/Rejectable Feature Example Photo #10 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features Example Photo #11 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features, Example Photo #12 of Acceprable/Rejectable Featur Example Photo #13 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features Example Photo #14 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features: Example Photo #15 of Acceptable/Rejectable Features... need O4List of Figures (continued) 3.25.1 3.25.2 3.25.3 3.25.4 3.28.1 3.28.2 3.28.3 3.284 3.285 3.286 3.287 3.288 3.28.9 3.28.10 3.28.11 3.28.12 3.28.13 3.28.14 3.28.15 3.28.16 3.28.17 3.29.1 3.29.2 3.301 3311 3.31.2 3321 334.1 3.35.1 3.35.2 3371 3.372 3.373 3.374 3.38.1 3.38.2 3.383 3.384 3.385 3.38.6 3.387 3.388 3.38.9 41 42 43 44 45 46 DS-1° Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stem Inspection API Drilling Subs. Float Bore Pro! Float Bore Profile with Baffle Plate Recess. Lift Sub Dimensions... ‘Metal Classification on an Example Integral Blade String Mill... ‘Metal Classification on Example Tools. ‘Metal Classification on an Example Cutter Measuring the Thickness of a Solid Component. “Tong Space and Fishing Neck Length on a Bottleneck Fishing Sub. Example Photo #1 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks. Example Photo #2 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks Example Photo #3 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks. Example Photo #4 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks Example Photo #5 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks. Example Photo #6 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks Example Photo #7 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks .. Example Photo #8 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks Example Photo #9 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks. Example Photo #10 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks... 123 Example Photo #11 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks — anal Example Photo #12 of Acceptable/Rejectable Cracks... - 123 Pocket Magnetometer Means of Inducing Magnetic Piclds Shear Wave Skip Positions for Establishing a DAC Curve Roller Geometry. Pin Taread Run-Out.. ‘Traceability Procedure Flow Chat... Penetration Depth of Eddy Current Post-Inspection Marking Scheme-A of Drill Stem Components Post-Inspection Marking Scheme-B of Drill Stem Components. Rejectable Pitting on the ODs of Joints of Tubing ; Rod Wear on the ID of a Joint of Tubing, Acceptable Mill Seale on the OD of a Joint of Tubing... Acceptable Mill Scate on the ID of a Joint of Tubing.. ‘Thread Dimensions of an API Round Thread Pin . ‘Thread Dimensions of an API Round Thread Coupling. Example Photo #1 of Acceptable/Rejectable Thread Condition, Example Photo #2 of Acceptable/Rejectable Thread Condition Example Photo #3 of Acceptable/Rejectable Thread Condition. Example Photo #4 of Acceptable/Rejectable Thread Condition, Improper Pin Nose Geometry on APT Round Thread Pins.. Shoulder-Sealing, Two-Step Pin Shoulder-Sealing, Two-Step Box mm Drill Pipe Tube Fatigue Crack. Regions Where Cracks Occur in BHA Connections. Washouts in Drill Pipe Tubes... Brittle Material Failure .. ‘Typical Drill Collar Box and Pin Fatigue Failure. Ratchet and Beach Marks on the Fatigue Crack Surface._TH HILL ASSOCIATES (A BUREAU VERITAS COMPANY) List of Figures (continued) Page 47 Split Box Failure 347 48 Corrective Actions to Consider in the Case of Fatigue Failure so BAB 49 Box-Weak Torsion Failure. 48 4.10 OD Gage and Haidened and Ground Profle Gage 349 4.11 Systematic Approach for Responding to a Torsional Failure 4.12 Tension Failure Appearanc® nc. 4.13 Systematic Approach for Responding to a'Tension Faire. 4.14 Fracture Surface of a Combined Load Failure in a Drill Pipe Tube.. 5.1 Classes of Pipe Recognized by RP7G-2 and DSL... 5.2 ‘Typical Process for Modifying Acceptance Criteria... 5.3. Drill Pipe $-N Curve and Slip Cut FEA Stress Plot er 5.4 Process for Setting and Adjusting Too! Joint Diameter Requirements 5.5 Historical Bending Strength Ratio (BSR) Target 5.6 General Process for Adjusting BSR List of Equations 21 Estimated Fatigue Damage ss $1 Connection Seal Radius. 52, Connection Seal AreaDS-1° Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stem Inspection 1. Introduction Since 1992, Standard DS-1 has worked to prevent drill stem failures. It was first sponsored by members of the Drilling Engineers Association (DEA) and other parties as DEA Project 74. Originally an industry-standard set of inspection procedures for used drill pipe, the scope of the standard and its acceptance in the industry has grown dcamatically through four previous editions. This Fifth Edition of Standard DS-1 consists of six Volumes: Volume 1 covers the manufacture of various drill stem elements, + Volume 2 provides resources and calculations to design and operate a drill string successfully. + Volume 3—this book—gives inspection pro- cedural control and acceptance criteria for generic components such as drill pipe, drill collars, HWDBR, subs, te. + Volume 4 outlines a quality control structure for the maintenance processes of specialty tools. + Volume 5 covers the inspection of new and used bits for oilfield drilling, + Volume 6 provides the inspection procedures and acceptance criteria for used aluminum drill pipe. 1.1 Bureau Veritas and T H Hill In March 2012, Bureau Veritas acquired T H Hill Associates, Inc. With the acquisition, the process of integrating ‘TH Fill service lines and Standard DS-1 development work with Burcau Veritas’ service portfolio ‘was initiated. On September 1, 2016 the integration process was advanced by merging T H Hill Associates with Bureau Veritas’s North America operating company (Bureau Veritas North America, Inc). This step has enabled expansion of the global footprint of Standard DS-1. It has also provided access to an extensive network of engineering support which helps to accelerate the technical content development efforts. 1.2 Coverage In the Fifth Edition of Standard DS-1 (as was introduced in the Fourth Edition), inspection and qualification of drill string components is specified in Volumes 3 and 4, Volume 3 addresses the inspection of drill string equipment consist~ ing of a single piece with no component pieces. Examples include dei pipe, drill collars, subs, and pup joints. Volume 4, frst published with Fourth Edition, addresses drilling specialty tools, which are defined as 2 device that: + can be run in a drill string or casing string and perform some function; + is assembled from two or more components, and; + iscomplete in itself with no additional equipment needed for its function except possibly some external power or pressure source. Examples of drilling specialty tools include mud motors, ‘MWD, LWD, underreamers, and safety valves. 1.3. Sponsorship Sponsorship of DS-1 is open to any company or institution ‘having an interest in the field. The sponsorship group in- ‘cludes oil and gus operating companies, drilling contractor ‘companies, ental companies, inspection companies,and oil field service companies. Sponsorship fees are paid to Bureau Veritas and are used to conduct research, to recommend content, and to write, update, and maintain the standard, For sponsorship information contact: DS-1 Enginceti Bureau Veritas 16800 Greenspoint Park Drive, Suite 3008 Houston, Texas 77060 (281) 671-3700 (phone) [email protected] (email) 14 Copyright Notice ‘This standard is copyrighted and is the property of Bureau Veritas. Anyone who wishes to use this standard may do s0, but no part of the standard may be photocopied, electronically duplicated, entered into a computer, or otherwise reproduced without prior written permission from Bureau Veritas. 1.5 Content “The content of this standard is determined by a com tee of technical representatives from sponsor compani ‘However, suggestions for improving this standard are welcomed from any source. Suggested changes should be sent to the address above.Revisions and corrections of the DS-1 Standards are published from time to time, Before using the standard, be sure to contact us (see information above) or visit www.byna.com/dsIstandards to make sure you have the latest edition, 1.6 Significant Changes from DS-1 Fourth Edition ‘Toassist the user in identifjing changes between Standard DS-1 Fourth Edition and Fifth Edition, Table A.1 is provided (located in the Appendix). Table A.1 lists some ‘of the new inspection procedures and methods added and some of the key changes made to the inspection procedures and methods previously covered in Fourth Edition and now continued in Fifth Edition. The goals to familiarize DS-1 users with these changes. However itis not meant to be an exhaustive ist that requires no further investigation. Table A. serves as a reference to be reviewed prior to examining the contents of Standard DS-1 Fifth Edition, Volume 3. 1.7. Assumptions This standard is written and published solely for the convenience of the user: "The data presented herein is based fon assumptions about material properties and operating conditions which will not apply inall circumstances. Since actual properties and conditions cannot be foreseen, each ‘user must first ascertain how local equipment or operating conditions deviate from the assumptions herein, then ‘employ sound engineering and technical judgment in deciding when to employ any part of this standard. 1.8 Limitations This standard is not a training manual, nor should it be used by untrained or inexperienced personnel, or people who are not qualified in drilling engineering, threading technology, inspection technology, quality assurance, oF applicable codes, standards, and procedures. Ihis standard isnot intended to meet the duties of employers to properly train and equip their employees in any of the above fields. 1.9 Terms and Conditions for Use ‘The terms and conditions stated in paragraphs 1.9 through 1.12 are the sole and exclusive terms and conditions by ich this Standard DS-1 is offered for sale or use, and TH HILL ASSOCIATES (A BUREAU VERITAS COMPANY) the purchase or use of this standard sball be deemed an unconditional acceptance of these terms and conditions by the user. 1.10 Proprietary Products Users of this standard are advised that certain dimensions and properties of proprietary products are listed in this standard. These dimensions and properties have generally been provided by the manufacturers of the produets in question, and are listed herein solely for the convenience of users who may be using or contemplating the use of such products, Bureau Veritas, its officers and directors, the editorial committee snerbers and their companies, and the sponsor companies have not verified the service- ability of these products nor the of the data furnished, nor do they make any representation whatever as to the accuracy of the data or reliability of the produc. Furthermore, listing in this standard does not constitute alicense to manufacture any product. Such license can only be obtained fiom the owner of the product in question, Anyone contemplating manufacture of any product listed herein is cautioned to verify that such manufacture will not tht or patent of the holders of the proprietary 1.11 Proprietary Technology and License Agreement ‘The methods of calculating Curvature Index, Stability Index, Reactive Torque, and Connection Fatigue Index are and remain the exclusive property of Bureau Veritas. “The values given in this standard for Curvature Index, Stability Index, Reactive Torque, and Connection Fatigue Index are and remain the exclusive property of Bureau Veritas. License is hereby granted to persons who purchase and register this standard to use the values given hercin for Curvature Index, Stability Index, Reactive Torque, and Connection Fatigue Index for the sole purpose of designing drill strings or setting inspection intervals No person or organization may use these values, curves, formulas, or methods of calculation for any other purpose, including developing training material or training others in drill string design or inspection. These values, curves, and formulas may not be retyped, hand copied, redrawn, scanned, photocopied, or employed in the production or use of any computer program or software, except with the prior written permission of Bureau Veritas.DS-1° Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stem Inspection 1.12 Disclaimer of Liability Bureau Veritas and the editorial committee have made iligent, good faith efforts to obtain and compile the information and to ensure the reliability and applicability of the data presented in this standard. However, Bureau Veritas, its officers and directors, che editorial committee ‘members and their companies, and the sponsor companies make no guarantee, representation, claim, or warranty of any kind as to the validity of engineering formulas used, or theaccuracy and completeness of any data presented herein. Bureau Veritas, its officers and directors, the editorial committee members and their companies, and the sponsor companies hereby disclaim and shall not be liable for any director consequential claims or damages, personal injury cr property damage, economic or other losses,out of pocket damages or lost profits, or violation of any letters patent, relating to or resulting from use of this standard or use of | the procedures mentioned herein, and by using the stan~ dard, the user releases Bureau Veritas from any and all such claims, liabilities, or damages of any kind, Bureau Veritas expressly disclaims any and all express warranties of every kind as well as any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for particular purpose. Bureau Veritas shall never be lable to any user for any act or omission unless caused by gross negligence or intentional misconduct of Bureau Veritas The liability of Bureau Veritas shall in any event be limited to the retail price at which this standard is offered for sale. 1.13 Responsibility for Compliance Responsibility for compliance to any requirement of this standard can only be imposed by one user of this standard upon another user, by agreement between the two parties.TH HILL ASSOCIATES (A BUREAU VERITAS COMPANY) ia ‘This page intentionally left blank.2. Inspection Program Section Contents 2.1 Inspection Methods.. 2.2. Inspection Programs " 2.3. Conducting the Inspection Program 24 — Deviating from Procedural Requirements. 25 Specifying Applicable Methods 2.6 Setting Acceptance Criteria 2.7 Drill Stem Inspection Order Form 28. Inspection Frequency... 2.9 Essential Objectives of Inspection 2.10 The Inspector's First Objective. 2.11 The Inspector's Second Objective 2.12 Consideration for Scheduling Re-Inspection, 243. Estimating Cumulative Fatigue Damage 2.14 Inspection Scheduli 2.15 Manual vs Computer-Based Estimating... 2.16 Estimating Loss of Load Capacity 2.17, Inspection Costs 0 2.18 Limitations of the Guidelines in this Standard. 2.19 Inspection Using Metric Units. 2.20, Personnel Competency -umnn nei 2.21, Calibration Requirements 2.22 Definitions semen 2.23. History and Evolution of Used Diill Pipe Classes. 2.24 Fitness for Purpose 2.25 Adjusting Acceptance Criteria 2.26. ‘The Inspection Procedure is Critica 2.27 Procedure Affects Results 2.28 Frequently Asked Questions... List of Tables 2.1 Calibration Frequency... 2.2 Inspection Methods Covered by this Standard.. 2.3. Recommended Inspection Prozrams for Drill Pipe and Workstring Tubing 2.4 Recommended Inspection P, ms for Other Components. 2.5 Recommended Beginning Ins, -..ion Frequency. 2.6 Conversion Factors for Inspection. 2.7 Table of Fractions. List of Figures 2.1 Example Problem 2.1: Inspection Order Form, 2.2 Principal Objectives of Inspection .. 23 Drill String Fatigue Damage Accumulation. 2.4 Example Problem 2.2: Curvature Index Plot. 25 Probability of Detecting a Fatigue Crack. - 2.6 Crack Detection Probability for Various Levels of Procedure Contol.. 2.7 Drill Pipe Inspection Program. 28 Drill Collar Inspection Program 2.9 Heavy Weight Drill Pipe Inspection Program. 2.10 Welded Pup Join: Inspection Program 2.11 Integral Pup Joint Inspection Program 2.12 Workstring Tubing Inspection ProgramDs-1* Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stern Inspection 2. Inspection Program ‘This and the following sections describe how to order an inspection of drill pipe under Volume 3 of Standard DS-1 For inspection of equipment using Volume 3, the customer is defined as the party on whose behalf the inspection is being conducted. If the components are being inspected for use in a-well or wells, the customer is the organization at risk in the event of a failure. Ifthe components are being inspected prior to returning them to stock for future rental, the customer is the company owning the components. In the first case, the customer will usually be represented by the designes, who will be most familiar with the Toads and anticipated operating conditions, and therefore best qualified to set the inspection program and decide issues that arise during inspection. 2.1. Inspection Methods ‘Thirty six inspection methods are defined under the standard. Many of the methods are specific to certain component types, and the tools employed and procedures used in each method will vary widely. Table 2.2 lists all methods used under the Standard, and the purpose of each. Each of the methods listed in Table 2.2 is accompanied by a specific procedure. Unless « procedure is modified by the customer, the inspection company is required to follow it exactly. 2.2 Inspection Programs “The remaining sections of this chapter provide information on setting an inspection program using Volume 3. The inspection program is set by the customer and performed by the inspection company. An inspection program consists of four elements: 2.2.1 Equipment List ‘The customer must provide a complete list of the equip- ment to be inspected. The list must include joint count or footage required for each component, and a complete and accurate description of each component. 22.2 Methods to be Employed “The customer must provide precise guidelines on which of the available methods are to be used to inspect each component. Thisis usually accomplished by selecting from cone of six inspection categories (discussed further below). However the customer is free to select any applicable ‘methods he or she desires, and the procedural requirements accompanying the selected methods are still binding on the inspection company. 2.2.3 Acceptance Criteria in Effect ‘The customer must give the inspection company precise instructions about the attributes which must be met or exceeded in an acceptable component. For drill pipe, this is often done by specifying an inspection class. Attributes of ‘other components cannot be assigned by specifying a class, 2.24 Frequency of Inspection "The usual practice has been to set inspection frequency ‘on some arhitrary basis such as footage drilled or hours rotated. Such estimates are litle better than wild guesses because they don't take into account how the components in question are loaded. Neither do they consider the probable failure modes. The recommended approach for setting inspection frequency is given in paragraph 2.12. 2.3 Conducting the Inspection Program Once the customer sets the inspection program, the inspection organization is responsible for conducting it. (One exception is the Rig Floor Trip Inspection, which the rig, crew may perform.) In the conduct of an inspec~ tion method, the inspection company is responsible for following the procedural requirements outlined in DS-1 ‘Volume 3.’The inspection company is also responsible for making the customer aware of any problems in achieving the desired acceptance criteria, and for working with the customer to resolve these problems. 2.4 Deviating from Procedural Requirements ‘The customer, having set the program in the first place, is free to alter any aspect of the process he or she desires. Customers are cautioned, however, that deviating from the procedures in Volume 3 may negatively impact the quality ofthe inspection and of the accepted produets. The inspection company may not deviate from any requirement in Volume 3 of this standard without prior approval from the customer, 2.5. Specifying Applicable Methods ‘The customer may select any applicable set of methods from Table 2.2. However, to simplify the customer's choices and at the same time allow him or her to tailor the inspection program to the risks of the application, six@ TH HILL ASSOCIATES (A BUREAU VERITAS COMPANY) service categories are established. ‘hese categories, and the recommended inspection programs that accompany them, are shown in Tables 2.3 and 2.4, and Figures 2.7 through 2.12. 25.1 Category 1 Category 1 inspections mainly search for damages to the component. This may apply to very shallow, very routine wells in well-developed areas. When drill stera failures occur, failure costs are so minimal that the cost of extensive inspection would not have been justified. Tt ay also be applied as « higher-frequeney “maintenance” inspection, attempting to find and fx problems in the dell stem before they lead to greater repair costs when a full, higher-catogory inspection is performed at the end of a campaign (For instance) 25.2 Category 2 Applies for routine drilling conditions where the established practice is to perform minimal inspection and the failure ‘experience is low. May also be applied as a “maintenance” inspection to eatch damages early. 253 Category 3 Designed for mid-range drilling conditions where a standard inspection program is justified. fa failure occurs, the risk of significant fishing cost or losing part of the hole is minimal. A minimum Category 3 inspection is required asa design constraint for Design Group 2 25.4 Category 4 “This category may be used when drilling conditions are more difficult than Category 3. Significant fishing costs or losing part of the hole are likely in the event of a drill stem failure, 255 Category 5 ‘This category applics to severe drilling conditions. Several factors combine to make the cost of a possible failure very high. A minimum Category 5 inspection is required as a design constraint in Design Group 3. 256 Category HDLS Owing to the increasing tensile loads carried by landing strings, especially in deep water, a sixth service category is included. This category is designated for heavy duty landing strings (HLS). A heavy duty landing string consists of all components to be used in a casing landing operation from and including the casing running tool up to and including the top drive main shaft where any component in the load path is loaded beyond eighty-five percent ofits rated tensile capacity (inckading the slip crusiing capacity, applicable). 6 “The customer is free to instinute this category whenever he or she sees fit due to the severity of the operation and the high cost (monetary and otherwise) that would be associated with any type of failure. 2.6 Setting Acceptance Criteria Once the inspection methods have been selected, the next step is to establish the applicable acceptance criteria. Unless working to a specific Design Group, the designer may set any set of acceptance eriteria that meet the design constraints. Specifying a drill pipe class has long been the shorthand way most designers use to specify a complete set of acceptance criteria for drill pipe and associated connections. (A class designation does not apply to other components.) Five drill pipe classes are recognized in DS-1 Volume 3. 261 Class1 This Class designation applies to new drill pipe and associated connections. 2.6.2 Ultra Class The dill pipe tube and tool joint meet the requirements in Table 3.5.1, The tube is allowed to wear down to a minimum allowable Remaining Body Wall (RBW) of 90% of the nominal wall thickness. Tool joints are sized so that they are at least 80% as strong in torsion as the drill pipe tube they are connected to. 2.6.3 Premium Class ‘The dhill pipe tube and tool joint meet the requirements in Table 3.5.1, The tube is allowed to wear down to a minimum allowable Remaining Body Wall (RBW ) of 80% of the nominal wall thickness. Tool joints are sized so that they are at least 80% as strong in torsion as the drill pipe tube they are connected to. 2.6.4 Premium Class, Reduced TSR ‘Torsional Strength Ratio (TSR) is the satio of tool joint to tube torsional strengths. Many new and Premiurn Class Grill pipes have tool joint diameters that give a TSR of about 0.8, meaning that new and Premium Class tool joints are about 80 percent as strong in torsion as the tubes to which they are attached. Premium Class, Reduced TSR allows tool joint diameters that give TSRs of approximately 60 percent, while maintaining all other attributes of DS-1 Premium Class. This class was adopted in DS-1 Second Edition to recognize a long-standing industry practice of using smaller tool joint ODs in low torsion drilling to gain better fishing clearance in certain drill pipe/hole diameterDS-1" Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stem Inspection situations. Pipe in this class will have identical load capaci- ties as Premium Class pipe, except for torsional strength. Premium Class, Reduced TSR is not recognized by API. 265 Class2 ‘The drill pipe tube and tool joint meet the requirements in Table 3.5.1. The tube is allowed to wear down to a minimum allowable Remaining Body Wall (RBW) of 70% of the nominal wall thickness. Tool joints are sized so that they are at least 80% as strong in torsion as the drill pipe tube they are connected to. 2.6.6 Acceptance Criteria for Thick-Walled Drill Pipe Acceptance of thick walled drill pipe is usually expressed by specifying the minimum acceptable remaining wall thickness. Typical limits placed on remaining wall are 80, 90, and 95 percent of new nominal, Classification criteria for TWDP is provided in Table 3.5.2. 2.6.7 Acceptance Criteria for Drill Collars By specifying the acceptable Bending Strength Ratio (BSR) range, the designer establishes the dimensional requirements for drill collar connection OD and ID. BSR is discussed in Appendix A of this volume and Chapter 4 cof Volume 2. BSR values for common connection types and sizes are listed for reference in Table 3.16. For convenience, the recommended ranges for BSR are repeated below. Traditional Recommended Drill CollarOD BSRRange BSR Range .45 fom Buu UAB 2x04 ys BPE SUALL HT >40N (Pounbor se sai0u eax |PAL) SBION 7 3L0N €310N rsa s2-etasa decom x ape] cere uBNOSsOXD wanossow cat syyTiO9 THYG eeLH « 20g0N bese - we sez = els l[a) Z BEN won | mmo | fobae on eva souerdasay uweiBoug uonsodsut Boa = vwon22uu0 vuondussog wont 2pegeiog ° 1BION A A e [A 2 EN s over | ene | aso |e 1BION A s e [a z 88H s corer | ene ascot |e A e | A 2 og2N) Ss ost s “duos |r owes io | wintuma | snonees | anno | Kofmes | on | mu cs maul ‘yon souerdoooy wesGosg wopsedsur 2 Se ee. fee | aang sl ae peonces | 2 nuianus enunsdasse foods (¢ ‘suinsXeud woysoodsun Mfinads (7 ‘stiouedynbs Mfisads (su ‘adid 110 P2U/EM PILL Pue 1yB19\M [EULION yeu pe is ed TEM FTaWWRS SUEN Baniemn uosieg hazcwon Sunsenies -papaon wowsdinb3 a1ea -aleg IWUOd YGUO NOILIIdSNI 9 ROUD2ASHT DEW 1 PPL bed uae vonipa yuls ,T-SdDS-1" Fifth Edition, Volume 3, Drill Stem Inspection Principle Objectives of Inspection Ensure Load Capacity Remove Fatigue-Cracked and Fatigue-Prone Components Figure 2.2 The two principal objectives cf drill stem inspection One is easly accomplished atthe rig, the other requires special equipment end training 2.10 Inspector's First Objective ‘The first objective of the inspector is to ensure that each component has the load capacity required of it. This concern almost always applies to drill pipe, which usually has lower load capacity than heavier BHA. components and is also subject to higher loads. For a given drill pipe size and connection, load capacity is established by pipe grade, tube wall thickness, and connection OD and ID. If it can be presumed that the initial inspection got these iseues correct, then during future use the designer need only be concerned about accumulated wear on tool joint boxes and drill pipe tubes (pin IDs rarely change duc to wear). Most importantly, the two dimensions critical to load capacity that are affected by wear can be quickly and ‘easily re-measured right on the rig at no cost in rig time. Since thedesigner can readily reconfirm these dimensions when the need arises, there will rarely bea need to schedule 4 full re-inspection on the basis of wear considerations alone. An exception to this rule will occur when 2 string is about to be used in some critical situation such asa Design Group 3 or HDLS application in which design factors and projected load factors approach unity. 2.11 Inspector‘s Second Objective ‘The inspector's second principal objective is to identify and set aside components that contain fatigue cracks, or that are at elevated risk for forming them. Finding fatigue cracks on drill pipe is an activity requiring special equipment, best done by trained specialists who are not working under production pressures. Thus, unless rig, operations are to be suspended for several days, the designer should probably plan on transporting drill pipe toa location or facility where inspection can be efficiently done. A possible exception will be inspecting BHA connections for fatigue cracks, which can often be done efficiently at the rig, provided the inspector is allowed to work independently of rig-driven production pressure. 2.12 Considerations for Scheduling Re-Inspection Given that the initial inspection was correctly done, the factors thar should determine when re-inspection is needed are accumulated fatigue and accumulated wear. 2121 Fatigue Accumulated fatigue damage on drill pipe tubes should determine when to schedule a re-inspection for dill pipe fatigue cracks,’The difficulty here is that fatigue damage can accumulate at vastly different rates in different parts of the string. This is illustrated in Figure 2.3. Here, a hole section is to be drilled from the tangent point to the section total depth. With the bit rotating at the tangent point, fatigue cycles begin accumulating. on drill pipe that is within the build section. However,as drilling progresses, pipe moves from the build section into the straight tangent section, and from the straight section above the kickoff point into the build section. Also, ifthe tangent section is not horizontal, tension in the build section increases with each foot of new hole. This accelerates the rate at which damage accurmulates on pipe in the build section. Figure 2.3 shows the accumulated damage when drilling the hole section is complete. While pipe immediately above TD Fatigue Dam: ‘Accumulation High Med Low Kickoff Point Tangent Point Total Depth Figure 23. Fatigue damage will accumulate unevenly over the length ofa drill string,